Article(id=1198277732221157584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198277724201644449, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)03-0013-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1678032000000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763621274285, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1687622400000, pubDateStr=2023-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763621274285, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763621274285, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763621274285, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198277724201644449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763621272373, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763621583776, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198279030370829084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198277724201644449, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198279030370829085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198277724201644449, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=13, endPage=16, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198277732619616466, articleId=1198277732221157584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Production Practices on Stabilizing Moisture of Mixture for 500 m2 Sintering Machine, columnId=1187100781414069182, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The stability of moisture of mixture is directly related to the granulation effect of sintering and heat transfer rate in sintering process so that the quality index of sinter is affected. It is found out that the main factors influencing stability of moisture of mixture include the moisture of iron charge, blending process as well as addition of fly ash and cold return fine through the comprehensive analysis on moisture of each crude fuel for 500 m2 sintering machine of Baotou Steel and factors influencing moisture of mixture. The stability of moisture of mixture is obviously improved and black pipes at sintering machine tail are reduced through producing process monitor and control of moisture of each iron charge, adjusting and optimizing production technologies as well as formulating corresponding measures such as production and operation methods and technical improvement of equipment so that such indexes as the qualified rate of alkalinity for finished sinter, stability of FeO, qualified rates of drum strength and average particle size are with year-on-year increase.

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混合料水分的稳定性直接关系烧结的制粒效果及烧结过程传热速度,影响烧结矿的质量指标。通过对包钢500 m2烧结机各种原燃料的水分及影响混合料水分的因素进行全面分析,发现影响混合料水分稳定性的主要因素为铁料水分、配料过程及除尘灰、冷返矿添加等。通过对各种铁料水分开展生产过程监控及对生产工艺调整优化,制定相应的生产操作方法及设备技改等措施,混合料水分稳定性明显提高,烧结机机尾黑色管道减少,成品烧结矿碱度合格率、FeO稳定率、转鼓强度合格率、平均粒径合格率等指标同比提高。

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武鹏祥(1983-),男,内蒙古和林格尔县人,硕士,工程师,现从事生产运行管理工作。

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武鹏祥(1983-),男,内蒙古和林格尔县人,硕士,工程师,现从事生产运行管理工作。

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武鹏祥(1983-),男,内蒙古和林格尔县人,硕士,工程师,现从事生产运行管理工作。

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料种 配加比例 水分
巴润管道精矿 38.83 9.73
区内矿 2.15 6.98
WPF粉矿 12.14 7.06
澳矿粉 34.72 7.51
巴西粗粉 4.77 7.68
除尘灰 2.50 0.82
生石灰 4.89 0.91
混匀矿 100.00 7.82
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主要料种配加比例及含水量(质量分数)%

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料种 配加比例 水分
巴润管道精矿 38.83 9.73
区内矿 2.15 6.98
WPF粉矿 12.14 7.06
澳矿粉 34.72 7.51
巴西粗粉 4.77 7.68
除尘灰 2.50 0.82
生石灰 4.89 0.91
混匀矿 100.00 7.82
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稳定500 m2烧结机混合料水分生产实践
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武鹏祥 1 , 贺文华 2 , 全子伟 2 , 石祥 2
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2023,49(3): 13-16
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2023, 49(3): 13-16
稳定500 m2烧结机混合料水分生产实践
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武鹏祥1, 贺文华2, 全子伟2, 石祥2
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司稀土钢炼铁厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 武鹏祥(1983-),男,内蒙古和林格尔县人,硕士,工程师,现从事生产运行管理工作。

