Article(id=1198550347846353104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550344985837722, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)05-0066-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1691769600000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763686270915, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1698163200000, pubDateStr=2023-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763686270915, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763686270915, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763686270915, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198550344985837722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763686270233, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764231160152, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200835779015602647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550344985837722, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200835779015602648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550344985837722, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=66, endPage=70, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198550348550996212, articleId=1198550347846353104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Study on Welding Performances of 1 100 MPa Grade Ultra High Strength Steel for Lifting Arm of Heavy Machinery, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curves of Q1100D steel in cooling process are obtained through the thermal simulation of welding process with Gleeble-3800 testing machine. The microstructure and properties of welded joints under different heat inputs are tested with such methods as the Y-slit welding cold crack test, metallographic analysis and mechanical performance test. The results showed that the ultra high strength steel Q1100D for lifting arm of heavy machinery of Baotou Steel was with better cold check resistance. It could be welded without preheating at room temperature with the condition of a little heat input; with the condition of greater heat input, cold cracks are not observed on the surface and cross section, which indicates that Q1100D steel plate is with good cold check resistance. The evaluation results of comprehensive mechanical and structure properties of the joint indicate that the Q1100D steel plate with thickness of 14 mm is with optimum mechanical properties (tensile, bending and impact) of welded joint under heat input of 1.05 kJ/mm.

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通过Gleeble-3800试验机进行焊接过程热模拟,得出了Q1100D钢冷却过程中的CCT曲线。采用斜Y坡口焊接冷裂纹试验、金相分析和力学性能测试等方法,对不同热输入下焊接接头组织与性能进行了检测,结果表明包钢Q1100D重型机械超高强吊臂钢具有较好的抗冷裂性能。小热输入条件下可以实现室温下不预热焊接;较大热输入条件下,表面和断面未见冷裂纹,说明Q1100D钢板具有较好的抗冷裂性能。接头综合力学性能与组织性能评价结果表明,14 mm厚Q1100D钢板在1.05 kJ/mm的热输入下,焊接接头力学性能(拉伸、弯曲、冲击)处于最优状态。

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李 浩(1971-),男,河北省保定市人,高级工程师,现从事板材生产管理、板材控制技术和新产品研究工作。

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李 浩(1971-),男,河北省保定市人,高级工程师,现从事板材生产管理、板材控制技术和新产品研究工作。

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李 浩(1971-),男,河北省保定市人,高级工程师,现从事板材生产管理、板材控制技术和新产品研究工作。

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Correlation of Martensite-austenite Constituent and Cleavage Crack Initiation in Welding Heataffected Zone of Low Carbon Bainitic Steel[J]. 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C Si Mn P S Als B Nb+V+Ni+Cr+Mo
0.16 0.21 1.15 0.011 0.001 2 0.040 0.001 3 适量
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Q1100D钢板母材化学成分(质量分数)%

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C Si Mn P S Als B Nb+V+Ni+Cr+Mo
0.16 0.21 1.15 0.011 0.001 2 0.040 0.001 3 适量
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抗拉强度
Rm/MPa
屈服强度
Rp0.2/MPa
断后伸长率
A/%
-20 冲击
吸收功KV2/J
1 397 1 305 11 138
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Q1100D钢板母材力学性能

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抗拉强度
Rm/MPa
屈服强度
Rp0.2/MPa
断后伸长率
A/%
-20 冲击
吸收功KV2/J
1 397 1 305 11 138
), ArticleFig(id=1198570144831206342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550347846353104, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
焊丝 焊接电流I
/A
电弧电压U
/V
保护气体 气体流量Q
/(L·min-1)
焊接速v
/(mm·s-1)
热输入E
/(kJ·mm-1)
温度
/
湿度
/%
ER120S-G 220 20 80%Ar+20%CO2 25 6.67 0.66 23 30
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斜Y坡口裂纹试验焊接工艺参数

