Article(id=1198267809781346472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198267803028521972, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)01-0085-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1670860800000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763618908590, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1677254400000, pubDateStr=2023-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763618908590, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763618908590, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763618908590, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198267803028521972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763618906981, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763619307448, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198269482767581847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198267803028521972, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198269482771776152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198267803028521972, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=85, endPage=88, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198267810171416752, articleId=1198267809781346472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Research and Applications of Automatic Charging Technology for Rare Earth Oxide, columnId=1187100786392711543, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Equipment and Automation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The rare earth oxides of lanthanum and cerium are high-value rare earth products, they are usually packed in the packing bags of 500 kg or 1 000 kg and the bagging error is required to be less than 0.05%. At present, the manual bagging is adopted, followed by the charging mode of weighing and compensating. There are such steps for the charging process of each ton bag as hanging bag, charging, carrying, weighing and compensating, so at least 4~5 workers are needed. There are such problems as high labor cost and low production efficiency. The automatic charging machine whose charging error is less than 0.05% and supporting charging basket are developed by adopting such technologies as automation and high-precision measurement and weighing. As a result, the automatic charging for the rare earth oxide products of lanthanum and cerium is realized as well as the problems that complex process of charging rare earth oxide products and several workers needed to operate are solved so that the working efficiency is improved and labor costs are reduced.

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镧、铈稀土氧化物是高价值稀土产品,一般采用500 kg或者1 000 kg包装袋包装,要求装袋误差小于0.05%。目前采用人工装袋,再进行称重补差的装料方式,每一个吨袋的装料过程需要挂袋、装料、搬运、称重、补差等多个步骤,至少需要4至5名工人,存在人工成本高、生产效率低的问题。通过采用自动化、高精度计量称重等技术,研制了装料误差小于0.05%的自动装料机及配套料筐,实现了镧、铈稀土氧化物产品的自动装料,解决了目前稀土氧化物产品装料生产过程中步骤繁琐、多人操作的问题,提高了工作效率,降低了人工成本。

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田 凯(1973-),男,河北省易县人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事机械和自动化设备管理工作。

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田 凯(1973-),男,河北省易县人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事机械和自动化设备管理工作。

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田 凯(1973-),男,河北省易县人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事机械和自动化设备管理工作。

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稀土氧化物自动化装料技术的研究与应用
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田凯 1 , 郭文亮 2 , 芦建文 1 , 邹德蛟 1 , 郑淑霞 1 , 赵楠 1 , 吴海峰 1
包钢科技 | 设备与自动化 2023,49(1): 85-88
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包钢科技 | 设备与自动化 2023, 49(1): 85-88
稀土氧化物自动化装料技术的研究与应用
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田凯1, 郭文亮2, 芦建文1, 邹德蛟1, 郑淑霞1, 赵楠1, 吴海峰1
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古新联信息产业有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢和发稀土公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 田 凯(1973-),男,河北省易县人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事机械和自动化设备管理工作。

Research and Applications of Automatic Charging Technology for Rare Earth Oxide
Kai Tian1, Wen-liang Guo2, Jian-wen Lu1, De-jiao Zou1, Shu-xia Zheng1, Nan Zhao1, Hai-feng Wu1
Affiliations
  • 1 Inner Mongolia Xinlian Information Industry Co. , Ltd. , Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Hefa Rare Earth Co. , Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-02-25
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镧、铈稀土氧化物是高价值稀土产品,一般采用500 kg或者1 000 kg包装袋包装,要求装袋误差小于0.05%。目前采用人工装袋,再进行称重补差的装料方式,每一个吨袋的装料过程需要挂袋、装料、搬运、称重、补差等多个步骤,至少需要4至5名工人,存在人工成本高、生产效率低的问题。通过采用自动化、高精度计量称重等技术,研制了装料误差小于0.05%的自动装料机及配套料筐,实现了镧、铈稀土氧化物产品的自动装料,解决了目前稀土氧化物产品装料生产过程中步骤繁琐、多人操作的问题,提高了工作效率,降低了人工成本。

