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Article(id=1198550347447894208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550344985837722, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)05-0046-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1691769600000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763686270820, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1698163200000, pubDateStr=2023-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763686270820, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763686270820, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763686270820, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198550344985837722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763686270233, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764231160152, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200835779015602647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550344985837722, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200835779015602648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550344985837722, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=46, endPage=49, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198550347808604363, articleId=1198550347447894208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Effects of Ti Microalloying on Quality and Properties of Casting Blank of 235 MPa Grade Carbon Structural Steel, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The frequent quality defect of corner crack for casting blank of carbon structural steel with conventional composition design of medium carbon and low manganese seriously affects the hot charge rate of products. With the original equipment and working conditions, composition optimization design is carried out. The mechanical properties of products are ensured through replacing part of C with microalloying element Ti as well as replacing solution strengthening with fine-grain strengthening and precipitation strengthening. Meanwhile, the high temperature plasticity and corner crack of casting blank are improved through liquation of second phase particle for TiN with the high temperature of Ti microalloying to fix free nitrogen atom in liquid steel. The rate of corner crack for carbon structural steel Q235B with new composition design is controlled effectively through the evaluations of mass production and applications.

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针对常规中碳与低锰成分系设计的碳素结构钢连铸坯常出现角裂的质量缺陷,严重影响产品热装率,在原有设备工况的条件下,开展成分优化设计,利用微合金化元素Ti置换部分C元素,通过细晶强化和析出强化替代固溶强化,保证产品的机械性能。同时,利用Ti微合金化的高温液析TiN第二相粒子固定钢液中游离的N原子,提高铸坯高温塑性,改善铸坯角裂。经批量化生产应用评价,采用新成分设计的碳素结构钢Q235B角裂率得到了有效控制。

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康 旭(1997-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事新产品开发工作。

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康 旭(1997-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事新产品开发工作。

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康 旭(1997-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事新产品开发工作。

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成分 C Si Mn P S N Ti
旧成分 0.17~0.19 ≤0.15 0.35~0.45 ≤0.020 ≤0.020
新成分 0.06~0.08 0.10~0.20 0.35~0.45 ≤0.020 ≤0.015 ≤0.006 0 0.030~0.040
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Q235B(B155C)产品新旧成分对比

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成分 C Si Mn P S N Ti
旧成分 0.17~0.19 ≤0.15 0.35~0.45 ≤0.020 ≤0.020
新成分 0.06~0.08 0.10~0.20 0.35~0.45 ≤0.020 ≤0.015 ≤0.006 0 0.030~0.040
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卷号 屈服强度/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 伸长率/% 冲击功/J
标准 ≥235 370~500 ≥26 ≥27
236103573 314 435 36.0 277
236103578 328 433 31.5 243
236103581 300 420 30.5 180
236103583 310 416 33.0 216
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Q235B(B155C)试制产品性能及标准要求

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卷号 屈服强度/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 伸长率/% 冲击功/J
标准 ≥235 370~500 ≥26 ≥27
236103573 314 435 36.0 277
236103578 328 433 31.5 243
236103581 300 420 30.5 180
236103583 310 416 33.0 216
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成分 C Si Mn P S N Ti
旧成分 0.16~0.18 ≤0.15 0.2~0.3 ≤0.025 ≤0.020
新成分 0.06~0.08 0.10~0.20 0.2~0.3 ≤0.020 ≤0.015 ≤0.006 0 0.025~0.035
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薄规格Q235B(B155B)产品新旧成分对比

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成分 C Si Mn P S N Ti
旧成分 0.16~0.18 ≤0.15 0.2~0.3 ≤0.025 ≤0.020
新成分 0.06~0.08 0.10~0.20 0.2~0.3 ≤0.020 ≤0.015 ≤0.006 0 0.025~0.035
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卷号 屈服强度
/MPa		 抗拉强度
/MPa		 伸长率
/%		 冲击功
/J
标准 ≥235 370~500 ≥26 ≥27
236112295 437 443 32.0 109
236115813 357 424 36.5 238
236112285 409 458 35.0
236112271 365 429 31.0 112
236112331 332 420 33.0 223
236115814 353 437 35.0 221
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Q235B(B155C)试制产品性能及标准要求

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卷号 屈服强度
/MPa		 抗拉强度
/MPa		 伸长率
/%		 冲击功
/J
标准 ≥235 370~500 ≥26 ≥27
236112295 437 443 32.0 109
236115813 357 424 36.5 238
236112285 409 458 35.0
236112271 365 429 31.0 112
236112331 332 420 33.0 223
236115814 353 437 35.0 221
), ArticleFig(id=1198680519518028305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550347447894208, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
厚度
/mm		 出炉温度
/℃		 精轧终轧温度
/℃		 卷取温度
/℃
5.0~6.0 1 245±20 885±15 670±20
6.0~10.0 1 225±20 875±15 670±20
10.0~12.7 1 205±20 865±15 650±20
12.7~20.0 1 205±20 850±15 650±20
20.0~25.4 1 205±20 850±15 640±20
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产品热轧工艺参数

