Article(id=1198277725350883748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198277724201644449, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)03-0023-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1680192000000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763621272647, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1687622400000, pubDateStr=2023-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763621272647, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763621272647, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763621272647, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198277724201644449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763621272373, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763621583776, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198279030370829084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198277724201644449, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198279030370829085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198277724201644449, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=23, endPage=26, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198277727095714225, articleId=1198277725350883748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Laboratory Study on Applying Hydrogenated Semi-coke with Destructive Distillation in Blast Furnace Injection, columnId=1187100781414069182, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to expand the coal resources for coal injection of Baotou Steel and reduce the fuel cost of blast furnace injection, the laboratory study on applying hydrogenated semi-coke with destructive distillation in blast furnace injection is carried out by Baotou Steel. The results showed that the hydrogenated semi-coke with destructive distillation was high quality fuel of blast furnace injection with such characteristics as low moisture, volatiles and sulfur content as well as high fixed carbon, however, its bulk density was much smaller than that of mixed pulverized coal as well as its combustion rate was better than that of existing mixed pulverized coal and without explosiveness so that its combustion and safety performances could meet the safety requirements of blast furnace injection.

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为拓展包钢喷吹煤用煤资源,降低高炉喷吹燃料成本,包钢开展了加氢干馏半焦用于高炉喷吹的实验室研究。研究结果表明,加氢干馏半焦是具有低水分、低挥发分、低硫分、高固定碳等特点的优质高炉喷吹燃料,但其堆密度远小于混合煤粉的堆密度,其燃烧率优于现用混合煤粉,没有爆炸性,其燃烧性能及安全性可以满足高炉喷吹的安全要求。

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孙 睿(1988-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事高炉喷吹、焦化技术工作。

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孙 睿(1988-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事高炉喷吹、焦化技术工作。

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孙 睿(1988-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事高炉喷吹、焦化技术工作。

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名称 水分/% 灰分/% 挥发分/% 硫分/% 固定碳/% 低位发热量/(MJ·kg-1)
加氢干馏半焦A 3.94 7.03 4.70 0.05 88.28 32.36
加氢干馏半焦B 1.50 15.27 6.18 0.23 79.49 28.22
加氢干馏半焦C 0.84 15.70 6.24 77.22
高炉用混合喷吹煤粉 2.35 8.71 17.32 70.97
无烟煤 7.98 10.53 8.25 0.71 82.09
焦化工艺灰 20.30 12.97 1.44 1.00 85.79
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燃料工业分析结果

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名称 水分/% 灰分/% 挥发分/% 硫分/% 固定碳/% 低位发热量/(MJ·kg-1)
加氢干馏半焦A 3.94 7.03 4.70 0.05 88.28 32.36
加氢干馏半焦B 1.50 15.27 6.18 0.23 79.49 28.22
加氢干馏半焦C 0.84 15.70 6.24 77.22
高炉用混合喷吹煤粉 2.35 8.71 17.32 70.97
无烟煤 7.98 10.53 8.25 0.71 82.09
焦化工艺灰 20.30 12.97 1.44 1.00 85.79
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名称 堆密度/(t·m-3) 安息角/(°)
高炉喷吹用混合煤粉 0.605 35
加氢干馏半焦A 0.195 31
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加氢干馏半焦的堆密度及安息角

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名称 堆密度/(t·m-3) 安息角/(°)
高炉喷吹用混合煤粉 0.605 35
加氢干馏半焦A 0.195 31
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名称 燃烧率/%
高炉喷吹用混合煤粉 38.2
加氢干馏半焦A 46.8
焦化工艺灰 18.9
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不同种类燃料的燃烧性能

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名称 燃烧率/%
高炉喷吹用混合煤粉 38.2
加氢干馏半焦A 46.8
焦化工艺灰 18.9
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名称 爆炸性
加氢干馏半焦A
高炉喷吹用混合煤粉
焦化工艺灰
), ArticleFig(id=1198292321998569931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198277725350883748, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同喷吹燃料的爆炸性结果

