Article(id=1198267809248669857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198267803028521972, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)01-0078-03, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1667923200000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763618908464, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1677254400000, pubDateStr=2023-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763618908464, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763618908464, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763618908464, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198267803028521972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763618906981, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763619307448, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198269482767581847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198267803028521972, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198269482771776152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198267803028521972, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=78, endPage=80, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198267810087530670, articleId=1198267809248669857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Study on Design Application of Machine for Automatically Changing Conveying Belt, columnId=1187100786392711543, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Equipment and Automation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve such problems as low efficiency, long time-consuming, large human input and potential safety hazards for the overall replacement of conveying belt in processing line as well as complete the overall replacement of conveying belt safely and efficiently, a set of equipment for automatically changing conveying belt is studied and designed through theoretical analysis and calculations combining with practical experiences. The equipment includes the drive system of old belt, support system of new belt and control system. After the old belt is disconnected, one end is fixed onto drive unit as well as drive system is started to export and roll up old belt, while the old belt is to import new belt. After that, vulcanize and bond the new belt. The practices prove that the automatic replacement of belt could be realized with the equipment as well as the whole process is safe and efficient, which is with wide application prospect.

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为了解决加工线输送皮带整体更换存在的效率低、耗时长、人力投入多、存在安全隐患等问题,安全高效地完成输送皮带整体更换工作,结合实践经验并通过理论分析和计算,研究设计了一套输送皮带自动更换设备。此设备分为旧皮带驱动系统、新皮带支撑系统和控制系统。将旧皮带断开后,一端固定在驱动装置上,启动驱动系统将旧皮带导出并卷起,同时利用旧皮带将新皮带导入,完成后,硫化粘结新皮带。实践证明,此设备可实现自动更换皮带,全过程安全高效,具有广阔的应用前景。

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范永明(1982-),男,内蒙古四子王旗人,高级工程师,现从事钢渣深加工综合利用工作。

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范永明(1982-),男,内蒙古四子王旗人,高级工程师,现从事钢渣深加工综合利用工作。

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范永明(1982-),男,内蒙古四子王旗人,高级工程师,现从事钢渣深加工综合利用工作。

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输送皮带自动更换机的设计应用研究
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范永明 , 许建雄 , 李志辉 , 李晓莉 , 庞瑜
包钢科技 | 设备与自动化 2023,49(1): 78-80
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包钢科技 | 设备与自动化 2023, 49(1): 78-80
输送皮带自动更换机的设计应用研究
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范永明, 许建雄, 李志辉, 李晓莉, 庞瑜
作者信息
  • 包钢集团冶金渣综合利用开发有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 范永明(1982-),男,内蒙古四子王旗人,高级工程师,现从事钢渣深加工综合利用工作。

Study on Design Application of Machine for Automatically Changing Conveying Belt
Yong-ming Fan, Jian-xiong Xu, Zhi-hui Li, Xiao-li Li, Yu Pang
Affiliations
  • Baotou Steel Group Comprehensive Utilization of Metallurgical Slag Co. , Ltd. , Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-02-25
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为了解决加工线输送皮带整体更换存在的效率低、耗时长、人力投入多、存在安全隐患等问题,安全高效地完成输送皮带整体更换工作,结合实践经验并通过理论分析和计算,研究设计了一套输送皮带自动更换设备。此设备分为旧皮带驱动系统、新皮带支撑系统和控制系统。将旧皮带断开后,一端固定在驱动装置上,启动驱动系统将旧皮带导出并卷起,同时利用旧皮带将新皮带导入,完成后,硫化粘结新皮带。实践证明,此设备可实现自动更换皮带,全过程安全高效,具有广阔的应用前景。

皮带输送机  /  皮带更换  /  自动化  /  安全高效

In order to solve such problems as low efficiency, long time-consuming, large human input and potential safety hazards for the overall replacement of conveying belt in processing line as well as complete the overall replacement of conveying belt safely and efficiently, a set of equipment for automatically changing conveying belt is studied and designed through theoretical analysis and calculations combining with practical experiences. The equipment includes the drive system of old belt, support system of new belt and control system. After the old belt is disconnected, one end is fixed onto drive unit as well as drive system is started to export and roll up old belt, while the old belt is to import new belt. After that, vulcanize and bond the new belt. The practices prove that the automatic replacement of belt could be realized with the equipment as well as the whole process is safe and efficient, which is with wide application prospect.