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厚度
/mm		 出炉温度
/℃		 精轧终轧温度
/℃		 卷取温度
/℃
5.0~6.0 1 245±20 885±15 670±20
6.0~10.0 1 225±20 875±15 670±20
10.0~12.7 1 205±20 865±15 650±20
12.7~20.0 1 205±20 850±15 650±20
20.0~25.4 1 205±20 850±15 640±20
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钢种 优化前 优化后
检查块数
/块		 边裂块数
/块		 合格块数
/块		 边裂发生率
/%		 检查块数
/块		 边裂块数
/块		 合格块数
/块		 边裂发生率
/%
Q235B(B155B) 100 27 73 27 100 0 100 0
Q235B(B155C) 100 23 77 23 100 0 100 0
合计 200 50 150 25 200 0 200 0
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新旧成分系角裂率对比

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钢种 优化前 优化后
检查块数
/块		 边裂块数
/块		 合格块数
/块		 边裂发生率
/%		 检查块数
/块		 边裂块数
/块		 合格块数
/块		 边裂发生率
/%
Q235B(B155B) 100 27 73 27 100 0 100 0
Q235B(B155C) 100 23 77 23 100 0 100 0
合计 200 50 150 25 200 0 200 0
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Ti微合金化对235 MPa级碳素结构钢铸坯质量、性能的影响
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康旭 1 , 宿成 1 , 刘妍 1 , 董磊 1 , 韩玉龙 2 , 李彬 3
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2023,49(5): 46-49
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2023, 49(5): 46-49
Ti微合金化对235 MPa级碳素结构钢铸坯质量、性能的影响
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康旭1, 宿成1, 刘妍1, 董磊1, 韩玉龙2, 李彬3
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 3 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司稀土钢板材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010

    • 康 旭(1997-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事新产品开发工作。

Effects of Ti Microalloying on Quality and Properties of Casting Blank of 235 MPa Grade Carbon Structural Steel
Xu Kang1, Cheng Su1, Yan Liu1, Lei Dong1, Yu-long Han2, Bin Li3
Affiliations
  • 1 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Manufacturing Dept. of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 3 Rare Earth Steel Plate Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-10-25
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摘要
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针对常规中碳与低锰成分系设计的碳素结构钢连铸坯常出现角裂的质量缺陷,严重影响产品热装率,在原有设备工况的条件下,开展成分优化设计,利用微合金化元素Ti置换部分C元素,通过细晶强化和析出强化替代固溶强化,保证产品的机械性能。同时,利用Ti微合金化的高温液析TiN第二相粒子固定钢液中游离的N原子,提高铸坯高温塑性,改善铸坯角裂。经批量化生产应用评价,采用新成分设计的碳素结构钢Q235B角裂率得到了有效控制。

碳素结构钢Q235B  /  Ti微合金化  /  铸坯质量  /  力学性能

The frequent quality defect of corner crack for casting blank of carbon structural steel with conventional composition design of medium carbon and low manganese seriously affects the hot charge rate of products. With the original equipment and working conditions, composition optimization design is carried out. The mechanical properties of products are ensured through replacing part of C with microalloying element Ti as well as replacing solution strengthening with fine-grain strengthening and precipitation strengthening. Meanwhile, the high temperature plasticity and corner crack of casting blank are improved through liquation of second phase particle for TiN with the high temperature of Ti microalloying to fix free nitrogen atom in liquid steel. The rate of corner crack for carbon structural steel Q235B with new composition design is controlled effectively through the evaluations of mass production and applications.

