Article(id=1198277731730424012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198277724201644449, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)03-0040-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1679846400000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763621274168, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1687622400000, pubDateStr=2023-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763621274168, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763621274168, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763621274168, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198277724201644449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763621272373, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763621583776, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198279030370829084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198277724201644449, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198279030370829085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198277724201644449, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=40, endPage=44, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198277732959355092, articleId=1198277731730424012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Study on Corrosion Resistance of FeMnAlC Series of Low Density Steel, columnId=1198265195702354688, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Varieties and Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the article, a type of FeMnAlC series of low density steel is designed. Its tensile strengths of rolling direction (RD) and transverse direction (TD) are both greater than 1 300 MPa as well as it is with higher elongation. On the basis of ensuring stable high strength and toughness of the material, the corrosion behaviors of FeMnAlC series of low density steel in the simulated naval air environment with high temperature, humidity and salt spray are studied through the indoor accelerated test with alternation of wetting and drying as well as the tests with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to provide the references for evaluating corrosion resistance of the new generation of high strength low density steel.

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文章设计了一种FeMnAlC系低密度钢,该钢种轧制方向(RD)、宽度方向(TD)的抗拉强度均大于1 300 MPa,且具有较高的延伸率。在保证材料稳定的高强韧性能的基础上,通过室内干湿交替加速试验,扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)检测,研究了在模拟的高温、高湿、高盐雾的海洋大气环境中FeMnAlC系低密度钢的腐蚀行为,为新一代高强低密度钢的耐蚀性能评价提供参考。

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李学东(1997-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,硕士,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

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李学东(1997-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,硕士,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

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李学东(1997-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,硕士,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

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C Mn Al
1.64 25.0 11.6
), ArticleFig(id=1198292629474608101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277731730424012, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

FeMnAlC系低密度钢的化学成分(质量分数)%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
C Mn Al
1.64 25.0 11.6
), ArticleFig(id=1198292629550105574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277731730424012, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
取样方向 抗拉强度
/MPa
断后延伸率
/%
密度
/(g·cm-3)
RD 1 318.15 17.50 6.52
TD 1 379.79 14.09
), ArticleFig(id=1198292629638185959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277731730424012, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

FeMnAlC系低密度钢力学性能及密度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
取样方向 抗拉强度
/MPa
断后延伸率
/%
密度
/(g·cm-3)
RD 1 318.15 17.50 6.52
TD 1 379.79 14.09
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FeMnAlC系低密度钢的耐腐蚀性能研究
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李学东 , 吕刚 , 杨鲁明 , 王刚 , 刘丽娟
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2023,49(3): 40-44
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2023, 49(3): 40-44
FeMnAlC系低密度钢的耐腐蚀性能研究
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李学东, 吕刚, 杨鲁明, 王刚, 刘丽娟
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 李学东(1997-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,硕士,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

Study on Corrosion Resistance of FeMnAlC Series of Low Density Steel
Xue-dong Li, Gang Lv, Lu-ming Yang, Gang Wang, Li-juan Liu
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-06-25
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文章设计了一种FeMnAlC系低密度钢,该钢种轧制方向(RD)、宽度方向(TD)的抗拉强度均大于1 300 MPa,且具有较高的延伸率。在保证材料稳定的高强韧性能的基础上,通过室内干湿交替加速试验,扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)检测,研究了在模拟的高温、高湿、高盐雾的海洋大气环境中FeMnAlC系低密度钢的腐蚀行为,为新一代高强低密度钢的耐蚀性能评价提供参考。

FeMnAlC  /  低密度钢  /  夹杂物  /  耐蚀性

In the article, a type of FeMnAlC series of low density steel is designed. Its tensile strengths of rolling direction (RD) and transverse direction (TD) are both greater than 1 300 MPa as well as it is with higher elongation. On the basis of ensuring stable high strength and toughness of the material, the corrosion behaviors of FeMnAlC series of low density steel in the simulated naval air environment with high temperature, humidity and salt spray are studied through the indoor accelerated test with alternation of wetting and drying as well as the tests with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to provide the references for evaluating corrosion resistance of the new generation of high strength low density steel.

FeMnAlC  /  low density steel  /  inclusions  /  corrosion resistance
李学东, 吕刚, 杨鲁明, 王刚, 刘丽娟. FeMnAlC系低密度钢的耐腐蚀性能研究. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (3) : 40 -44 .
Xue-dong Li, Gang Lv, Lu-ming Yang, Gang Wang, Li-juan Liu. Study on Corrosion Resistance of FeMnAlC Series of Low Density Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (3) : 40 -44 .
低密度钢是一种具有轻质、高强度以及较高韧性的钢材,它在高锰钢的基础上添加轻质元素Al来达到降低材料本身密度的目的。按照化学成分分类可以为分为FeAl系、FeMnAl系和FeMnAlC系低密度钢,典型的钢种成分为FeMnAlC系。而按照热轧态组织分类可以分为奥氏体单相钢、铁素体单相钢、奥氏体双相钢和铁素体双相钢。早期的低密度钢是用来替代Fe-Cr-Ni不锈钢而开发的钢种,随着研究的深入,低密度钢的强韧性得到较大的提高,低密度钢在未来轻量化汽车用钢中具有很好的应用前景[1-2]。从经济和环保的角度来看,国家支持绿色低碳排放,低密度钢降低了车的自重进而减少汽车的碳排放,因此低密度钢的研究以及应用的广泛化是必然的。低密度钢的耐蚀与防护受到越来越多的学者关注,但目前关于FeMnAlC系低密度钢的耐蚀性研究非常稀少。因此,关于FeMnAlC系低密度钢的耐蚀性研究是十分必要的。
试验材料通过真空感应炉制备,具体成分如表1所示,该成分体系可以很好地保证奥氏体的稳定性,以及较高的层错能和密度下降比。该试验用钢是采用控轧控冷工艺(TMCP)生产,为了获得等轴状的奥氏体晶粒,对铸态钢坯加热到1 200 ℃并均质化处理2 h,随后在炉中冷却至轧制开始温度1 100 ℃,轧制结束的温度为900 ℃。轧制结束的钢板淬火至室温,随后再进行再结晶、回火等热处理,钢板最终的厚度为10 mm。
钢材的腐蚀初期试验为通过XPS进行了在空气放置和浸泡在3.5%NaCl溶液1 h两种条件下的FeMnAlC系低密度钢腐蚀初期产物的分析。
室内模拟海洋大气环境加速试验参考现行国标GB/T 19746—2018《金属和合金的腐蚀盐溶液周浸试验》[3],通过周浸装置在实验室进行了模拟海洋大气环境试验。沿钢板的RD切取三个试验周期的试样,每个试验周期四个平行样,试验周期分别为3天(72 h)、7天(168 h)、14天(336 h)。
FeMnAlC系低密度钢的组织为奥氏体和较多的析出相,晶粒形状接近等轴状,表明试验钢的再结晶处理过程比较完整,没有残留的带状组织,但晶粒仍有沿轧制方向变形痕迹。图1结果显示,FeMnAlC系低密度钢的奥氏体晶界处分布着大量析出相,有研究表明,该析出相为低密度钢中常见的κ-碳化物相,控制低密度钢中的析出相形态、尺寸、数量位置等是优化该钢种力学性能的有效方法[4]。奥氏体钢拥有优异的热加工性能,而弥散析出相会对晶界起到钉扎作用,这使得低密度钢在结构钢中拥有非常大的优势和应用前景。从图2结果可以看出,在FeMnAlC系低密度钢中出现了AlN夹杂物条带,这对钢材的力学性能是不利的[5]。从热力学角度来看,Al、N元素极易结合,而本材料为高铝低密度钢,因此,在该种钢的冶炼过程中需要严格控制N含量,减少AlN夹杂物的生成。
FeMnAlC系低密度钢在高强度、低密度的基础上拥有较好的延伸率,因此该材料在汽车结构材料领域具有极大的潜力。通过拉伸试验、阿基米德原理测密度得出结果如表2所示。从强度方面可以看出,FeMnAlC系低密度钢在两个方向上都具有较高的强度,且强度均大于1 300 MPa,其在TD上的强度略高于RD;从延伸率方面来看,FeMnAlC系低密度钢的RD上的延伸率要大于TD上的延伸率。FeMnAlC系低密度钢具有很好的减重效果,其密度为6.52 g/cm3,与普通碳钢相比密度下降比为16.4%。