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焊丝 焊接电流I
/A
电弧电压U
/V
保护气体 气体流量Q
/(L·min-1)
焊接速v
/(mm·s-1)
热输入E
/(kJ·mm-1)
温度
/
湿度
/%
ER120S-G 220 20 80%Ar+20%CO2 25 6.67 0.66 23 30
), ArticleFig(id=1198570145003172811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550347846353104, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
热输入E
/(kJ·mm-1)
焊丝 电流I
/A
电压U
/V
保护气体 气体流量Q
/(L·min-1)
焊接速度v
/(mm·s-1)
温度
/
湿度
/%
0.66 ER120S-G 220 20 80%Ar+20%CO2 25 6.67 23 30
0.79 ER120S-G 240 22 80%Ar+20%CO2 25 6.67 23 30
1.05 ER120S-G 260 27 80%Ar+20%CO2 25 6.67 23 30
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不同热输入焊接工艺条件

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热输入E
/(kJ·mm-1)
焊丝 电流I
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电压U
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保护气体 气体流量Q
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焊接速度v
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温度
/
湿度
/%
0.66 ER120S-G 220 20 80%Ar+20%CO2 25 6.67 23 30
0.79 ER120S-G 240 22 80%Ar+20%CO2 25 6.67 23 30
1.05 ER120S-G 260 27 80%Ar+20%CO2 25 6.67 23 30
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热输入E
/(kJ·mm-1)
-20 冲击吸收功KV2/J 接头拉伸试验
焊缝中心 熔合区 热影响区 Rm/MPa 断裂位置
0.66 52 61 89 1 136 焊缝
1 182 熔合区
0.79 55 69 93 1 114 焊缝
1 073 焊缝
1.05 65 79 77 1 043 焊缝
1 014 焊缝
1.16 61 73 89 1 091 焊缝
1 042 焊缝
1.29 69 96 103 1 078 焊缝
1 036 焊缝
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不同热输入焊接接头力学性能试验结果

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热输入E
/(kJ·mm-1)
-20 冲击吸收功KV2/J 接头拉伸试验
焊缝中心 熔合区 热影响区 Rm/MPa 断裂位置
0.66 52 61 89 1 136 焊缝
1 182 熔合区
0.79 55 69 93 1 114 焊缝
1 073 焊缝
1.05 65 79 77 1 043 焊缝
1 014 焊缝
1.16 61 73 89 1 091 焊缝
1 042 焊缝
1.29 69 96 103 1 078 焊缝
1 036 焊缝
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1 100 MPa级重型机械超高强吊臂钢焊接性能研究
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李浩 1 , 薛越 1 , 戴鑫 1 , 张军 1 , 柳婕 1 , 黄利 2
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2023,49(5): 66-70
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2023, 49(5): 66-70
1 100 MPa级重型机械超高强吊臂钢焊接性能研究
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李浩1, 薛越1, 戴鑫1, 张军1, 柳婕1, 黄利2
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司薄板坯连铸连轧厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 李 浩(1971-),男,河北省保定市人,高级工程师,现从事板材生产管理、板材控制技术和新产品研究工作。

Study on Welding Performances of 1 100 MPa Grade Ultra High Strength Steel for Lifting Arm of Heavy Machinery
Hao Li1, Yue Xue1, Xin Dai1, Jun Zhang1, Jie Liu1, Li Huang2
Affiliations
  • 1 CSP Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010,;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-10-25
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通过Gleeble-3800试验机进行焊接过程热模拟,得出了Q1100D钢冷却过程中的CCT曲线。采用斜Y坡口焊接冷裂纹试验、金相分析和力学性能测试等方法,对不同热输入下焊接接头组织与性能进行了检测,结果表明包钢Q1100D重型机械超高强吊臂钢具有较好的抗冷裂性能。小热输入条件下可以实现室温下不预热焊接;较大热输入条件下,表面和断面未见冷裂纹,说明Q1100D钢板具有较好的抗冷裂性能。接头综合力学性能与组织性能评价结果表明,14 mm厚Q1100D钢板在1.05 kJ/mm的热输入下,焊接接头力学性能(拉伸、弯曲、冲击)处于最优状态。

高强钢  /  焊接性  /  热输入  /  金相组织

The continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curves of Q1100D steel in cooling process are obtained through the thermal simulation of welding process with Gleeble-3800 testing machine. The microstructure and properties of welded joints under different heat inputs are tested with such methods as the Y-slit welding cold crack test, metallographic analysis and mechanical performance test. The results showed that the ultra high strength steel Q1100D for lifting arm of heavy machinery of Baotou Steel was with better cold check resistance. It could be welded without preheating at room temperature with the condition of a little heat input; with the condition of greater heat input, cold cracks are not observed on the surface and cross section, which indicates that Q1100D steel plate is with good cold check resistance. The evaluation results of comprehensive mechanical and structure properties of the joint indicate that the Q1100D steel plate with thickness of 14 mm is with optimum mechanical properties (tensile, bending and impact) of welded joint under heat input of 1.05 kJ/mm.