belt conveyor  /  belt replacement  /  automatic  /  safe and efficient
范永明, 许建雄, 李志辉, 李晓莉, 庞瑜. 输送皮带自动更换机的设计应用研究. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (1) : 78 -80 .
Yong-ming Fan, Jian-xiong Xu, Zhi-hui Li, Xiao-li Li, Yu Pang. Study on Design Application of Machine for Automatically Changing Conveying Belt[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (1) : 78 -80 .
包钢冶金渣公司主要负责包钢(集团)公司新、老体系炼钢排渣保产任务,针对尾渣建有两条磁选加工线进行提纯分选,主要采用输送皮带运输工艺实现物料分类运输,每年更换多条长度100 m以上的皮带,每次更换皮带时间控制在24~48 h。长度为200 m以上的皮带更换需要48 h,不仅占用了正常生产时间,在安装新皮带和拆卸旧皮带时需投入大量人力,劳动强度较大,而且更换过程中,始终有一台装载机或吊车配合吊装,造成了工程机具的长时间占用。磁选加工线长时间检修,造成排渣保产场地紧张,影响排渣保产工作。
经过现场分析研究和精确的数据计算,研究出了一整套更换皮带的新技术,本技术适用于皮带较多、更换次数较频繁的工矿企业。
皮带头轮采用10~35 kW电机驱动整条皮带,尾部受料;运输能力为100~150 t/h;运输倾角25°~30°;皮带长度为100~320 m;线速度为1.25 m/s;提升高度为5~10 m。胶带选用尼龙200型三层线输送皮带,皮带宽度为650~800 mm,皮带厚度为12 mm,单条皮带重量为0.8~2.4 t。
为实现旧皮带牵引新皮带,完成整个更换过程,先设计旧皮带导出和新皮带导入路线图[1],如图1所示。
为了实现拆除旧皮带和安装新皮带同步进行,且两条皮带不能相互发生摩擦,将主动轴(驱动旧皮带)和被动轴(支撑新皮带)并列设计,涨紧轮下端安装两个导向托辊。在涨紧轮处将旧皮带断开,一端与被动轴上新皮带连接,另一端与主动轴上皮带连接,实现拆除与安装同步进行。
为了保证施工过程安全可靠,必须针对设备布置及部件特点进行计算分析。
旧皮带与新皮带驱动力计算公式:[2]
F=C×f×L×g(qRO+qRU+4qB)+FS
式中:C为装料系数,取1.04;f为模拟摩擦系数,取0.03;L为输送机长度,取160 m;g为重力加速度,9.8 m/s2;qRO为承载分支托辊每米长旋转质量,3.5 kg/m;qRU为回程分支托辊每米长旋转质量,2.5 kg/m;qB为输送带每米质量,3.2 kg/m;FS为各种附加阻力,150 N。
所以:
F=C×f×L×g(qRO+qRU+4qB)+FS=1.04×0.03×160×9.8×(3.5+2.5+4×3.2)+150=1 070 N
按照0.5 m/s的速度驱动皮带,相应消耗功率为:
P=Fv=0.535 kW
式中:F为驱动力,N;v为皮带驱动速度,m/s。
因此,选择功率为1.5 kW的电动机(型号:LM-90L-4)作为驱动电机,配套涡轮蜗杆减速机,输出转速为10 r/min,最大扭矩为1 450 N·m,完全满足驱动新、旧两条皮带的需求。
结合皮带导入、导出示意图(图1),设计皮带自动更换机。整个结构均采用400 mm×140 mm工字钢焊接而成,也可以采用主动、被动分体螺栓连接,方便拆装移动。主动轴采用Φ76 mm×8 mm厚壁无缝钢管制作而成[3],使用钢卡子固定,方便拆装。电机减速机根据计算选用一台型号为LM-90L-4 (1.5 kW)的涡轮蜗杆电机减速一体机。该设计可以满足宽度为1 200 mm以下矿用输送皮带更换需求。
主要采用“旧皮带牵引新皮带”的方法敷设新皮带和“新皮带带动旧皮带”的方法回收旧皮带。更换皮带时,需在涨紧轮或皮带更换出口处加装两个平托辊,起到皮带导向作用(如图2所示);将该设备吊装至更换位置处,将新皮带放置于被动轴上,接头与涨紧轮处断开的旧皮带一端固定;旧皮带穿过平托辊与主动轴连接,按下启动按钮,开始皮带自动更换。