图3图4分别为在3.5%NaCl溶液浸泡1 h与空气放置的低密度高强钢表面腐蚀产物元素XPS分析结果。图3图4中(a)为XPS全谱图,(b)、(c)、(d)分别为Fe、Mn、Al元素的分谱图。从图3图4中XPS全谱图可以看出,空气中放置1 h的试样和在3.5%NaCl溶液浸泡1 h试样的表面的元素大致相同,其中Na元素出现的原因为空气中或溶液中的Na离子残留于试样表面,而在3.5%NaCl溶液浸泡1 h后低密度钢具有更高的O元素峰值,原因是在溶液中低密度钢的腐蚀化学过程进行得更快。通过对比XPS窄扫分谱来看,在3.5%NaCl溶液浸泡1 h的试样表面的二价和三价Fe元素强度增高;浸泡前后试样表面的Al元素价态没有很大的差异,主要为稳定的三价的Al2O3;Mn元素为腐蚀敏感性元素,其氧化物占比在浸泡前后差异较大,在浸泡1 h后二价Mn氧化物和三价Mn氧化物的占比增多。对于高锰钢,其锈层中Mn元素的氧化物占比可以作为其耐蚀性的评价标准,Mn的氧化物占比越多,钢的腐蚀程度越严重。由此可以看出,FeMnAlC系低密度钢在3.5%NaCl溶液浸泡的腐蚀初期Al元素并未在钢基体表面形成保护性氧化物薄膜,此阶段的腐蚀的主导因素可能为夹杂物等微观缺陷,因此导致Mn元素的氧化物增多。
图5为FeMnAlC系低密度钢在干湿交替周期浸泡的条件下72 h、168 h、336 h的试样,可以看出试样发生了不同程度的局部腐蚀,且腐蚀产物的生成比较缓慢。结合微观组织形貌分析,这些局部腐蚀可能与AlN夹杂物容易偏聚有关。在腐蚀前期(72 h),试样被棕黄色的腐蚀物薄膜覆盖,试样表面仍泛有金属光泽。随着试验周期的增加(168 h),腐蚀产物逐渐累计,试样表面的颜色加深转变为棕色,到腐蚀后期(336 h),FeMnAlC系低密度钢开始出现外锈层,并且外锈层完全覆盖试样表面。
图6为FeMnAlC系低密度钢的72 h、168 h、336 h的平均腐蚀速率,FeMnAlC系低密度钢在腐蚀前期具有较高平均腐蚀速率,随着周期数的增加,低密度钢的平均腐蚀速率有所降低,在168 h的平均腐蚀速率达到最低值为0.054 mm/a,随后其腐蚀速率有所上升。Al元素在初期腐蚀过程中起到关键作用,Al元素在钢基体表面形成Al2O3薄膜阻碍腐蚀过程的进行,进而导致腐蚀速率的急剧下降。在腐蚀后期Al2O3薄膜被Cl离子渗透,导致局部腐蚀环境酸化进而加快腐蚀的进程。总体来看,FeMnAlC系低密度钢的平均腐蚀速率均在0.1 mm/a以下,因此FeMnAlC系低密度钢属于耐蚀钢的范畴。
(1)FeMnAlC系低密度钢拥有很好的减重效果,其室温基体组织为无明显晶粒取向的单相奥氏体,钢中主要析出相κ-碳化物为颗粒状且分布在奥氏体晶界处,这是FeMnAlC系低密度钢的强化方式之一,为保证低密度钢良好的机械性能,需要控制κ-碳化物析出相的尺寸、数量及分布。
(2)FeMnAlC系低密度钢中的AlN在夹杂物数量占比较多且容易偏聚,在轧制过程中呈条带状分布,这会降低低密度钢的塑韧性,因此需要加强低密度钢冶金时控制N元素含量。
(2)FeMnAlC系低密度钢干湿交替周浸试验结果表明,低密度钢的平均腐蚀速率在0.1 mm/a以下,属于耐蚀钢种。低密度钢的试验周期在72~168 h腐蚀速率下降较快,在168 h的平均腐蚀速率达到最低值0.054 mm/a,这是由于Al元素在钢基体表面形成Al2O3薄膜。
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2023年第49卷第3期
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  • 接收时间:2023-03-27
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
  • 出版时间:2023-06-25
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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