Article(id=1198267808476917904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198267803028521972, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)01-0070-03, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1671033600000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763618908279, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1677254400000, pubDateStr=2023-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763618908279, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763618908279, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763618908279, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198267803028521972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763618906981, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763619307448, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198269482767581847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198267803028521972, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198269482771776152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198267803028521972, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=70, endPage=72, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198267808795685010, articleId=1198267808476917904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Exploration on Material Selection of Gas Pressure Piping in Iron Steel Industry in Severe Cold Area, columnId=1187100786392711543, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Equipment and Automation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the paper, it is proposed how to select the pipeline material and some matters needing attention in low temperature environment condition by analyzing the lowest design operating temperature of gas pressure piping in the iron and steel industry. The gas pipe in the iron and steel industry is usually with large pipe diameter and low pressure, so it is not pressure piping. With the development of new technologies, some gas pipes with pressure higher than 0.1 MPa are pressure piping. The design of material should be based on the pressure piping code. In the severe cold area, when the lowest design operating temperature of pipe is lower than -20 ℃, the applicability of materials selected for pressure piping in low temperature conditions shall be considered.

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文章通过分析钢铁行业煤气压力管道设计最低使用温度,提出了在低温环境条件下管道材料如何选择和一些注意事项。钢铁行业煤气管道通常管径大、压力低,不属于压力管道。随着新工艺和新技术的发展,一些压力高于0.1 MPa的煤气管道就属于压力管道。在设计选材时,需要按照压力管道规范进行设计。在严寒地区,当管道设计最低使用温度低于-20 ℃时,要考虑低温条件下压力管道选用材料的适用性。

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郭军虎(1987-),男,陕西省咸阳市人,工程师,现从事燃气设计及管理工作。

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郭军虎(1987-),男,陕西省咸阳市人,工程师,现从事燃气设计及管理工作。

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郭军虎(1987-),男,陕西省咸阳市人,工程师,现从事燃气设计及管理工作。

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注:1.材料最低使用温度/厚度组合位于相应曲线或以上者,可免除冲击试验,位于曲线以下者,应进行冲击试验(低温低应力工况、低温降应力工况及小截面除外)。

2.Q235B及Q235C等为A类材料,10#、20#、16Mn、16MnR为B类材料。

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序号 材质 需符合的标准
及规范
最低使用温度
/℃
1 L245/B(PLS2) GB/T 9711 -30
2 L290/B(PLS2)及以上 GB/T 9711 -30
3 Q345E GB/T 6479 -40
4 10MnDG GB/T 18984 -46
5 16MnDG GB/T 18984 -46
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低温环境条件下推荐管道材料表

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序号 材质 需符合的标准
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1 L245/B(PLS2) GB/T 9711 -30
2 L290/B(PLS2)及以上 GB/T 9711 -30
3 Q345E GB/T 6479 -40
4 10MnDG GB/T 18984 -46
5 16MnDG GB/T 18984 -46
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严寒地区钢铁行业煤气压力管道选材探析
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郭军虎
包钢科技 | 设备与自动化 2023,49(1): 70-72
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包钢科技 | 设备与自动化 2023, 49(1): 70-72
严寒地区钢铁行业煤气压力管道选材探析
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郭军虎
作者信息
  • 中钢集团工程设计研究院有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 郭军虎(1987-),男,陕西省咸阳市人,工程师,现从事燃气设计及管理工作。

Exploration on Material Selection of Gas Pressure Piping in Iron Steel Industry in Severe Cold Area
Jun-hu Guo
Affiliations
  • Sinosteel Engineering Design and Research Institute Co. , Ltd. , Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-02-25
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文章通过分析钢铁行业煤气压力管道设计最低使用温度,提出了在低温环境条件下管道材料如何选择和一些注意事项。钢铁行业煤气管道通常管径大、压力低,不属于压力管道。随着新工艺和新技术的发展,一些压力高于0.1 MPa的煤气管道就属于压力管道。在设计选材时,需要按照压力管道规范进行设计。在严寒地区,当管道设计最低使用温度低于-20 ℃时,要考虑低温条件下压力管道选用材料的适用性。