自动装料机  /  稀土氧化物  /  料筐

The rare earth oxides of lanthanum and cerium are high-value rare earth products, they are usually packed in the packing bags of 500 kg or 1 000 kg and the bagging error is required to be less than 0.05%. At present, the manual bagging is adopted, followed by the charging mode of weighing and compensating. There are such steps for the charging process of each ton bag as hanging bag, charging, carrying, weighing and compensating, so at least 4~5 workers are needed. There are such problems as high labor cost and low production efficiency. The automatic charging machine whose charging error is less than 0.05% and supporting charging basket are developed by adopting such technologies as automation and high-precision measurement and weighing. As a result, the automatic charging for the rare earth oxide products of lanthanum and cerium is realized as well as the problems that complex process of charging rare earth oxide products and several workers needed to operate are solved so that the working efficiency is improved and labor costs are reduced.

automatic charging machine  /  rare earth oxide  /  charging basket
田凯, 郭文亮, 芦建文, 邹德蛟, 郑淑霞, 赵楠, 吴海峰. 稀土氧化物自动化装料技术的研究与应用. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (1) : 85 -88 .
Kai Tian, Wen-liang Guo, Jian-wen Lu, De-jiao Zou, Shu-xia Zheng, Nan Zhao, Hai-feng Wu. Research and Applications of Automatic Charging Technology for Rare Earth Oxide[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (1) : 85 -88 .
目前国内散料产品生产企业的备袋、计量、灌装、码垛、运输等作业环节基本采用人工作业方式,普遍存在生产效率低、人工成本高的问题。北方稀土生产的镧、铈等稀土氧化物产品是潮湿的散状物料,采用500 kg或者1 000 kg包装,本文将此类包装袋称为吨袋。包装袋要求装袋重量误差小于0.05%。其生产过程是工人将吨袋套在装料仓出料口,装料过程中不称重,工人观察吨袋基本装满物料后,用叉车搬运至平台秤称重,按照0.05%误差要求为吨袋补料或者减料。每一个吨袋的装料过程需要装料、搬运、称重、补差4个步骤,至少需要4至5名工人。为了解决稀土氧化物产品装料过程自动化程度低的问题,采用自动化、高精度计量称重技术,研制了误差小于0.05%的高精度自动装料机及配套设备,实现了稀土氧化物产品装料过程自动化、无人化,吨袋装料过程一次完成,提高了生产作业效率,降低了人工成本。
