Article(id=1198550345724035227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550344985837722, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)05-0030-03, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1686585600000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763686270408, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1698163200000, pubDateStr=2023-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763686270408, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763686270408, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763686270408, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198550344985837722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763686270233, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764231160152, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200835779015602647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550344985837722, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200835779015602648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550344985837722, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=30, endPage=32, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198550346000859296, articleId=1198550345724035227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Practices on Hot Charging and Feeding Technology for Continuous Casting Billet in Production Line of Wide and Thick Plate of Baotou Steel, columnId=1187100781414069182, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The production rhythm of production line could be significantly improved and energy consumption per ton of steel of production line could be reduced by increasing hot charging and feeding rate of production line. In the paper, the characteristics of production line of hot charging and feeding for continuous casting billet of wide and thick plate of Baotou Steel are introduced. The hot charging and feeding rate of production line of wide and thick plate could be effectively increased through taking such measures as increasing the feedback speed of results for samples of compositions of molten steel in tundish and surface and internal qualities of plate blank as well as controlling hot charge cracks of steel plate.

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提高产线热装热送率,可以显著提高产线的生产节奏,降低产线的吨钢能耗。文章介绍了包钢宽厚板连铸坯热装热送生产线的特点。通过多项措施提高了宽厚板生产线连铸坯热装热送率。结果表明,采取提高中间包钢水成分试样结果的反馈速度、提高板坯表面质量和内部质量、控制钢板热装裂纹等措施,可有效提高宽厚板生产线连铸坯热装热送率。

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刘 巍(1988-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事连铸生产计划管理及专业技术工作。

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刘 巍(1988-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事连铸生产计划管理及专业技术工作。

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刘 巍(1988-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事连铸生产计划管理及专业技术工作。

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项目 参数
垂直弧长/mm 2 605
主半径/mm 9 500
连铸机长度/mm 39 355
板坯宽度/mm 1 200~2 300
板坯厚度/mm 200/250/300
垂直结晶器长度/mm 900
结晶器振幅/mm 2~10
结晶器振动频率/Hz 130~160
工作拉速/(m·min-1) 0.3~2.0
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包钢宽厚板连铸机主要性能参数

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项目 参数
垂直弧长/mm 2 605
主半径/mm 9 500
连铸机长度/mm 39 355
板坯宽度/mm 1 200~2 300
板坯厚度/mm 200/250/300
垂直结晶器长度/mm 900
结晶器振幅/mm 2~10
结晶器振动频率/Hz 130~160
工作拉速/(m·min-1) 0.3~2.0
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年份 热装率/% 轧机年产量/万t 商品坯材/万t
2021 61.4 147.5 135.9
2022 65.3 145.7 142.1
2023 77.8 159.3 152.5
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包钢宽厚板生产线热装热送率与年产量

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年份 热装率/% 轧机年产量/万t 商品坯材/万t
2021 61.4 147.5 135.9
2022 65.3 145.7 142.1
2023 77.8 159.3 152.5
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包钢宽厚板生产线连铸坯热装热送工艺实践
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刘巍 , 王开慧 , 白云龙 , 李雪莉 , 刘洋 , 李鑫
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2023,49(5): 30-32
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2023, 49(5): 30-32
包钢宽厚板生产线连铸坯热装热送工艺实践
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刘巍, 王开慧, 白云龙, 李雪莉, 刘洋, 李鑫
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 刘 巍(1988-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事连铸生产计划管理及专业技术工作。

Practices on Hot Charging and Feeding Technology for Continuous Casting Billet in Production Line of Wide and Thick Plate of Baotou Steel
Wei Liu, Kai-hui Wang, Yun-long Bai, Xue-li Li, Yang Liu, Xin Li
Affiliations
  • Manufacturing Dept. of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-10-25
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提高产线热装热送率,可以显著提高产线的生产节奏,降低产线的吨钢能耗。文章介绍了包钢宽厚板连铸坯热装热送生产线的特点。通过多项措施提高了宽厚板生产线连铸坯热装热送率。结果表明,采取提高中间包钢水成分试样结果的反馈速度、提高板坯表面质量和内部质量、控制钢板热装裂纹等措施,可有效提高宽厚板生产线连铸坯热装热送率。

热装热送  /  宽厚板  /  热装裂纹

The production rhythm of production line could be significantly improved and energy consumption per ton of steel of production line could be reduced by increasing hot charging and feeding rate of production line. In the paper, the characteristics of production line of hot charging and feeding for continuous casting billet of wide and thick plate of Baotou Steel are introduced. The hot charging and feeding rate of production line of wide and thick plate could be effectively increased through taking such measures as increasing the feedback speed of results for samples of compositions of molten steel in tundish and surface and internal qualities of plate blank as well as controlling hot charge cracks of steel plate.

