Article(id=1198277725736759717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198277724201644449, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)03-0036-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1679846400000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763621272738, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1687622400000, pubDateStr=2023-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763621272738, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763621272738, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763621272738, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198277724201644449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763621272373, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763621583776, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198279030370829084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198277724201644449, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198279030370829085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198277724201644449, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=36, endPage=39, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198277726231687594, articleId=1198277725736759717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Study on Physical Simulation of Six-strand Tundish with Control Device, columnId=1187100781414069182, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The effects of structure of retaining wall and dam on the flow condition of liquid steel in tundish are studied based on the physical model with geometric similarity ratio of 1∶4 established according to the similarity principle by taking the six-strand continuous casting tundish of bloom of Baotou Steel as the object of study. The results showed that the average retention time of liquid steel was increased by 5.51% and proportion of dead band was reduced by 20.73% by comparing the structures with and without retaining wall and dam. The flow condition of liquid steel in tundish could be effectively controlled, peak time and average retention time of each strand for tundish are increased as well as volume of dead band for the whole tundish is reduced so as to be beneficial to fully mixing liquid steel in tundish as well as aggregation and floating of inclusions.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chun-peng Han, Jian-xin Chen, Wang-cai Diao, Jing-qiu Qian, Yin Zhang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198278101428957376, articleId=1198277725736759717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=CN, title=六流中间包采用控制装置的物理模拟研究, columnId=1185882039552193444, journalTitle=包钢科技, columnName=生产实践与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以包钢六流大方坯连铸中间包为研究对象,根据相似原理建立几何相似比为1∶4的物理模型,研究挡墙挡坝结构对中间包内钢液流动状态的影响。结果表明,采用挡墙挡坝结构与未采用挡墙挡坝结构相比,钢液平均停留时间增加5.51%,死区比例减少20.73%。通过在中间包内设置挡墙和挡坝装置,能有效控制中间包内钢液的流动状况,增加中间包各流的峰值时间和平均停留时间,降低中间包整体的死区体积,从而有利于钢液在中间包内充分混匀和夹杂物聚集上浮。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=0hYDwvXnq3C3qOv8Ryy21A==, magXml=JTDqCT6PNso679V7h8s2Rg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=nNAG8AZsSloR30LdkEC6Dw==, pdfFileSize=1321481, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=FHsOnZBmIG8rbeihRjL51A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=uG0p2Dn0sn6wckmvjIjjnQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

韩春鹏(1982-),男,内蒙古和林格尔县人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事炼钢工艺研究工作。

, authorsList=韩春鹏, 陈建新, 刁望才, 钱静秋, 张胤)}, authors=[Author(id=1198292706674963119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198292706733683377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, authorId=1198292706674963119, language=EN, stringName=Chun-peng Han, firstName=Chun-peng, middleName=null, lastName=Han, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198292706800792242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, authorId=1198292706674963119, language=CN, stringName=韩春鹏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010, bio={"content":"

韩春鹏(1982-),男,内蒙古和林格尔县人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事炼钢工艺研究工作。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

