Article(id=1198277727007633840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198277724201644449, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)03-0060-03, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1678377600000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763621273042, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1687622400000, pubDateStr=2023-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763621273042, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763621273042, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763621273042, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198277724201644449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763621272373, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763621583776, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198279030370829084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198277724201644449, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198279030370829085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198277724201644449, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=60, endPage=62, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198277727255097778, articleId=1198277727007633840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Development of High Strength Enamel Steel for Inside Liner of Water Heater, columnId=1198265195702354688, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Varieties and Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the paper, it is studied the effects of alloy elements on microstructure, mechanical properties and resistance to scute burst of high strength enamel steel for inside liner of water heater as well as analyzed the mechanism of action of hot rolling process such as finish rolling temperature, coiling temperature and continuous annealing process of cold rolling on microstructure and mechanical properties. The trial production results showed that the yield strength was 245~272 MPa, tensile strength was 362~386 MPa and elongation was 39.0%~41.0% for the cold rolled high strength enamel steel, which could meet the production requirements of inside liner of water heater. Its microstructure is mainly composed of ferrite and pearlite as well as a little MnS and TiN particles were with dispersed distribution. It is further verified that the developed high strength enamel steel is with good resistance to scute burst through the sensitivity test of anti scute burst and test of end user.

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研究了合金元素对热水器内胆用高强度搪瓷钢微观组织、力学性能及抗鳞爆性的影响。分析了热轧工艺(如终轧温度与卷取温度)、冷轧连续退火工艺对微观组织及力学性能的作用机制。试制结果表明,冷轧高强度搪瓷钢屈服强度为245~272 MPa,抗拉强度为362~386 MPa,延伸率为39.0%~41.0%,能够满足热水器内胆的制作要求。其显微组织主要由铁素体和珠光体组成,并弥散分布着少量MnS、TiN颗粒。通过抗鳞爆敏感性测试及终端用户检测,进一步验证了开发的高强度搪瓷钢具有良好的抗鳞爆性。

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张 奇(1989-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现主要从事产品开发等工作。

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张 奇(1989-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现主要从事产品开发等工作。

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C Si Mn P S Alt Ti
≤0.04 ≤0.2 ≤0.3 ≤0.15 ≤0.035 ≥0.020 ≤0.04
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化学成分(质量分数)%

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C Si Mn P S Alt Ti
≤0.04 ≤0.2 ≤0.3 ≤0.15 ≤0.035 ≥0.020 ≤0.04
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试验编号 厚度/mm 测试温度/℃ 测试电流/A 氢渗透时间/s 抗鳞爆敏感性
1# 1.8 25 1.57 1 601 合格
2# 1.8 25 1.57 1 667 合格
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抗鳞爆敏感性测试

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试验编号 厚度/mm 测试温度/℃ 测试电流/A 氢渗透时间/s 抗鳞爆敏感性
1# 1.8 25 1.57 1 601 合格
2# 1.8 25 1.57 1 667 合格
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热水器内胆用高强度搪瓷钢的研制
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张奇 , 刘妍 , 路璐
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2023,49(3): 60-62
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2023, 49(3): 60-62
热水器内胆用高强度搪瓷钢的研制
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张奇, 刘妍, 路璐
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司稀土钢板材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 张 奇(1989-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现主要从事产品开发等工作。

Development of High Strength Enamel Steel for Inside Liner of Water Heater
Qi Zhang, Yan Liu, Lu Lu
Affiliations
  • Rare Earth Steel Plate Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-06-25
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研究了合金元素对热水器内胆用高强度搪瓷钢微观组织、力学性能及抗鳞爆性的影响。分析了热轧工艺(如终轧温度与卷取温度)、冷轧连续退火工艺对微观组织及力学性能的作用机制。试制结果表明,冷轧高强度搪瓷钢屈服强度为245~272 MPa,抗拉强度为362~386 MPa,延伸率为39.0%~41.0%,能够满足热水器内胆的制作要求。其显微组织主要由铁素体和珠光体组成,并弥散分布着少量MnS、TiN颗粒。通过抗鳞爆敏感性测试及终端用户检测,进一步验证了开发的高强度搪瓷钢具有良好的抗鳞爆性。

搪瓷钢  /  热水器内胆  /  抗鳞爆性

In the paper, it is studied the effects of alloy elements on microstructure, mechanical properties and resistance to scute burst of high strength enamel steel for inside liner of water heater as well as analyzed the mechanism of action of hot rolling process such as finish rolling temperature, coiling temperature and continuous annealing process of cold rolling on microstructure and mechanical properties. The trial production results showed that the yield strength was 245~272 MPa, tensile strength was 362~386 MPa and elongation was 39.0%~41.0% for the cold rolled high strength enamel steel, which could meet the production requirements of inside liner of water heater. Its microstructure is mainly composed of ferrite and pearlite as well as a little MnS and TiN particles were with dispersed distribution. It is further verified that the developed high strength enamel steel is with good resistance to scute burst through the sensitivity test of anti scute burst and test of end user.