压力管道  /  选材  /  严寒地区  /  设计温度

In the paper, it is proposed how to select the pipeline material and some matters needing attention in low temperature environment condition by analyzing the lowest design operating temperature of gas pressure piping in the iron and steel industry. The gas pipe in the iron and steel industry is usually with large pipe diameter and low pressure, so it is not pressure piping. With the development of new technologies, some gas pipes with pressure higher than 0.1 MPa are pressure piping. The design of material should be based on the pressure piping code. In the severe cold area, when the lowest design operating temperature of pipe is lower than -20 ℃, the applicability of materials selected for pressure piping in low temperature conditions shall be considered.

pressure piping  /  material selection  /  severe cold area  /  design temperature
郭军虎. 严寒地区钢铁行业煤气压力管道选材探析. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (1) : 70 -72 .
Jun-hu Guo. Exploration on Material Selection of Gas Pressure Piping in Iron Steel Industry in Severe Cold Area[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (1) : 70 -72 .
钢铁行业煤气管道主要包括高炉、焦炉、转炉及其混合气煤气管道。除高炉炉顶出口至炉顶煤气余压发电装置前管道外,煤气管道压力均较低,在几千帕到十几千帕之间,不属于压力管道范畴。
在碳达峰及低碳冶金技术不断发展的探索中,煤气的利用也趋于多样化,如高炉富氢碳循环利用、煤气脱碳、净化制取化工产品等。以上工艺均需要对既有煤气升压,升压后的煤气压力往往大于0.1 MPa,此时就属于压力管道的范畴,设计时,必须执行压力管道相关规范规程。在严寒地区(最冷月平均温度tmin·m≤-10 ℃),当管道设计最低使用温度低于-20 ℃时,还需考虑低温环境对压力管道材质的影响,避免承压管道和设备发生脆性开裂,引发重大事故。以下就这种情况进行分析。
(1)材料应有足够的强度、塑性和韧性,在最低使用温度下应具备足够的抗脆断能力。
(2)材料应具备足够的稳定性,包括化学性能、物理性能、耐腐蚀和耐磨损性能等,且适于所输送介质的温度、压力。
(3)材料应便于获得,经济上合理,价格低廉。
(4)选用的材料应适合相应的制造、制作和安装要求,包括管道焊接、冷加工及热处理等方面的要求。
对无外隔热层的管道,当输送介质温度低于65 ℃时,需要考虑环境温度、阳光辐射等其他因素对管道壁温的影响。根据《压力管道安全技术监察规程:工业管道》[1]第四十四条规定:“当金属管道外壁温度受大气环境条件影响,压力管道设计时所考虑的最低环境温度,可以按照该地区气象资料,取历年来月平均最低气温的最低值。”《固定式压力容器安全技术监察规程》[2]中第3.1.10条规定:“设计常温储存压力容器时,应当充分考虑正常状态下大气环境温度条件对容器壳体金属温度的影响。其最低设计金属温度不得高于历年来月平均最低气温。”在无保温和伴热情况下,管道的最低温度会接近于环境温度。
在严寒地区,需要考虑大气环境条件下金属管道低温脆性对金属管道安全的影响。以包头为例,查阅《建筑结构荷载规范》[3],该区域基本最低气温(历年来月平均最低气温的最低值)为-23 ℃。此时,管道的最低设计使用温度应低于-23 ℃。目前,一些设计中,未考虑低温大气环境对管道系统的影响。
钢铁企业煤气管道的常规选材为碳素结构钢,包含Q235B、10#钢及20#钢等。根据《工业金属管道设计规范》[4]、《压力管道规范工业管道第2部分:材料》[5]中相关规定,三种材料的最低使用温度为-10 ℃(Q235B)、大于-20 ℃(10#钢),大于-20 ℃(20#钢)。其中Q235B属于普通碳素结构钢,10#钢和20#钢为优质碳素结构钢。金属材料随温度下降可能发生韧性向脆性的转变,冲击功数值明显下降,此种现象称为低温脆性。当管道设计最低使用温度低于-20 ℃时,以上三种材质均不推荐使用。