carbon structural steel Q235B  /  Ti microalloying  /  quality of casting blank  /  mechanical property
康旭, 宿成, 刘妍, 董磊, 韩玉龙, 李彬. Ti微合金化对235 MPa级碳素结构钢铸坯质量、性能的影响. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (5) : 46 -49 .
Xu Kang, Cheng Su, Yan Liu, Lei Dong, Yu-long Han, Bin Li. Effects of Ti Microalloying on Quality and Properties of Casting Blank of 235 MPa Grade Carbon Structural Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (5) : 46 -49 .
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碳素结构钢中以中碳低锰成分设计为代表的Q235B钢是目前钢铁企业生产量最大、市场应用最广的钢铁产品之一,由于其良好的性价比,Q235B钢板成为工程机械行业主要材料。随着生产厂1 650 mm和2 150 mm连铸机长期高负荷的连续服役,其设备精度不断降低,对于生产中碳低锰的碳素钢Q235B铸坯易发生角裂缺陷,加大了人工火焰清理角部缺陷的工作量,一方面,降低了成材率;另一方面,下线处理铸坯缺陷,严重影响热装组产,增加了加热能耗,一度成为钢厂迫切需要攻关解决的难题。2023年初,生产厂生产的Q235B产品频繁出现角裂问题。本文立足于现状,通过调整Q235B产品成分,用“低碳+Ti”的成分设计理念代替当前产品的“中碳+Mn”成分系,利用Ti微合金化的高温液析TiN第二相粒子固定钢液中游离的N原子,减少或避免低温奥氏体向铁素体转变时沿一次铁素体晶界AlN第二相粒子析出,提高钢材的高温第三脆性区的韧性[1-2],以此提高铸坯矫直区材料韧性,消除Q235B结构钢为代表的碳锰钢铸坯角裂缺陷。
1 成分工艺控制
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1.1 铸坯质量问题
铸坯在连铸过程中出现的缺陷很多,尤其表面缺陷最为严重,如表面裂纹、气孔、表面夹渣等等。据统计[3],铸坯中最常见和数量最多的表面质量缺陷就是裂纹,其比例约占各类缺陷的50%以上。图1为铸坯横裂纹实物图。
1.2 成分优化
针对铸坯角裂问题,调整Q235B产品成分设计,用“低碳+Ti”的成分设计理念代替当前产品的“中碳+Mn”成分系。2023年6月,稀土钢板材厂试制首批厚度为12.70~25.40 mm的厚规格Q235B(B155C)产品,采用高炉铁水→KR脱硫→转炉冶炼→LF精炼→板坯连铸工艺,得到230 mm厚度的连铸板坯,其设计成分如表1所示。
统计首批试制产品性能与标准要求对比如表2所示。
试制产品各项性能均符合预期指标,以同样思路试制厚度为5.0~12.7 mm薄规格Q235B(B155B)产品,其设计成分如表3所示。
统计试制薄规格产品性能与标准要求对比如表4所示。
Q235B试制产品各项性能均符合预期指标,可开展批量生产。
1.3 热轧工艺设计
根据产品订单厚度要求,制定热轧工艺如表5所示。
2 产品性能分析
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2.1 生产情况
截至10月,2023年共生产5.0~25.40 mm厚度Q235B产品554炉,其中厚度12.70~25.40 mm厚规格Q235B旧成分系(中碳+Mn)产品149炉,新成分系(低碳+Ti)产品140炉;厚度5.0~12.7 mm薄规格Q235B旧成分系(中碳+Mn)产品215炉,新成分系(低碳+Ti)产品50炉。
2.2 性能对比
图2为厚度为5.0~12.7 mm薄规格Q235B(B155B)新旧成分系下拉伸性能对比。数据显示,同一成分系下,随着产品厚度的增加,热轧总压缩比减小,强度富余量下降;同厚度不同成分系下,“低碳+Ti”成分系下产品屈服强度高于旧成分系约50 MPa。对于抗拉强度,含Ti成分系下产品波动较大,整体数据取均值比较,两者相差8 MPa。两种成分系下,产品延伸率均值相差0.1个百分点,屈强比相差0.14。综合分析,新成分系下含Ti产品屈服强度富余量较大,抗拉强度与延伸率变化不明显。
图3为厚度12.70~25.40 mm厚规格Q235B(B155C)新旧成分系下拉伸性能对比。数据显示,对于厚规格Q235B,新成分系下产品屈服强度高于旧成分约57 MPa,抗拉强度降低20 MPa,延伸率两者相差不明显,20 ℃冲击功新成分系高旧成分系约90 J。
2.3 铸坯质量
与现场连铸作业部联系,取新旧成分系下的Q235B产品各200块板坯统计角裂率如表6所示,旧成分系铸坯角裂率高达25%,严重影响热装率,新成分系下的Q235B铸坯暂未出现角裂现象。
3 结论
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(1)为了改善碳素结构钢Q235B铸坯角裂缺陷的频繁发生,在设备工况不变的前提下,通过优化产品成分设计,铸坯角裂得到了根治,一次合格率达到了100%,提高了组产热装率和生产效率,实现了产品的提质增效。
(2)通过成分优化,采用微合金化元素Ti的细晶强化和析出强化替代C元素的固溶强化,产品各项性能均满足产品标准要求。整体比较,采用新成分产品屈服强度呈现升高趋势,抗拉强度呈下降趋势,延伸率变化不明显,冲击功提高。
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参考文献 引证文献
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葛紫薇, 张婧, 辛文彬, 等. Nb-V-Ti-N微合金化结构钢中碳氮化物析出的热力学分析与实验研究[J]. 稀有金属与硬质合金, 2022, 50(3):57-64,71.
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赵素, 张立, 徐国栋, 等. 微合金钢连铸坯角横裂的研究进展[J]. 世界钢铁, 2011, 11(1):42-49.
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  • 接收时间：2023-08-12
  • 首发时间：2025-11-21
  • 出版时间：2023-10-25
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  • 收稿日期：2023-08-12
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部,内蒙古 包头 014010
    3 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司稀土钢板材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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