enamel steel  /  inside liner of water heater  /  resistance to scute burst
张奇, 刘妍, 路璐. 热水器内胆用高强度搪瓷钢的研制. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (3) : 60 -62 .
Qi Zhang, Yan Liu, Lu Lu. Development of High Strength Enamel Steel for Inside Liner of Water Heater[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (3) : 60 -62 .
近年来冷轧高强度搪瓷钢在家电领域的应用越来越广泛,经过搪瓷的热水器内胆作为储水加热容器长期在压力变化的环境之中工作,对冷轧高强度搪瓷钢相关安全性要求苛刻。并且随着终端客户对材料降本的需求日益增加,降本的同时要求内胆使用寿命进一步延长,对搪瓷钢的开发提出新的挑战。降本的办法是使用高强度钢板进行切换。通过深入研究成分、生产工艺及微观组织,自主开发了高强度搪瓷钢,产品各项性能指标均满足客户要求。
为了使搪瓷钢具有良好抗针孔能力,产品采用低碳成分设计,热水器内胆在高温搪烧过程中,瓷釉中的水容易和钢板中的碳产生反应生成一氧化碳,瓷釉随后逐渐冷却,一氧化碳过饱和逐渐溢出,瓷釉表面形成针孔状缺陷,丧失了保护钢板的作用,因此钢中碳含量应严格控制。鳞爆现象的产生是由溶解在钢板中的氢原子造成的,氢原子由钢中逸出至钢板表面生成氢分子,氢分子以很大的压力冲破釉层表面,生成了鱼鳞状的碎片[1-2]。高强度搪瓷钢通过添加少量Mn元素和Ti元素提高强度,同时Mn元素与钢中S元素结合形成MnS,Ti元素与钢中N元素形成TiN与在晶界析出的Fe3C作为“储氢陷阱”抑制氢原子从钢板表面析出[3-4]。具体化学成分设计如表1所示。
板坯采用热装加热制度以提高生产效率,出炉温度控制在1 180~1 240 ℃,在炉时间大于100 min,以保证铸坯整体温度均匀。热轧工序采用高温终轧,终轧温度大于880 ℃,确保在单相奥氏体区轧制,奥氏体区轧制时晶粒细小,同时应变累积程度高,可增加铁素体相变时的形核率。热轧采用高温卷取,晶粒的均匀性随着卷取温度的升高有提高的趋势,卷取温度不低于660 ℃。
冷轧变形储能是退火过程中再结晶的驱动力,同时冷轧压下率对钢板的储氢性能存在影响,从而影响搪瓷钢抗鳞爆性。氢渗透时间随着冷轧压下率的提高而延长,氢扩散系数随着冷轧压下率的提高而降低,因为冷轧变形过程中,大量位错与空位积累,并且变形量越大密度越高[5]。通过评估轧制能力,该产品压下率设定大于70%。退火温度对产品性能影响较明显,退火温度太高,钢带再结晶晶粒粗大,强度随之降低;退火温度较低时,退火再结晶不完全,钢带屈强比高,并且延伸率较差,不利于热水器内胆端盖冲压成形。退火温度根据不同厚度设定范围在750~800 ℃。
为了满足客户对强度的要求,产品添加了Ti元素,对比添加Ti元素与未添加Ti元素微观组织。如图1所示,添加0.02%~0.04%的Ti元素后晶粒尺寸明显减小,Ti能与钢中N原子和C原子结合,形成稳定细小的氮化物、碳化物,并阻止奥氏体晶粒的长大,起到细晶强化及沉淀强化作用。高强度搪瓷钢显微组织主要由铁素体和珠光体组成,组织内存在少量MnS、TiN颗粒,TiN、MnS、Fe3C第二相粒子作为氢陷阱储氢,提高搪瓷钢的抗鳞爆性。
对试制的钢带力学性能进行统计,冷轧高强度搪瓷钢屈服强度为245~272 MPa,抗拉强度为362~386 MPa,延伸率为39.0%~41.0%,性能指标稳定,波动范围小,符合终端用户技术条件,如图2所示。添加0.02%~0.04%的Ti元素后屈服强度提高约70 MPa,强度提高主要由细晶强化与析出强化的共同作用引起,晶粒越细小,晶界面积越大,变形过程中位错阻力越大,同时弥散分布的TiC、TiN第二相粒子对位错具有“钉扎”作用,运动位错线在第二相粒子前受阻、弯曲,随着外加切应力的增加迫使位错以继续弯曲的方式向前运动形成位错环,由于位错每绕过第二相粒子一次,就留下一个位错环,使得第二相粒子间距减小,后续位错绕过时更加困难,从而实现强度的提高。
切取尺寸为75 mm×75 mm的样板,利用双电解池装置按照EN 10209—2013标准[6]要求进行氢渗透试验,获得氢渗透时间曲线,通过切线法确定氢渗透时间,再用氢渗透时间除以试样厚度的平方即为抗鳞爆敏感性TH值。EN 10209—2013标准规定TH应大于6.7 min/mm2,经过两次试验所得样品的氢渗透时间为1 601~1 667 s,抗鳞爆敏感性TH值均大于6.7 min/mm2,如表2所示,满足标准要求。单面搪瓷热水器内胆在室温放置30天,经过观察未出现鳞爆现象,如图3所示,进一步验证了高强度搪瓷钢具有良好的抗鳞爆性。
(1)热水器内胆用高强搪瓷钢通过添加0.02%~0.04%的Ti元素,晶粒尺寸明显减小。
(2)冷轧高强度搪瓷钢屈服强度为245~272 MPa,抗拉强度为362~386 MPa,延伸率为39.0%~41.0%,性能指标稳定,波动范围小,符合终端用户技术条件。
(3)热水器内胆用高强搪瓷钢显微组织由铁素体和珠光体组成,基体弥散分布少量MnS、TiN第二相粒子,作为储氢陷阱,具有良好抗鳞爆性,抗鳞爆敏感性TH值大于6.7 min/mm2
(4)采用高强搪瓷钢制作的热水器内胆搪瓷质量良好,在室温放置30天,经过观察未出现鳞爆现象,满足客户要求。
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  • 接收时间:2023-03-10
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
  • 出版时间:2023-06-25
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    内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司稀土钢板材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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