Production Practices on Stabilizing Moisture of Mixture for 500 m2 Sintering Machine
Peng-xiang Wu1, Wen-hua He2, Zi-wei Quan2, Xiang Shi2
Affiliations
  • 1 Manufacturing Dept. of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd.,Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Rare Earth Steel Iron-making Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd.,Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-06-25
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混合料水分的稳定性直接关系烧结的制粒效果及烧结过程传热速度,影响烧结矿的质量指标。通过对包钢500 m2烧结机各种原燃料的水分及影响混合料水分的因素进行全面分析,发现影响混合料水分稳定性的主要因素为铁料水分、配料过程及除尘灰、冷返矿添加等。通过对各种铁料水分开展生产过程监控及对生产工艺调整优化,制定相应的生产操作方法及设备技改等措施,混合料水分稳定性明显提高,烧结机机尾黑色管道减少,成品烧结矿碱度合格率、FeO稳定率、转鼓强度合格率、平均粒径合格率等指标同比提高。

烧结机  /  混合料水分  /  制粒效果  /  传热速度

The stability of moisture of mixture is directly related to the granulation effect of sintering and heat transfer rate in sintering process so that the quality index of sinter is affected. It is found out that the main factors influencing stability of moisture of mixture include the moisture of iron charge, blending process as well as addition of fly ash and cold return fine through the comprehensive analysis on moisture of each crude fuel for 500 m2 sintering machine of Baotou Steel and factors influencing moisture of mixture. The stability of moisture of mixture is obviously improved and black pipes at sintering machine tail are reduced through producing process monitor and control of moisture of each iron charge, adjusting and optimizing production technologies as well as formulating corresponding measures such as production and operation methods and technical improvement of equipment so that such indexes as the qualified rate of alkalinity for finished sinter, stability of FeO, qualified rates of drum strength and average particle size are with year-on-year increase.