high strength steel  /  weldability  /  heat input  /  metallographic structure
李浩, 薛越, 戴鑫, 张军, 柳婕, 黄利. 1 100 MPa级重型机械超高强吊臂钢焊接性能研究. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (5) : 66 -70 .
Hao Li, Yue Xue, Xin Dai, Jun Zhang, Jie Liu, Li Huang. Study on Welding Performances of 1 100 MPa Grade Ultra High Strength Steel for Lifting Arm of Heavy Machinery[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (5) : 66 -70 .
随着中国制造业的飞速发展,对起重机、矿山机械、挖掘机、载重汽车、推土机等重型机械的需求日渐增大。机械设备向大型化、轻量化发展,对机械设备所使用钢材的强度及焊接性能提出了更高的要求。起重机作为重要的机械设备,随着起吊重量的增加,所采用的吊臂钢的强度也逐渐增大。从550 MPa逐渐提高到890 MPa,甚至1 100 MPa以上[1-3]。超高强度钢板的使用能够极大的减轻吊臂重量,更好的适应各种作业条件,延长重型机械的使用寿命[4]。同时也对材料的焊接性能提出了更高的要求。
包钢研发的吊臂用Q1100D钢板,其生产工艺路线为热机械处理技术(TMCP)+调质处理。吊臂用Q1100D钢板除具有高强度高硬度外,还需要适当的韧性,因此恰当的C、Mn配比非常重要,在添加提高淬透性的Cr、Mo、Ni等元素进行固溶强化以提高基体强度的基础上,采用Nb、V、Ti微合金化,结合TMCP技术得到细化的轧态组织,为后续热处理获得良好的性能奠定基础[5-6]。其热处理工艺为将钢加热至奥氏体化,随后进行淬火、低温回火处理获得强韧性良好的回火马氏体组织。由于包钢白云鄂博矿含有丰富的稀土,稀土元素具有球化夹杂物、净化钢质、细化晶粒、提高韧性等诸多优点,为了进一步提高钢材的综合性能,对钢进行稀土微合金化处理。
本文对包钢Q1100D钢板的焊接冷裂纹敏感性、焊接工艺及焊接接头组织、性能等进行试验研究,为制订合理焊接工艺提供依据。
试验选材为Q1100D钢板,板厚14 mm,板材状态为调质态(Q+T)。Q1100D钢板母材化学成分和力学性能见表1表2。母材金相组织为回火马氏体,见图1
根据母材的强度级别,焊材选择目前强度级别最高的ER120S-G,属于低强匹配[7-8]。ER120S-G是实心焊丝,规格为Φ1.2 mm。该焊丝熔敷金属力学性能:ReL≥989 MPa,Rm≥1 013 MPa,A≥15%,KV2≥90 J(-50 ℃)。
为研究Q1100D钢板的焊接性能,进行SH-CCT曲线的测定。按照标准YB/T 5126—2018《钢的临界点测定膨胀法》选择金相法和膨胀法的方式测SH-CCT曲线,试验机为Gleeble-3800,试验辅助硬度检测完善SH-CCT曲线。在板厚1/4处取加工试样,根据试验机夹具尺寸要求加工试样,见图2[9]
采用热膨胀法测平衡临界温度Ac1Ac3,测出钢板的Ac1为694 ℃,Ac3为901 ℃。通过Gleeble-3800试验机进行焊接过程热模拟,并得出冷却过程中的CCT曲线,见图3
图中实测点由膨胀曲线测得,CCT曲线由实测点拟合而成。不同冷速下的金相组织如图4所示。通过金相组织和SH-CCT曲线可以看出,在冷速为0.5 ℃/s时,金相组织中只存在贝氏体,说明组织在冷却过程中仅发生贝氏体的转变;在冷速为1~10 ℃/s区间时,金相组织中存在贝氏体和马氏体,说明组织在冷却过程中先发生贝氏体的转变,而后发生马氏体的转变;在冷速15~80 ℃/s区间时,金相组织中只存在马氏体,说明组织在冷却过程中仅发生马氏体的转变。