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名称 爆炸性
加氢干馏半焦A
高炉喷吹用混合煤粉
焦化工艺灰
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加氢干馏半焦用于高炉喷吹的实验室研究
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孙睿 1 , 杨帆 2 , 王雅军 2 , 李玉柱 2 , 白晓光 2
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2023,49(3): 23-26
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2023, 49(3): 23-26
加氢干馏半焦用于高炉喷吹的实验室研究
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孙睿1, 杨帆2, 王雅军2, 李玉柱2, 白晓光2
作者信息
  • 1 包头市建设工程消防设计审查验收服务中心,内蒙古 包头 014060
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 孙 睿(1988-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事高炉喷吹、焦化技术工作。

Laboratory Study on Applying Hydrogenated Semi-coke with Destructive Distillation in Blast Furnace Injection
Rui Sun1, Fan Yang2, Ya-jun Wang2, Yu-zhu Li2, Xiao-guang Bai2
Affiliations
  • 1 Baotou Review and Acceptance Service Center of Building Firesafety Design, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-06-25
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为拓展包钢喷吹煤用煤资源,降低高炉喷吹燃料成本,包钢开展了加氢干馏半焦用于高炉喷吹的实验室研究。研究结果表明,加氢干馏半焦是具有低水分、低挥发分、低硫分、高固定碳等特点的优质高炉喷吹燃料,但其堆密度远小于混合煤粉的堆密度,其燃烧率优于现用混合煤粉,没有爆炸性,其燃烧性能及安全性可以满足高炉喷吹的安全要求。

加氢干馏半焦  /  半焦  /  喷煤  /  高炉

In order to expand the coal resources for coal injection of Baotou Steel and reduce the fuel cost of blast furnace injection, the laboratory study on applying hydrogenated semi-coke with destructive distillation in blast furnace injection is carried out by Baotou Steel. The results showed that the hydrogenated semi-coke with destructive distillation was high quality fuel of blast furnace injection with such characteristics as low moisture, volatiles and sulfur content as well as high fixed carbon, however, its bulk density was much smaller than that of mixed pulverized coal as well as its combustion rate was better than that of existing mixed pulverized coal and without explosiveness so that its combustion and safety performances could meet the safety requirements of blast furnace injection.