近年来,国内包装机械从技术、设计和制造等方面发展较快,从前期的由国外引进先进设备和技术并在此基础上进行消化吸收,到自行设计制造生产出较为先进的电子秤称量及PLC与微机控制的各种类型的包装机[1]。机电结合的包装技术,采用了更多的传感器和程序控制以及外围设备,包装机械的结构更复杂,可调性更好,同时也带来了故障排除和处理更加复杂的问题。
在包装技术的发展过程中,物料自动化设备的高精度化成为未来行业发展的重要趋势。散装物料灌装技术的发展体现在高精度、一体化等指标要求的不断提升;制造业企业生产方式逐步向多品种、小批量的生产方式转变,对包装设备的柔性化程度提出更高的要求,引导包装技术逐步朝柔性化方向发展;随着传感技术、5G技术、自动化技术、仿真技术等先进智能化技术的快速发展,推动物料灌装生产智能化程度不断提升,在提高效率、降低成本、优化体验方面发挥了重要的作用[2]
镧、铈稀土氧化物产品采用两层包装袋包装,外袋是尼龙材料编织袋,内袋是PE材料袋。在装料前,工人先将吨袋内袋、外袋打开,并将内袋套在外袋里。将套好内、外袋的吨袋挂吊在下料仓上,以保证装料过程中不堆料、不撒料。装料过程中还需要人工打开、关闭料仓仓门来控制装料量。在叉车装卸吨袋时,需要工人将吨袋吊耳挂在叉车插齿上或者从插齿上摘下来。针对以上存在的问题,本文设计研制了装料误差小于0.05%的自动装料机,实现了高价值稀土氧化物无人自动装料;研制了具备自动脱钩功能的吨袋料筐。不仅解决了装料过程中由于吨袋变形导致堆料的问题,同时解决了叉车装卸吨袋过程中需要人工配合的问题,实现了稀土氧化物生产线无人自动化包装。
为了解决装料过程中吨袋变形导致堆料与装卸吨袋挂吊耳的问题,本文设计制作了具有吨袋挂耳支撑与脱钩机构、不锈钢材质的吨筐,如图1所示。稀土产品有500 kg、1 000 kg等不同装袋量要求,配有不同尺寸的袋子,考虑到生产的柔性要求,吨筐的外形设计采用了可伸缩方式,在长、宽、高三个方向上都可以伸缩,确保不同尺寸的袋子都可以套在吨筐上。在吨筐设计中,将吨袋挂袋与运输托盘的作用整合在一起。吨筐底板采用钢板,起到承托吨袋底部的作用。底板长度为1 100 mm,宽度为1 100 mm,距地面高度为100 mm。底板与地面空间作为叉车插齿插口。
吨筐的实际使用方式是:装料前,先将吨袋外袋套在吨筐里面,外袋口沿吨筐四个上边沿外翻,将外袋吊耳挂在吨筐的挂耳钩上,然后,将吨袋内袋套在外袋里面,套好吨袋的吨筐就可以送去装料。吨筐的刚性框架能够保证装料过程中吨袋不变形,不堆料,不撒料。叉车搬运吨筐时,叉车插齿叉在吨筐底部,插口抬起,叉车行走。需要将吨袋从吨筐中取出时,叉车将插齿插入挂在吨筐挂耳上的吨袋吊耳带,向上抬起插齿就可以将吨袋从吨筐中取出,同时吨袋吊耳也脱离了吨筐挂耳挂钩,实现了吨袋的自动脱钩。
稀土镧、铈氧化物是含水量在1%~40%之间,是具有一定腐蚀性的散状潮湿物料,物料存在结块现象。改造前为人工装卸料方式。物料由带滤机输送至下料仓,在重力作用下,物料通过下料仓底部料门落入吨袋。装料前,将空吨袋挂在下料仓上,打开料门,当物料装满一个吨袋后,工人关闭料门,叉车将满吨袋搬走,完成一个吨袋装料过程。挂上一个新的空吨袋,开始一个新的吨袋装料循环。吨袋装料过程中不进行称重计量,需要工人根据吨袋料位来判断是否装满,如果工人判断已经装满,叉车搬运吨袋至平台秤称重,工人根据实际称重与标准重量差值,为吨袋补料或者减料。在装料、搬运过程中,装料前,需要工人将吨袋挂在下料仓上;装料过程中,需要工人不断地查看装料料位;装满料后,需要工人配合叉车将吨袋挂耳挂在叉车插齿上,放置吨袋时,需要工人摘下吨袋挂耳。一个吨袋包装过程至少需要挂袋、装料、搬运、称重、补料、再搬运6个操作步骤,整个过程需要4至5人配合完成,不仅作业效率低,而且人工成本高。
设计无人自动装料机的目的是在装料前采用AGV(Automated Guided Vehicle)无人叉车将套好吨袋的吨筐送至包装机下料口,取消工人挂吨袋动作。装料过程中不再需要工人观察吨袋装料料位,装料后取消称重补料作业步骤。搬运吨袋过程中叉车利用吨筐挂耳插取吨袋,取消搬运吨袋时工人在插齿上挂吨袋吊耳的动作,实现吨袋包装作业自动化、无人化。技术指标要求吨袋装料误差小于0.05%,每袋灌装速度小于5 min。