sintering machine  /  moisture of mixture  /  granulation effect  /  heat transfer rate
武鹏祥, 贺文华, 全子伟, 石祥. 稳定500 m2烧结机混合料水分生产实践. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (3) : 13 -16 .
Peng-xiang Wu, Wen-hua He, Zi-wei Quan, Xiang Shi. Production Practices on Stabilizing Moisture of Mixture for 500 m2 Sintering Machine[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (3) : 13 -16 .
烧结矿在高炉入炉原料中占比约75%左右,是高炉冶炼最主要的铁料,对于高炉冶炼及下游工序生产起着举足轻重的作用。烧结混合料水分稳定性直接影响混合料的透气性,烧结混合料的透气性对烧结矿的质量和烧结机的生产作业率又有很大影响。包钢500 m2烧结机自投产以来,由于铁料结构变化频繁,烧结过程水分的控制在不停的变化,最初是用负压来衡量混合料水分的大小,取得了一定的效果,但是这种措施只能衡量铁料结构不变时水分变化的总体趋势,机尾烧结料层依旧出现黑色的管道。对此进行攻关,起初认为是松料器及梭式布料偏析造成,取消松料器同时对布料偏析进行攻关,机尾黑色管道有减弱的趋势,但并未完全消除,经过长时间的观察,发现与混合料水分变化有直接关系,水分波动是烧结料层出现黑色管道且容易被忽视的关键原因,因此保证混合料水分的稳定,能够有效提高成品烧结矿的质量。
针对目前包钢原燃料结构情况,通过长时间生产写实及技术摸索,发现影响混合料水分稳定性的主要因素有铁料水分、配料过程及除尘灰、冷返矿的加入等。找出影响因素后,通过控制变量法逐一对照工艺过程分析原因,采取有效措施控制水分波动。
(1)自产精矿通过矿浆管道经二过滤进入料场,进口矿粉经天津港口用火车、汽车拉运到包钢,受雨季、旱季气候影响,不同季节铁料含水量波动较大。冬季通过蒸气预热为混合料提温,提温过程中蒸气通入干扰水分的稳定,在混合料进入一混、二混生产过程中,混合料的料流变化、水压及流量波动造成混合料水分产生波动[1]
(2)配料、上料、混料等工艺环节产生断料、停料、下料不均衡等情况造成混合料水分变化。
(3)生石灰打水消化对烧结混合料加水量的控制影响较大。相关研究表明,每100 t生石灰发生消化反应需要消耗的水量为20 t左右[2]
(4)除尘灰消化过程、加入量及加入比例对水分产生影响。
(5)冷返矿一般粒度较大,与铁精粉粒度偏差较大,混合使用对于造块及混合、混匀不利,局部水分不均匀造成烧结过程料温不恒定。
由于铁料种类较多,混匀料场各料条的混匀矿水分都不一样,生产过程中稳定铁料水分主要结合500 m2烧结机用料及控制不同铁料水分波动两方面制定措施。烧结混匀矿主要料种配加比例及含水量见表1
生产中采取写实记录等方法,实时监控进入混匀料条的巴润管道精矿、进口粉矿等铁料的水分,详细记录每批次生产原料数据,存档后作为储备数据对其分析使用,通过对每个料条的铁料水分加权平均计算一个总的混匀矿水分,并将当前生产堆取用料与历史数据水分进行比对,分析烧结混合料水分变化趋势。
水分在烧结工艺中的主要起制粒、导热、润滑、助燃等作用。水分高,透气性不均匀,容易产生局部夹生现象,影响烧结机产量和烧结矿质量。水分低,直接导致制粒效果差,垂速下降,产量降低。实际生产操作中依据水分波动科学地进行工艺调整。通过查阅文献及多年生产总结发现,同一配料结构下,烧结过程所需水分为定值。假设物料原始带入水分一定,则加入水量也一定,且加水量与混合料上料量之间呈线性关系[3]
即:加水量=(实测水分值-水分设定值)×上料量设定值。
通过混合机出口水分仪实测混合料水分,混合料水分实测值为7.82%,正常控制设定在7.60%,烧结机按日产15 000 t计算,每小时上料量约为625 t,通过加水量计算公式计算如下:
加水量=(7.82-7.60)×625=137.5 t
理论计算加水比例为:加水量/上料量=137.5/625=0.22。
实际生产经验总结发现,将混合机加水量按1∶0.2进行调整,可实现混合料水分稳定,与理论计算值相符。
生产中优化配料室下料方式,配料操作严格监控配料室下料量,要求每个单料种配料误差小于±0.5%。在加减料批和配料结构发生变化时,计算实际下料量与配比误差值,勤分析原料、给料量、配比和烧结矿的成分,减少料批和物料的变化及波动对混合料水分的影响,生产实践总结发现5个混匀矿槽同时下料,可有效减小混匀矿水分波动。
包钢500 m2烧结机在配料工艺中,各种原燃料按照顺序依次配在一条皮带上,皮带上各种原燃料分层进入混合机,而生石灰在皮带机的最上层,因为没有其他原燃料的覆盖,进入混合机后生石灰偏析,在消化过程中吸收大量水分,导致混合料水分局部偏析严重,并最终造成混合料水分不均匀。针对上述情况,在混101及混201皮带上安装混合料犁合装置,通过设备改造提高混合料水分稳定性,在原料进入混合机之前进行初步混匀,以此消除布料不均匀及生石灰偏析造成的水分波动。