韩春鹏(1982-),男,内蒙古和林格尔县人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事炼钢工艺研究工作。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198292706595271339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198292706603659948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, companyId=1198292706595271339, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198292706612048557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, companyId=1198292706595271339, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010)])]), Author(id=1198292706872095412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198292706951787190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, authorId=1198292706872095412, language=EN, stringName=Jian-xin Chen, firstName=Jian-xin, middleName=null, lastName=Chen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198292707014701751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, authorId=1198292706872095412, language=CN, stringName=陈建新, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198292706595271339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198292706603659948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, companyId=1198292706595271339, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198292706612048557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, companyId=1198292706595271339, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010)])]), Author(id=1198292707081810617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198292707153113787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, authorId=1198292707081810617, language=EN, stringName=Wang-cai Diao, firstName=Wang-cai, middleName=null, lastName=Diao, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198292707245388476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, authorId=1198292707081810617, language=CN, stringName=刁望才, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198292706595271339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198292706603659948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, companyId=1198292706595271339, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198292706612048557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, companyId=1198292706595271339, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010)])]), Author(id=1198292707325080254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198292707396383424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, authorId=1198292707325080254, language=EN, stringName=Jing-qiu Qian, firstName=Jing-qiu, middleName=null, lastName=Qian, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198292707455103681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, authorId=1198292707325080254, language=CN, stringName=钱静秋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198292706595271339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198292706603659948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, companyId=1198292706595271339, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198292706612048557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, companyId=1198292706595271339, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010)])]), Author(id=1198292707513823939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198292707585127109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, authorId=1198292707513823939, language=EN, stringName=Yin Zhang, firstName=Yin, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198292707652235974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, authorId=1198292707513823939, language=CN, stringName=张胤, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198292706595271339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198292706603659948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, companyId=1198292706595271339, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198292706612048557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, companyId=1198292706595271339, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1198292707782259399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=tundish), Keyword(id=1198292707849368264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=physical simulation), Keyword(id=1198292707924865737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=average retention time), Keyword(id=1198292708063277770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=中间包), Keyword(id=1198292708130386635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=物理模拟), Keyword(id=1198292708193301196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=平均停留时间)], refs=[Reference(id=1198292710739243743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=梁新腾, journalName=连铸中间包内钢水流动行为的数理模拟研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梁新腾. 连铸中间包内钢水流动行为的数理模拟研究[D]. 包头: 内蒙古科技大学, 2007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198292710835712736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=31, issue=2, pageStart=40, pageEnd=43, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=张西超, 孙彦辉, 徐蕊, journalName=炼钢, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张西超, 孙彦辉, 徐蕊, 等. 4流连铸中间包钢水流场的物理数学模拟与应用[J]. 炼钢, 2015, 31(2):40-43., articleTitle=4流连铸中间包钢水流场的物理数学模拟与应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198292710902821601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=22, issue=1, pageStart=11, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=刘菲, 刘丹, journalName=宽厚板, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘菲, 刘丹. 六流连铸机T型中间包控流装置优化的物理模拟研究[J]. 宽厚板, 2016, 22(1):11-14., articleTitle=六流连铸机T型中间包控流装置优化的物理模拟研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198292710965736162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=38, issue=1, pageStart=46, pageEnd=50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=张娜, 张明军, 李凤善, journalName=上海金属, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张娜, 张明军, 李凤善, 等. 六流非对称中间包结构优化水模型研究[J]. 上海金属, 2016, 38(1):46-50., articleTitle=六流非对称中间包结构优化水模型研究, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198292706595271339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198292706603659948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, companyId=1198292706595271339, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198292706612048557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, companyId=1198292706595271339, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198292708340101837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=BPV2CydKE653wS3y1UxkBQ==, figureFileBig=KyeNlGkKiozvmoF5F/iJCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198292708415599310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=CN, label=图1, caption=挡墙和挡坝的尺寸情况, figureFileSmall=BPV2CydKE653wS3y1UxkBQ==, figureFileBig=KyeNlGkKiozvmoF5F/iJCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198292708507873999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=goTcAVYWZ/mPUWGwEgATcA==, figureFileBig=JVi2WIy48OBh9+qC2Dqb+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198292708574982864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=CN, label=图2, caption=中间包物理模拟试验装置示意图, figureFileSmall=goTcAVYWZ/mPUWGwEgATcA==, figureFileBig=JVi2WIy48OBh9+qC2Dqb+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198292708633703121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+gmaoLVIgiL20IUcMl1Mlw==, figureFileBig=689y1PJXJmKqw12SLG8W1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198292708692423378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=CN, label=图3, caption=方案一电导率变化情况, figureFileSmall=+gmaoLVIgiL20IUcMl1Mlw==, figureFileBig=689y1PJXJmKqw12SLG8W1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198292708759532243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=R0KE9e+gtSc5JdNEWXXb+g==, figureFileBig=BKCCcYrbqVYMTGgmguKjQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198292708826641108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=CN, label=图4, caption=方案二电导率变化情况, figureFileSmall=R0KE9e+gtSc5JdNEWXXb+g==, figureFileBig=BKCCcYrbqVYMTGgmguKjQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198292709921354453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=8amCxx9idGDTZDmeN1qrrg==, figureFileBig=oPgUlYvJoeMxE1kCOiBtQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198292710001046230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各流的峰值时间情况, figureFileSmall=8amCxx9idGDTZDmeN1qrrg==, figureFileBig=oPgUlYvJoeMxE1kCOiBtQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198292710118486743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=GZUUId3DU119JkRUWuaK2g==, figureFileBig=1CR7FL6yFT5AGITGOWaoLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198292710198178520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=CN, label=图6, caption=各流的平均停留时间情况, figureFileSmall=GZUUId3DU119JkRUWuaK2g==, figureFileBig=1CR7FL6yFT5AGITGOWaoLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198292710269481689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=G7pWddBn5fKw9Ty8as0UeA==, figureFileBig=qX/BFWO+6qhBShpmMeOifg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198292710336590554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=CN, label=图7, caption=钢液各区的计算结果, figureFileSmall=G7pWddBn5fKw9Ty8as0UeA==, figureFileBig=qX/BFWO+6qhBShpmMeOifg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198292710403699419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=l3nYwMgEOlGQdeHuVdBiAA==, figureFileBig=m/xMNxA8yX1CA+QvTgpLlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198292710500168412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=CN, label=图8, caption=5流生产时钢液的峰值时间, figureFileSmall=l3nYwMgEOlGQdeHuVdBiAA==, figureFileBig=m/xMNxA8yX1CA+QvTgpLlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198292710558888669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=8sEfmUQ1t7a8aZaPU/ijQg==, figureFileBig=jYnQF4i3XuxN7SEHM5nYgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198292710617608926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725736759717, language=CN, label=图9, caption=5流生产时钢液的平均停留时间, figureFileSmall=8sEfmUQ1t7a8aZaPU/ijQg==, figureFileBig=jYnQF4i3XuxN7SEHM5nYgQ==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1185652280146587652, delFlag=0, nameCn=包钢科技, nameEn=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1009-5438, eissn=null, cn=15-1210/TF, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=MuxxMe9Pr9qgO8IAocuQTg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1760611131943, updatedTime=1761728493461, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=B, firstLetterEn=B, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=Engineering, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=MuxxMe9Pr9qgO8IAocuQTg==, picEn=ou3AszwYb0n2VtOVtaZ2lw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190338834354245756, language=CN, name=包钢科技, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761728493536, updatedTime=1761728493536, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://bgkj.chinajournal.net.cn/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://bgkj.chinajournal.net.cn/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://bgkj.chinajournal.net.cn/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190338834408771709, language=EN, name=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761728493549, updatedTime=1761728493549, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://bgkj.chinajournal.net.cn/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://bgkj.chinajournal.net.cn/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://bgkj.chinajournal.net.cn/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1185652524569653253, websiteList=[Website(id=1185655046684423052, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1185652524569653253, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bgkj/CN, language=CN, createTime=1760611791535, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1760611862376, updateBy=18614031015, name=包钢科技, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=包钢科技, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1185675258741801724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1185655046684423052, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1760616610465, updateTime=1760616610465, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1185675258708247289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1185655046684423052, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1760616610457, updateTime=1760616610457, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1185675258699858680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1185655046684423052, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bgkj/CN/file/pic?fileId=nthji6+GG9SlnD/dssvyKA==, createTime=1760616610455, updateTime=1760616610455, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1185675258737607419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1185655046684423052, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bgkj/CN/file/pic, createTime=1760616610464, updateTime=1760616610464, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1185675258729218810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1185655046684423052, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1760616610462, updateTime=1760616610462, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1185675258750190333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1185655046684423052, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1760616610467, updateTime=1760616610467, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1185675258758578942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1185655046684423052, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1760616610469, updateTime=1760616610469, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1185655046801863567, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1185652524569653253, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bgkj/EN, language=EN, createTime=1760611791563, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1760611898113, updateBy=18614031015, name=包钢科技-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1185675300932305667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1185655046801863567, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1760616620524, updateTime=1760616620524, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1185675300907139840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1185655046801863567, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1760616620518, updateTime=1760616620518, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1185675300898751231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1185655046801863567, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bgkj/EN/file/pic?fileId=nthji6+GG9SlnD/dssvyKA==, createTime=1760616620516, updateTime=1760616620516, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1185675300923917058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1185655046801863567, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bgkj/EN/file/pic, createTime=1760616620522, updateTime=1760616620522, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1185675300915528449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1185655046801863567, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1760616620520, updateTime=1760616620520, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1185675300936499972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1185655046801863567, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1760616620525, updateTime=1760616620525, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1185675300999414533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1185655046801863567, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1760616620540, updateTime=1760616620540, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=包钢科技, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, journalPhotoCn=MuxxMe9Pr9qgO8IAocuQTg==, journalPhotoEn=ou3AszwYb0n2VtOVtaZ2lw==, journalFirstLetter=B, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=1, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bgkj/CN/Y2023/V49/I3/36, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bgkj/EN/Y2023/V49/I3/36, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bgkj/CN/PDF/Y2023/V49/I3/36, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bgkj/EN/PDF/Y2023/V49/I3/36, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
六流中间包采用控制装置的物理模拟研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
韩春鹏 , 陈建新 , 刁望才 , 钱静秋 , 张胤
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2023,49(3): 36-39
收起
收藏切换
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2023, 49(3): 36-39
六流中间包采用控制装置的物理模拟研究
全屏
韩春鹏, 陈建新, 刁望才, 钱静秋, 张胤
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 韩春鹏(1982-),男,内蒙古和林格尔县人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事炼钢工艺研究工作。