参考《压力管道规范工业管道第2部分:材料》表A.1[5],碳素结构钢的最低推荐使用温度均高于-20 ℃。在严寒地区,当项目所在地历年月平均最低气温的最低值低于-20 ℃时,就需要考虑材料的适用性。温度是影响金属材料断裂性质变化的主要因素,当温度降低到一定程度时,材料的使用就会受到一定限制,要通过对材料进行冲击试验,找到一个由韧性断裂转变为脆性断裂的温度,来确定材料能否适用。工程上常用的20#钢,韧-脆性转变温度在-40 ℃左右,一般建议用在-20 ℃以上温度的环境条件下,以确保安全。如果用于低于-20 ℃的环境温度时,应根据《工业金属管道工程施工规范》[6]的规定,必须做同温度下的冲击韧性试验,确定冲击吸收功数值是否满足规范值。
当选用的材质应用于推荐使用温度以下的工况时,母材及焊接接头均应进行最低使用温度下的冲击试验(低温低应力工况、低温降应力工况及小截面除外)。图1给出了碳钢(碳锰钢)免除冲击试验的最低使用温度。
目前,在基本最低气温低于-20 ℃的严寒地区,一些工程项目选用常规材质,而母材和焊接接头均未进行低温冲击试验,存在设计缺陷和安全隐患。
严寒地区管道最低使用温度低于-20 ℃时,可供选择的材料详见《压力管道规范工业管道第2部分:材料》表A.1[5],表1为部分可供选择的代表性管道材料。
低温环境条件下,不推荐选用碳素结构钢。可供选择的管道材质包含管线钢(质量等级符合PLS2)、低合金钢、低温钢等。这是由于钢中加入Mn、Ni等合金元素,降低了间隙杂质,细化晶粒,控制钢中第二相的大小、形态和分布,使铁素体钢的韧性-脆性转变温度降低。工程上,当管道最低使用温度为-30 ℃到-20 ℃时,可选用L290及以上牌号管线钢。管道最低使用温度为-40 ℃到-30 ℃,可选用Q345E及10MnDG等低温钢管道。
当输送介质温度高于65 ℃时,需考虑介质对管道的加热和保温作用。如高炉出口荒煤气管道,其工作压力约为0.2 MPa,温度约为150 ℃。此时管道的设计最低使用温度应通过传热计算来确定。若计算结果高于-20 ℃,则上述常规选材仍适用。一些情况下,可以对输送介质管道采取伴热、保温等措施,而继续考虑选用常规材质。如焦炉煤气输送管线,当管径小于300 mm时,为了避免介质冻堵,需要考虑增加蒸气伴热及保温措施,此种情况下,管道材质可选用常规材质。管线钢管材价格一般高出碳素钢管材约600元/t。从投资角度上看,推荐采取措施后选用常规管材,但从节能和后期运行维护角度考虑,仍推荐选用适用于低温环境的管材。
当设计选用L290及以上管线钢时,应符合PSL2的产品质量等级。管线钢在订货时,用户应根据最低使用温度提出冲击试验温度要求。如上文提到的管道最低使用温度低于-23 ℃时,在设计订货时,材料需进行-30 ℃冲击试验。设计文件要求进行低于或等于0 ℃冲击试验的低温碳钢板焊管应采用正火状态的钢板。
经设计计算,认定材料使用条件符合低温低应力工况时(材料最低使用温度降低量为11 ℃,且最低使用温度应不低于-30 ℃),管道应增加以下条件:
(1)管道应经过不低于1.5倍设计压力的水压试验。
(2)管道壁厚大于13 mm时,管道系统应对外加载荷(如维修载荷、冲击载荷、热冲击载荷等)进行安全防护。
(3)管道系统中不存在铁素体与奥氏体的异种金属焊接接头,如1Cr17与06Cr19Ni10。
严寒地区压力管道选材,要考虑项目建设地点最低环境温度的影响,确定最低环境温度后,选用耐低温的材质。若选用材料使用在规范推荐使用温度以下,材料采购时需增加对应温度下的低温冲击试验要求,在制作和安装过程中,焊接接头同样要进行低温冲击试验。一些情况下,如果工艺要求采取伴热及保温措施,可以在输送管道采取伴热和保温的措施后,采用符合要求的优质碳素结构钢管道材料;如果工艺不需要采取伴热及保温措施,需选用耐低温环境的管道材料。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
TSG D 0001—2009,压力管道安全技术监察规程:工业管道[S].
[2]
TSG R 0004—2009,固定式压力容器安全技术监察规程[S].
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GB 500009—2012,建筑结构荷载规范[S].
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GB 50316—2000,工业金属管道设计规范(2018年版)[S].
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GB 20801.2—2020,压力管道规范工业管道第2部分:材料[S].
[6]
GB 50235—2010,工业金属管道工程施工规范[S].
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  • 接收时间:2022-12-15
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
  • 出版时间:2023-02-25
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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