hydrogenated semi-coke with destructive distillation  /  semi-coke  /  coal injection  /  blast furnace
孙睿, 杨帆, 王雅军, 李玉柱, 白晓光. 加氢干馏半焦用于高炉喷吹的实验室研究. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (3) : 23 -26 .
Rui Sun, Fan Yang, Ya-jun Wang, Yu-zhu Li, Xiao-guang Bai. Laboratory Study on Applying Hydrogenated Semi-coke with Destructive Distillation in Blast Furnace Injection[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (3) : 23 -26 .
半焦是无黏结性或弱黏结性的高挥发分烟煤在中低温条件下热解得到的固体碳质产品。全国每年产能可达1.0亿t,我国的半焦产业主要分布在陕西、内蒙、新疆、宁夏地区,陕西神木地区最多[1]
包钢位于呼包鄂经济区中心城市包头市,相邻世界八大煤田之一的东胜神府煤田,紧邻兰炭产地,这为包钢高炉、烧结使用半焦提供了得天独厚的区位优势。若能充分利用半焦资源,不仅可以降低包钢炼铁系统生产成本,而且对于地区产业协同发展有积极作用。
为拓宽包钢喷吹用煤资源,降低高炉喷吹燃料成本,针对某公司的新型加氢干馏半焦样品进行了高炉喷吹可行性的研究,主要的研究内容包括加氢干馏半焦的工业分析、燃烧率、爆炸性等,可为包钢使用该种清洁燃料提供技术支持。
目前国内半焦生产多以内热式直立炉工艺生产,该工艺主要以块状烟煤为原料生产半焦。该工艺所用的内热式直立炉由干燥段、干馏段和冷却段三部分组成。其生产时是将由备煤工段运来的合格煤(一般粒径在20~80 mm)首先装至煤槽内,再进入炉内的干燥段,加入干燥段的块煤向下移动,与送入炉内的加热煤气逆向接触,并逐渐升温,煤气再从顶部排出[2]
加氢干馏半焦生产采用的是在气体流化床进行中温干馏的生产工艺。该工艺生产半焦时是先将无黏结性或弱黏结性的高挥发分烟煤进入磨煤机制粉,制粉后通过进料系统将煤粉送入气化炉流化,流化后的煤粉在氢气环境下在气化炉中进行中温干馏,干馏的固态产物加氢干馏半焦从气化炉底部排出,煤气从气化炉顶部排出。由于加氢干馏工艺的特点,该半焦的形成过程,包括制备的温度、气氛、压力等条件,都会对半焦的孔结构和表面结构等产生影响,进而影响其各项性能[3]
目前高炉喷煤作为一种有效的调剂手段在高炉生产中被广泛应用,其中高炉喷吹煤粉的各项性能指标要满足高炉冶炼工艺的要求,以便发挥煤粉替代焦炭发热剂的作用。行业内一般要求高炉喷吹用煤的灰分、硫分越低越好,固定碳越高越好;结焦性能要求不能在高炉风口喷枪处结焦,以免堵塞喷枪和风口;煤粉需要一定细度,一般混合煤粉-0.074 mm占比大于65%,燃烧性能要求优良,以便在风口前快速燃烧;同时要求煤粉没有爆炸性,以满足煤粉在输送过程中的安全要求。综合高炉对喷吹煤的各项性能要求结合加氢干馏半焦生产工艺的特点,对加氢干馏半焦进行了工业分析、堆比重及安息角、煤粉燃烧性能以及爆炸性的研究。
经与生产加氢干馏半焦的公司沟通,该公司提供了三个试验样品,结合加氢干馏半焦的特点和高炉生产的要求,针对目前包钢用混合煤粉、无烟煤及高炉掺配的焦化工艺灰的工业分析与加氢干馏半焦进行了对比。工业分析的检测方法采用GB/T 212—2008《煤的工业分析方法》[4]、GB/T 213—2008《煤的发热量测定方法》[5]、GB/T 214—2007《煤中全硫的测定方法》[6]等相关测试方法对各喷吹煤粉进行测定,混合煤粉、无烟煤、焦化工艺灰及加氢干馏半焦的工业分析结果见表1
表1的数据可知,从工业分析的结果来看,加氢干馏半焦具有低水分、低挥发分、低硫分、高灰分及高固定碳等特点,就加氢干馏半焦B和加氢干馏半焦C的工业分析而言,其灰分较高,不符合高炉喷吹要求。
为满足高炉喷吹要求,经与样品提供公司交流,加氢干馏半焦的灰分主要受原煤灰分影响,如加氢干馏半焦A的灰分相对较低。加氢干馏半焦工业分析可根据包钢的高炉喷吹用煤的实际要求进行定制,通过采用低灰煤种进行定制生产后即可满足目前包钢高炉喷吹要求。由于加氢干馏半焦A成分较为理想,后续研究主要以加氢干馏半焦A作为对象与高炉喷吹用混合煤粉及焦化工艺灰进行对比研究。