斜Y型坡口焊接裂纹敏感性试验方法俗称小铁研试验,是一种常用的定性评定材料裂纹倾向的试验方法。试样形状和尺寸如图5所示。试验先按照图5组装试板,然后双面焊接拘束焊缝,并且在焊接过程中要求不产生角变形和未焊透等影响焊接质量的缺陷。
根部焊道为应力集中位置,铁研试验通常评价打底焊工艺,焊接工艺条件见表3,本次试验打底焊热输入0.66 kJ/mm。在不预热条件下对14 mm厚的Q1100D钢板进行焊接裂纹试验,焊后的试样冷却并静置48 h后,采用表面渗透探伤观察试样焊缝表面和内部裂纹情况,并计算相应的裂纹率。
基于打底焊工艺(热输入0.66 kJ/mm)铁研试验结果,确定热输入对打底焊抗裂性的影响。选用14 mm厚Q1100D钢板,增加0.79 kJ/mm和1.05 kJ/mm热输入的铁研试验。不同热输入的焊接工艺条件见表4。不同热输入铁研试验为不预热条件下进行焊接裂纹试验,焊后的试件冷却并静置48 h后,采用表面渗透探伤观察试样焊缝表面和内部裂纹情况,并计算相应的裂纹率。
在不预热的条件下对14 mm厚的Q1100D钢板进行小热输入(0.66 kJ/m)焊接裂纹试验,表面裂纹率和断面裂纹率均为零,说明Q1100D钢板具有较好的抗冷裂性能,可以在室温下不预热焊接。
在不预热条件下对14 mm厚的Q1100D钢板进行不同热输入的铁研试验,结果表明,热输入为0.66 kJ/mm和0.79 kJ/mm时,表面裂纹率和断面裂纹率均为零,热输入为1.05 kJ/mm时,表面和断面未发现冷裂纹,但焊缝出现热裂纹,说明14 mm厚Q1100D钢板具有较好的抗冷裂性能,但在工程应用中应注意避免热裂纹。
较大热输入(1.05 kJ/mm)铁研试验结果表明14 mm厚Q1100D钢板表面裂纹率为零,断面裂纹率为9%。从形貌特征来判断,出现的裂纹不是冷裂纹,而是典型的结晶裂纹。分析其产生原因为较大热输入焊接接头的深宽比和熔合比较大,在大拘束的条件下,焊缝凝固收缩的焊接应力较大,将焊缝中心最后凝固的部位拉裂,由于深宽比较大,焊缝纵向焊接拉应力增大,导致焊缝柱状晶晶界被拉裂。
试验选择5种焊接热输入进行焊接接头组织、性能试验,研究热输入对焊接接头组织、性能的影响。
不同热输入焊接接头力学性能试验结果见表5。在0.66~1.29 kJ/mm的热输入下焊缝、熔合区、热影响区具有较好的冲击韧性,远远大于母材要求的27 J。随着热输入增加焊缝中心和熔合线的冲击吸收功有上升的趋势,热影响区冲击吸收功总体呈现先下降后上升的规律。接头具有较高的抗拉强度,强度均在1 000 MPa以上。
在热输入为1.05 kJ/mm的焊接条件下的焊接接头金相组织见图6,焊缝组织为针状铁素体+贝氏体,过热区组织为粗大的马氏体+贝氏体,正火区组织为细小的马氏体+贝氏体,不完全正火区组织为贝氏体+珠光体+铁素体+回火索氏体。
(1)测定Q1100D钢SH-CCT曲线,同时结合金相组织,可以得出,在冷速从0.5 ℃/s提高至80 ℃/s时,金相组织从只存在贝氏体到只存在马氏体变化。
(2)斜Y坡口裂纹敏感性试验结果表明,Q1100D钢板具有较好的抗冷裂性能,在热输入为0.66 kJ/mm、0.79 kJ/mm条件下可以实现室温下不预热焊接。
(3)不同热输入焊接接头力学性能试验结果表明,在0.66~1.29 kJ/mm的热输入下Q1100D钢板焊接接头均具有良好的拉伸、弯曲、冲击性能。
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2023年第49卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2023-08-12
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-12
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司薄板坯连铸连轧厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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