自动给料装置一般有皮带给料、螺旋给料器等方式[3]。皮带下料方式速度快,但是下料量控制不够精准,螺旋给料器恰好相反,下料量可精准控制,但是下料速度慢。为了保证每袋5 min的灌装速度,本文设计采用两个口径为260 mm的大螺旋给料器,一个口径为159 mm的小螺旋给料器,共同组成垂直三螺旋下料机构。两个大螺旋给料器快速下料,可以在3~4 min装料900 kg,能够保证装料速度要求,小螺旋给料器精准控制装料,可以保证装料精度。镧、铈稀土氧化物是含水量在1%~40%的潮湿粉末状物料,在螺旋给料器中容易粘料附着在螺旋壁上,造成堵料问题,不仅影响装料精度,而且会影响生产过程。本文将螺旋给料器设计成垂直给料方式,并且在垂直螺旋给料器中增加吹扫装置,在装完每个吨袋后,采用高压空气对下料螺旋给料器进行自动吹扫。含水稀土氧化物容易结块,从而发生堵料,本文设计采用筛网筛分装置,在物料进入下料仓前,利用筛分装置将物料按料块大小进行筛分,大块物料直接进入大螺旋给料器,小粒度物料进入小螺旋给料器。然后通过三个螺旋给料器分别送入各自下料仓,避免了结块物料堵塞螺旋下料装置的情况。无人自动装料机如图2所示。
无人自动装料机由接料仓、提升输送皮带、储料仓、三螺旋垂直给料机构、下料仓、称重地中衡、框架、吹扫装置、液晶控制面板及PLC控制系统等部分组成。接料仓用于承接、存储带滤机输送的物料,在接料仓中设计安装称重传感器,并将重量信号实时发送给PLC控制系统,用以检测带滤机是否输送物料给接料仓。提升皮带用于将物料提升至4 m高度,并将物料送入储料仓。PLC系统控制包装机的运行,并且与外部设备通讯。
镧、铈稀土氧化物有500 kg、1 000 kg两种吨袋的装料量,以1 000 kg包装吨袋为例说明装料机工作流程。包装前通过液晶控制面板预先设定装料重量为1 000 kg,稀土氧化物通过带滤机送入接料仓。PLC检测到接料仓中称重传感器所称物料重量超过100 kg时,打开接料仓料门,并启动提升皮带并将物料提升到4 m以上高度,送入储料仓,储料仓将物料送入筛网筛分,按料块大小分别传送至三个垂直螺旋给料器。螺旋给料器将物料送入各自下料仓,通过下料口装入吨袋。当PLC检测到称重地中衡所称吨袋的重量超过850 kg时,停止两个大螺旋给料器运行,并关闭大螺旋给料器下料仓料门。小螺旋给料器继续下料,PLC根据称重地中衡所称吨袋重量,逐步关闭小螺旋给料器料门,直至吨袋重量达到1 000 kg。PLC通过网络发送满包信号给AGV调度系统,同时启动吹扫装置,清理螺旋给料机。AGV调度系统接到满包信号后,指挥无人叉车取走满包吨筐,并传送一个空包吨筐至装料机下料口,开始新吨袋装料。
在自动装料机装料过程中,采用吨筐套吨袋的方式,由AGV无人叉车将套好吨袋的吨筐送至包装机下料口,不需要人工挂吨袋。包装料过程中装料重量由称重地中衡与PLC控制,不需要工人观察装料状态。自动装料机装料误差小于0.05%,能够满足装料精度,不需要再次称重补料。搬运吨袋过程中,叉车利用吨筐挂耳插取吨袋,不需要工人在插齿上挂吨袋吊耳。自动包装机运行过程实现了吨袋装料作业自动化、无人化。
随着人力成本的日益增长以及稀土产品的规模化生产的发展需求,稀土产业对于投入成本、生产效率、人均产出的要求将会越来越高。生产过程的无人化、自动化升级必然会成为稀土产业生产方式变革的重要途径。本文采用先进的自动化、高精度计量称重技术,研制了误差小于0.05%的高精度自动装料机及配套设备。在稀土氧化物产品装料过程中,减少了4至5名操作工人,缩短了装料过程,实现了稀土氧化物产品装料过程自动化、无人化,提高了生产作业效率,降低了人工成本,满足了稀土氧化物装料生产自动化要求,取得了较好的应用效果。
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2023年第49卷第1期
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  • 接收时间:2022-12-13
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
  • 出版时间:2023-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-13
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    1 内蒙古新联信息产业有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢和发稀土公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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