由于加氢干馏半焦生产时是先制粉后干馏,其堆比重等性能较一般高炉喷吹煤粉有较大差别,因此针对加氢干馏半焦的生产特点和包钢高炉的现有装备水平、工艺特点、对煤粉的要求及生产情况,对加氢干馏半焦A的堆比重及安息角进行了测定,测定方法采用MT/T 739—2011《煤炭堆密度小容器的测定方法》[7]和GB/T 18702—2002《煤炭安息角测定方法》[8]对煤的堆密度、安息角进行了测定,测定结果见表2
表2的数据可知,从安息角的数据可知加氢干馏半焦的安息角较混合煤粉略小,因此加氢干馏半焦的流动性应较高炉用混合喷吹煤粉略好。
从堆密度数据来看,加氢干馏半焦的堆密度远远小于混合煤粉的堆密度,在实际生产使用中可能会导致与混合煤粉混合不均及料罐装料重量不足的问题,针对该问题需要结合现有生产要求及设备情况开展工业试验,在生产中加以验证。
为了解加氢干馏半焦的燃烧性能,同时对比与目前高炉喷吹用混合煤粉和焦化工艺灰在燃烧性能方面的差异,对混合煤粉、焦化工艺灰及加氢干馏半焦的燃烧率进行测定。测定方法采用模拟高炉喷煤的立式煤粉燃烧炉进行燃烧率的测定。混合煤粉、焦化工艺灰及加氢干馏半焦的燃烧率测定结果见表3
表3的数据可知,加氢干馏半焦的燃烧率最好,高炉喷吹用混合煤粉次之,焦化工艺灰的燃烧率最差。根据堆比重的试验结果侧面反映出加氢干馏半焦燃烧率较高是由于其有较大的比表面积。由于加氢干馏半焦的生产工艺的原因,加氢干馏半焦是将烟煤制粉后在加氢流化床反应器中制得,在加氢干馏过程中,煤粉中的挥发分析出,煤粉颗粒膨胀,进而形成较多的细微孔洞,因此造成加氢干馏半焦的比表面积会较大,堆比重较小。由于加氢干馏半焦有较大的比表面积,较大的比表面积为氧气在燃料内部的扩散以及燃料与氧气的接触提供了有利条件,因此加氢干馏半焦相较高炉混合用喷吹煤粉、焦化工艺灰的燃烧性能要好。
加氢干馏半焦的比表面积可达158 m2/g左右,而一般煤粉的比表面积一般在10~30 m2/g左右,两者相差较大[3]
由于加氢干馏半焦A的固定碳含量较现用高炉喷吹用混合煤粉高,结合加氢干馏半焦A的燃烧率数据来看,其对高炉降低焦比及燃料比有积极作用。
为保证满足高炉喷吹安全生产的要求,对加氢干馏半焦的爆炸性进行测定。检测方法采用AQ 1045—2007《煤尘爆炸性鉴定规范》[9]相关方法,测定结果见表4
表4爆炸性的结果来看,加氢干馏半焦的测定结果与高炉喷吹用混合煤粉、焦化工艺灰相同,均没有爆炸性。爆炸性数据可以满足高炉喷吹对煤粉的安全要求。
(1)加氢干馏半焦是一种有低水分、低挥发分、低硫分、高灰分及高固定碳的喷吹燃料,其工业分析指标基本满足高炉生产对煤粉的需求。
(2)加氢干馏半焦的堆密度远远小于混合煤粉的堆密度,加氢干馏半焦的安息角略低于现用高炉喷吹用混合煤粉,流动性略优于高炉喷吹用混合煤粉。
(3)加氢干馏半焦的燃烧率优于现用混合煤粉、焦化工艺灰。
(4)加氢干馏半焦没有爆炸性,可以满足高炉喷吹对煤粉的安全要求。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
马宝岐. 半焦的利用[M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2014.
[2]
马金霞, 牛鸿权, 张晋豪, 等. 兰炭生产工艺及应用研究[J]. 煤化工, 2022, 50(3):95-97,107.
[3]
马志超, 汪国庆, 周三, 等. 煤加氢气化半焦气流床气化性能实验研究[J]. 化学工程, 2022, 50(10):57-62.
[4]
GB/T 212—2008,煤的工业分析方法[S].
[5]
GB/T 213—2008,煤的发热量测定方法[S].
[6]
GB/T 214—2007,煤中全硫的测定方法[S].
[7]
MT/T 739—2011,煤炭堆密度小容器测定方法[S].
[8]
GB/T 18702—2002,煤炭安息角测定方法[S].
[9]
AQ 1045—2007,煤尘爆炸性鉴定规范[S].
2023年第49卷第3期
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  • 接收时间:2023-03-31
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
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    1 包头市建设工程消防设计审查验收服务中心,内蒙古 包头 014060
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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