施工工艺流程图如图3所示。
硫化粘接皮带采用标准工艺规范,包括皮带截取、粗剥、打磨、刷胶浆、铺底层胶、排布、铺上层胶和装配硫化器、打压升温、恒温恒压和自然冷却等工序[4]。接头总长为1 200 mm,接头角度为16.7°,采用搭接法。首先沿接头过渡区将胶带上、下层覆盖胶剥离出宽度为20 cm的区域;用直向磨光机打磨,注意不得磨伤线层;之后给打磨面刷专用胶浆,并铺底层胶。搭接皮带、安装硫化器要注意安装硫化梁的穿杠。在打压和冷却等关键工艺中,加热温度应达到145~155 ℃,压力控制在1.2~1.5 MPa。当温度达到150 ℃时,自动保温,并持续100~110 min,且保持压力恒定。恒温恒压结束后,待接头温度自然冷却至70 ℃以下,拆除硫化器。
将自动皮带更换机的主动轴上的旧皮带卷两侧的卡子松开,吊运至皮带回收区,抽出空心轴,并将空心轴安装于自动更换皮带机主轴上,以备下次使用。
(1)将新皮带开端与旧皮带搭接,搭接处一定要避开旧皮带硫化粘接接头。搭接长度控制在200 mm左右,用4个M10×45平头螺栓固定牢固,对搭接头进行倒角。
(2)固定在驱动轴上的皮带与断开的旧皮带搭接,搭接长度控制在200 mm左右,且用4个M10×45平头螺栓固定牢固,对搭接头进行倒角。
(3)皮带通廊内部检查完毕,启动设备驱动系统,以不大于0.5 m/s的线速度运行,卷动旧皮带,同时带动新皮带上线。此过程新旧胶带搭接处须设专人跟踪检查,以防在运行中搭接头刮到机架或发生开裂事故。当搭接头分别转动至涨紧轮、头轮和尾轮处,跟踪人员需重点检查。
(4)待旧皮带全部导出成卷,新皮带全部导入,接头运转至涨紧轮处,断开旧皮带,与新皮带搭接后,将新皮带两端搭接,启动皮带头轮电机将搭接头运转至皮带通廊内硫化粘接处,开始硫化粘接。
应用此设备可实现整体更换输送皮带自动化,机械设备代替人工,旧皮带拆除和新皮带安装同步完成,全过程安全可靠,不仅解决了整体更换输送皮带过程中存在的效率低、耗时长、人力投入多等问题,还消除了施工过程存在安全隐患。
改进前,我公司钢渣磁选加工线皮带拆装过程的平均时间为12 h,硫化粘接平均时间为12 h,共计24 h。应用此设备后,拆装皮带的平均时间为40 min,硫化粘接的平均时间为7 h,共计7.67 h,新皮带安装和旧皮带拆除一次性完成,效率提高约70%,且新皮带的长度计算更加精确,每次节约皮带约10 m。
以每年更换3次皮带计算,外委加工费15元/t,皮带150元/m,装载机台班费3 000元,节约机具、人工、加工、材料费用:3 000元/台班×2个台班+16.4 h×3×100 t/h×15元/t+10 m×150元/m×3=84 300元。
我公司多次应用此设备顺利完成钢渣磁选加工线输送皮带整体更换工作。实践证明,此设备具有安全程度高、施工工期短、投入费用低、投入人力少及场地适应性好等优点,可以将皮带整体更换作业效率提高约70%。该设备已获国家实用新型专利,所采用的相关工艺技术在国内矿用设备尚属首次投入使用,具有非常好的推广应用前景。
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2023年第49卷第1期
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  • 接收时间:2022-11-09
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
  • 出版时间:2023-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-09
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    包钢集团冶金渣综合利用开发有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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