hot charging and feeding  /  wide and thick plate  /  hot charge cracks
刘巍, 王开慧, 白云龙, 李雪莉, 刘洋, 李鑫. 包钢宽厚板生产线连铸坯热装热送工艺实践. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (5) : 30 -32 .
Wei Liu, Kai-hui Wang, Yun-long Bai, Xue-li Li, Yang Liu, Xin Li. Practices on Hot Charging and Feeding Technology for Continuous Casting Billet in Production Line of Wide and Thick Plate of Baotou Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (5) : 30 -32 .
随着我国经济结构逐步向绿色低碳发展转型,各行各业都在积极寻求更具可持续性、包容性和韧性的经济增长方式,钢铁行业所面临的形势愈加严重,降碳降本、节能降耗成为各钢厂实现绿色低碳发展的主要方向。发展于20世纪70年代的连铸坯热装热送技术,可以充分利用红坯显热,降低铸坯在炉时间,提高轧制节奏,达到节能降本和提产降本的双重目的[1]
包钢宽厚板生产线于2008年投产,针对产线热装热送进行了大量研究,对影响产线热装热送率的因素进行了攻关,取得了一定节能降耗及提产效果,对推广宽厚板产线热装热送工艺有一定的借鉴作用。
包钢宽厚板连铸机投产于2008年,由达涅力冶金设备有限公司设计制造,设计年产能152万t。配备国内先进的基础自动化级、二级过程控制级和生产管理三级控制系统。表1为连铸机主要技术参数。
包钢宽厚板连铸机生产线和宽厚板轧机生产线相邻,铸坯火焰切割与加热炉之间的距离为81.33 m。进行热装热送设计时,在铸坯火焰切割切割辊道与加热炉之间铺设了上料辊道,使得铸机产出的合格铸坯经过火焰切割、去毛刺、喷号等工序后,可由辊道直接运输至轧机加热炉,为热装热送创造了有利的基础条件。由于宽厚板铸机结晶器断面分为200 mm、250 mm、300 mm三个主要断面,各断面上通钢量不同、板坯单重不同造成铸机、轧机生产能力匹配不同,所以在上料辊道附近设计了临时垛位,当轧机停机消缺或需要挑选过渡坯中断热装时,临时垛位可容纳部分红坯以待后续上线进行温装。图1为包钢宽厚板热装热送生产线工艺流程图。
虽然包钢宽厚板生产线设计初就考虑了热装热送的铸坯运输问题,但实现高热装热送率事实上是一项从冶炼到加热炉的系统工程,要求铸坯质量稳定,检化验速度匹配,火焰切割速度匹配,以及炼钢、轧制计划与加热、轧制工艺匹配。热装热送生产线试运行后,还需要在实践中不断摸索创新,采取一系列技术和管理措施,才能达到稳步提高热装率,实现最佳的热装效果。
铸坯入炉前,必须先判断铸坯代表成分(中间包钢水成分)是否满足装炉需求,盲目提高红坯装炉节奏会导致未经检验的铸坯直接入炉,容易造成批量质量事故,因此检化验速度和制度必须要满足热装热送要求。包钢宽厚板连铸机沿用中间包钢液取样作为铸坯代表样,连铸机长度不到40 m,想要将试样结果纳入红坯入炉条件,对取样、送样、检验和结果上传速度都是极大的挑战。包钢宽厚板连铸机主要从取送样制度着手,通过提高取样成功率、确保送样及时性、严格的检验制度、配合临时垛位作为缓冲,满足了热装需求。
对于热装热送来说,首先要解决的是铸坯质量问题,生产无缺陷铸坯,是实现热装热送的前提条件。包钢宽厚板生产线在提高热装热送率的过程中,从冶炼成分稳定、保护浇注、恒拉速、长连浇、二冷水雾冷却均匀化等方面入手,逐步提高铸坯一次合格率,适应了热装热送的要求。
钢水质量、结晶器振动、润滑、搅拌、冷却、二冷区冷却、传动、结晶器-扇形段弧度等都会影响铸坯表面质量。
钢水温度的稳定性对铸坯表面质量影响较大,钢水温度过高,坯壳变薄,坯壳应力大,容易引起板坯纵裂;钢水温度过低,则不利于钢水流动,容易引发絮钢,对中间包冶金也会产生负面影响。这方面除了控制冶炼过程外,也可以通过中间包控温手段来缩小浇注过程中钢水温度波动范围。
结晶器振动从形式上讲主要有液压振动和机械振动两种,从原理上讲,液压振动的偏振情况要明显优于机械振动。无论选择哪种振动装置,都能通过选择合适的波型控制负滑脱时间、控制偏振等手段来达到理想的振动效果。优秀的结晶器振动配合合理的保护渣选择,能够为初生坯壳提供良好的形成环境,为控制铸坯表面缺陷奠定基础。