Study on Physical Simulation of Six-strand Tundish with Control Device
Chun-peng Han, Jian-xin Chen, Wang-cai Diao, Jing-qiu Qian, Yin Zhang
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-06-25
文章导航
收藏切换

以包钢六流大方坯连铸中间包为研究对象,根据相似原理建立几何相似比为1∶4的物理模型,研究挡墙挡坝结构对中间包内钢液流动状态的影响。结果表明,采用挡墙挡坝结构与未采用挡墙挡坝结构相比,钢液平均停留时间增加5.51%,死区比例减少20.73%。通过在中间包内设置挡墙和挡坝装置,能有效控制中间包内钢液的流动状况,增加中间包各流的峰值时间和平均停留时间,降低中间包整体的死区体积,从而有利于钢液在中间包内充分混匀和夹杂物聚集上浮。

中间包  /  物理模拟  /  平均停留时间

The effects of structure of retaining wall and dam on the flow condition of liquid steel in tundish are studied based on the physical model with geometric similarity ratio of 1∶4 established according to the similarity principle by taking the six-strand continuous casting tundish of bloom of Baotou Steel as the object of study. The results showed that the average retention time of liquid steel was increased by 5.51% and proportion of dead band was reduced by 20.73% by comparing the structures with and without retaining wall and dam. The flow condition of liquid steel in tundish could be effectively controlled, peak time and average retention time of each strand for tundish are increased as well as volume of dead band for the whole tundish is reduced so as to be beneficial to fully mixing liquid steel in tundish as well as aggregation and floating of inclusions.