除尘灰主要特征是粒度细、铁品位高、亲水性较差、不易浸湿。包钢500 m2烧结机内部除尘灰通过气力输灰输送到配料矿槽,一般按2.5%的比例配加,由于受铁料种类及烧结过程稳定性的影响,造成除尘灰配比不能完全固定,在调整配比过程中加湿后的除尘灰存入配料仓等待集中配用的过程中,时常发生板结、蓬仓等现象,造成出料不匀,从而导致整个工序不稳定,也会造成混合料水分波动。经过分析主要原因是由于湿润后的除尘灰吸水能力很强,且完全湿透黏性较大,而干燥的除尘灰不易浸湿,亲水性较差的特征也需要重视。经过长期生产实践摸索发现,在除尘灰的下料口对除尘灰加湿,保证加湿后的除尘灰全部湿润不起团,且为粉状为最佳,操作中混匀矿每配加1%的除尘灰,加水量增加0.1 t,按此比例调整后混合料水分稳定性提高明显。
由于冷返矿的料温不恒定,配加冷返矿后,混合料水分波动,造成烧结过程中热量传导不均匀,因此对冷返矿的料温进行实时监控是非常必要的。包钢500 m2烧结机在冷返配料秤上安装测温仪用以实时监控料温。生产实践摸索发现,返矿温度提高5~8 ℃,混合机增加打水量0.1 t,可有效防止冷返矿料温波动影响混合料水分。
通过上述措施的实施,混合料水分稳定在7.5%~7.8%左右,稳定性有了明显提高,烧结机机尾黑色管道明显减少,见图1图2
碱度(CaO/SiO2)是烧结生产提高产量和质量的基础,大量的科学研究和生产实践证明,烧结矿的最佳碱度范围为1.9~2.3,高炉炼铁生产中降低烧结矿碱度和减少球团的使用比例,都会给高炉主要操作指标造成影响,高炉合理的炉料结构应重在发挥高碱度烧结矿的优良冶金性能和酸性炉料高品位、低渣量的优势,才有利于高炉主要操作指标的改善,通过图3对比分析可以看出2022年上半年碱度合格率同比提高1.5个百分点。
烧结矿FeO含量是影响其还原性的主要因素,也影响高炉的燃料比和产量。正因如此,低FeO含量、高还原性始终是烧结生产追求的目标。由于烧结矿是渣相固结,烧结需要满足强度要求,生产中要高度重视FeO含量的稳定性,不能通过增加FeO含量提高烧结矿强度,通过图4对比分析可以看出2022年FeO稳定率同比提高0.73个百分点(控制范围在7.5%~9.5%之间)。
混匀矿水分对烧结矿粉化影响较大,当烧结精矿水分大于>10%时,烧结料混匀性能变差,烧结物料结合不好,烧结过程中液相量生成较少,烧结矿极易粉化,且强度差。通过稳定混匀矿水分,消除水分波动,可以解决不利于制粒及烧结过程中下层料过湿影响料层透气性的问题。2022年烧结矿转鼓强度及平均粒径指数合格率都同比提高,通过图5图6对比分析可以看出2022年烧结矿转鼓强度合格率(>77.0%)同比提高3.22个百分点、平均粒径合格率同比提高4.74个百分点。
通过对比2021年1—6月份及2022年1—6月份烧结矿重点技术质量指标,可以看出通过稳定混合料水分,可有效提高烧结矿质量,2022年烧结矿碱度合格率、转鼓强度合格率、FeO稳定率和平均粒径合格率都高于2021年同期水平,成品烧结矿质量稳定性上了一个新台阶。
(1)通过实时监控巴润精矿、区内矿、进口粉矿等主要原料水分并及时作出工艺调整、优化混匀矿下料、安装混合料犁合装置、适时调整打水量、对冷返矿进行实时测温、及时调整工艺等措施,混合料水分稳定性有了明显提高,而且稳定提高了烧结矿质量,主要表现在烧结矿碱度合格率、转鼓合格率、FeO稳定率和平均粒径合格率的提高,成品烧结矿质量稳定性上了一个新台阶。
(2)烧结混匀矿水分波动是造成机尾黑色管道的重要原因,通过稳定混合料水分,烧结机机尾黑色管道明显减少。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
张学金, 陈星, 吕民. 烧结混合料水分测量与控制系统[J]. 信息化技术与控制, 2005, 15(4):18-21.
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聂绍昌. 微波水分检测自动控制系统在新钢烧结生产中的应用[J]. 江西冶金, 2018, 38(5):17-21.
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张家强, 张洪明. 烧结混合机自动加水研究[J]. 中小企业管理与科技, 2019(16):169-170.
2023年第49卷第3期
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  • 接收时间:2023-03-06
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
  • 出版时间:2023-06-25
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司稀土钢炼铁厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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