近年来的连铸新技术中,结晶器电磁制动对铸坯表面质量改善最为明显,新式的结晶器制动技术功能也不断完善加强。目前看,结晶器电磁搅拌(制动)主要通过降低钢水冲击流股的速度、降低钢水冲击流股的湍动能、改善结晶器内流场的非对称性、减小结晶器内钢水流股穿透深度、平整弯月面并提高弯月面钢水温度、平静钢水液面、减少液面波动和卷渣等方面来提高铸坯表面质量[2]
包钢宽厚板热装热送生产线有两个有利于热装的特点,一是成品钢板宽度大于铸坯宽度,即轧制过程存在展宽道次,利用这一特点,通过选择合适的浇注断面控制展宽比,使铸坯表面部分类型的轻微裂纹通过展宽道次延展消除,提高了薄规格钢板对应铸坯的热装率;二是二冷区各排喷嘴较多,分区控制调整足够灵活,经过长期实践摸索,总结出了针对不同钢种、不同拉速的配水配气方案。为了进一步提高水雾冷却中水与气的混合度,宽厚板热装热送生产线对扇形段喷淋条喷嘴进行了改造,增加偏导配件,消除了传统气雾冷却喷嘴使用过程中水在喷嘴中心区域密集而气在喷嘴边缘密集的现象,使得冷却均匀度得到提高,其工作原理见图2
包钢宽厚板热装热送生产线主要采取稳定结晶器-扇形段弧度、液相穴末端轻压下、末端电磁搅拌等手段来控制铸坯内部质量。其中扇形段辊缝值偏差和对弧精度是质量控制的基础。末端电磁搅拌的主要作用是打碎偏析,但末端电磁搅拌对液相的冲刷作用,会在铸坯厚度1/4和3/4处产生负偏析带(白亮带),容易导致钢板探伤不合。所以在使用电磁搅拌时,要根据钢种制定合理的搅拌制度。末端轻压下的使用效果主要取决于液相穴末端的液芯形状的合理控制和压下位置、压下量的合理选择。通常情况下压下量越大则内部质量越好,但是液压系统在长时间维持极限压力的情况下,容易导致相关机械结构受损,如瓦座移位坍塌、辊缝间隙(轴隙、油隙)变化等情况,影响设备寿命且对铸坯质量产生负面影响。
包钢宽厚板生产线在采取各种手段逐步扩大热装钢种范围和热装量的过程中,发现了部分裂纹敏感钢种,热装后会出现表面裂纹,即热装裂纹。有文献指出,其形成原因主要是红坯在入炉前的不同热履历会导致铸坯组织演变过程的不同,进而影响轧制前铸坯的奥氏体晶粒度大小及均匀性,最终在晶界处形成热装裂纹的发源地[3]
根据这一理论,控制热装裂纹的要点就是控制板坯入炉时的板坯表层温度,需要让入炉温度避开诱发热装裂纹的温度范围。包钢宽厚板铸机根据产线条件,结合上述裂纹成因,制定了两种解决方案,一种是针对铸坯表面质量较容易控制的钢种,尽量提高入炉温度;另一种方法是针对未能高温入炉的铸坯(包括裂纹敏感钢种和工艺条件发生变化的特定铸坯),在上料辊道上加装了板坯表面在线冷却装置,在热装板坯入炉前,针对表层温度在两相区对应温度区间的铸坯进行表层快速冷却,降低表层温度,避开诱发热装裂纹的温度范围。
表2可以看出,通过采取一系列提高宽厚板生产线热装热送率的措施,2023年包钢宽厚板生产线热装热送率较2021年和2022年有较大提高,产线年产量也同步提高。
通过合理调整电磁搅拌、合理调整动态轻压下、稳定钢水质量、合理调整结晶器流场、调整扇形段冷却和控制铸坯入炉温度等措施,达到稳定铸坯表面和内部质量的目的,产线热装热送率由65.3%提高至77.8%,轧机年产量由145.7万t提高至159.3万t,同年商品坯材产出量也对应提高。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
段朋朋. 宽厚板红送裂纹控制技术的研究与应用[J]. 冶金信息导刊, 2020, 57(6):27-31.
[2]
秦梦泽. 结晶器电磁制动技术的研究[J]. 问题研究, 2021, 3(39):55-61.
[3]
韩孝永. 连铸板坯热送热装技术的应用[J]. 有色金属, 2007, 59(1):56-58.
2023年第49卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2023-06-13
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-13
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    内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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