tundish  /  physical simulation  /  average retention time
韩春鹏, 陈建新, 刁望才, 钱静秋, 张胤. 六流中间包采用控制装置的物理模拟研究. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (3) : 36 -39 .
Chun-peng Han, Jian-xin Chen, Wang-cai Diao, Jing-qiu Qian, Yin Zhang. Study on Physical Simulation of Six-strand Tundish with Control Device[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (3) : 36 -39 .
近年来随着冶金工作者对中间包在连铸过程中重要性认识的提高,需在连铸过程中充分发挥中间包的冶金作用,净化钢水,促使钢水中的夹杂物碰撞、聚集、上浮、去除,对改善连铸坯质量有着重要的作用[1-2]。多流中间包内钢液的流动是一个很复杂的过程,在钢水注入区,是一个强烈的湍流流动区,而在中间包边缘或角部,钢水的流动相当缓慢,通过在中间包内加入控流装置,可改变钢液的流动状态,有利于发挥中间包的冶金作用,因此必须对中间包内的钢液流动状态进行研究,确定合理的控流装置[3-4]
针对六流大方坯中间包内钢液的流动状态,采用物理模拟的方法,研究未采用挡墙挡坝结构与采用挡墙挡坝结构对钢液平均停留时间、死区等的影响,同时对比分析5流生产时中间包内钢液的流动状况。
以包钢大方坯连铸机的中间包为研究对象,中间包采用6流拉钢,中间包类型为T型中间包,对比未采用挡墙挡坝结构(方案一)与采用挡墙挡坝结构(方案二)对中间包内钢液的流动状态的影响。挡墙和挡坝的尺寸情况如图1所示。
针对中间包内钢液的流动状态,采用物理模拟的方法研究挡墙挡坝对钢液流动状态的影响。依据相似理论中间包系统只要满足几何相似、运动相似和动力学相似就可以保证模型和原型相似,在中间包物理模拟中只要选择模型和原型的Re、Fr准数相等就可以保证模型和原型相似。通过计算确定中间包的物理模型按照模型与原型1∶4的比例制作水模,材质为有机玻璃。利用水模拟方法测量流体分子在中间包内的停留时间分布。通常应用“刺激-响应”试验,其方法是在中间包注入流处输入一个刺激信号,信号一般使用示踪剂来实现,然后在中间包出口处测量该输入信号的输出,即所谓的响应,从响应曲线得到流体在中间包内的停留时间分布,通过平均停留时间分布计算中间包内各区体积。中间包物理模拟试验装置示意图如图2所示。本试验采用水模拟钢液,水通过长水口流入中间包模型,再通过6个出口流入储水箱,试验时在长水口位置处加入一定浓度的示踪剂,在出口处采用电导率仪进行测量。
通过电导率仪测量六流中间包各出口的电导率变化情况,每个方案进行5次试验,取平均值进行钢液平均停留时间分析。图3图4为方案一和方案二的电导率变化情况。
通过试验分析中间包内设置挡墙能保证钢液在T型口内充分的混匀,使钢液湍动显著的部分集中在注流区,然后钢液沿中间包底部流动,从挡墙下方的开孔处流入挡墙和挡坝之间的区域,阻止钢液表面形成回流,并保证在注流区形成平稳流动。挡坝的作用是阻挡钢液沿包底流动形成短路流,使钢液流向注流区的表面,最后流向各出口,保证钢液在中间包有足够的停留时间。由于六流中间包为对称中间包,中间包的近流、中间流、远流各有2个,同一方案的近流、中间流、远流电导率的变化趋势基本相同,这与实际情况相符。
对所测定的电导率变化结果进行分析,计算各流钢液的平均停留时间和峰值时间,分析对中间包中钢液流动的影响。对有多流中间包来说,要求各流钢液的平均停留时间和峰值时间尽量相同,同时平均停留时间更长,这样有利于各流进入结晶器的钢液温度基本相同,同时保证各流夹杂物的上浮去除时间基本相同。
图5图6为方案一和方案二各流的峰值时间和平均停留时间情况。由图5图6可知,通过在中间包内设置挡墙和挡坝能有效控制中间包内钢液的流动,增加了各流的峰值时间和平均停留时间,峰值时间由方案一的67 s延长到方案二的172 s,延长了156.72%,钢液平均停留时间由方案一的399 s延长到方案二的421 s,延长了5.51%。
通过对中间包内各流钢液平均停留时间和峰值时间的结果进行分析,对比不同方案中间包的死区、活塞区、混合区情况。
图7为方案一和方案二的死区、活塞区、混合区的计算结果。中间包内的死区体积由方案一的23.54%降低到方案二的18.66%,降低了20.73%,死区体积的减少有利于中间包内夹杂物的碰撞和上浮。
因此,通过在中间包内增加挡墙挡坝装置,增加了中间包内各流钢液峰值时间和平均停留时间,峰值时间延长156.72%,平均停留时间延长5.51%,同时降低了中间包内的死区体积,死区体积降低了20.73%,从而有利于中间包内夹杂物的碰撞和上浮。
生产过程中由于生产时序或设备状况等因素的影响,需采用5流进行生产,采用物理模拟的方法对比分析关闭不同流对中间包内钢液流动状况的影响。方案三为采用关闭远流的5流生产情况,方案四为采用关闭中间流的5流生产情况,方案五为采用关闭近流的5流生产情况。
图8图9为方案三、方案四、方案五5流生产时各流钢液峰值时间和平均停留时间情况。由图8图9可知,关闭远流时,峰值时间和平均停留时间为128 s和420 s,关闭中间流时,峰值时间和平均停留时间为125 s和417 s,关闭近流时,峰值时间和平均停留时间为149 s和428 s。方案五与方案三、方案四相比,中间包内的峰值时间延长13.53%和16.09%,平均停留时间延长1.96%和2.66%。
因此根据生产工艺情况,如需5流生产时建议优先选择关流近流,有利于延长中间包内钢液的峰值时间和平均停留时间,从而使钢液在中间包内进行充分混匀,同时促进中间包内夹杂物的碰撞和上浮。
(1)通过在中间包内增加挡墙挡坝装置,中间包内钢液的峰值时间由67 s延长到172 s,延长了156.72%,中间包内钢液的平均停留时间由399 s延长到421 s,延长了5.51%,中间包内的死区体积由方案一的23.54%降低到方案二的18.66%,降低了20.73%。
(2)在中间包内设置挡墙和挡坝能有效控制中间包内钢液的流动,从而增加峰值时间和平均停留时间,降低死区体积,促进中间包内夹杂物的碰撞和上浮。
(3)对比5流生产时中间包内钢水流动的影响,根据生产工艺情况,如需5流生产建议关闭近流。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
梁新腾. 连铸中间包内钢水流动行为的数理模拟研究[D]. 包头: 内蒙古科技大学, 2007.
[2]
张西超, 孙彦辉, 徐蕊, 等. 4流连铸中间包钢水流场的物理数学模拟与应用[J]. 炼钢, 2015, 31(2):40-43.
[3]
刘菲, 刘丹. 六流连铸机T型中间包控流装置优化的物理模拟研究[J]. 宽厚板, 2016, 22(1):11-14.
[4]
张娜, 张明军, 李凤善, 等. 六流非对称中间包结构优化水模型研究[J]. 上海金属, 2016, 38(1):46-50.
2023年第49卷第3期
PDF下载
125
61
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
  • 接收时间:2023-03-27
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
  • 出版时间:2023-06-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-27
基金
作者信息
    内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bgkj/CN/1198277725736759717
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