Article(id=1198267804706243576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198267803028521972, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)01-0001-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1661961600000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763618907380, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1677254400000, pubDateStr=2023-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763618907380, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763618907380, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763618907380, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198267803028521972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763618906981, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763619307448, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198269482767581847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198267803028521972, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198269482771776152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198267803028521972, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=5, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198267804995650554, articleId=1198267804706243576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Technical Transformation of Adding Size Reducing Mill in Production Line of High Speed Wire Rod, columnId=1187100783049851249, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Expert Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The 5th generation American Morgan technology was introduced in the early 1990s for a production line of high speed wire rod and its design capacity was 0.38 million tons. With the constant improvement of production technology and efficiency for the deep processing industry of wire rod, the requirements of dimensional accuracy, surface quality and mechanical properties for wire products in the market are higher. In order to satisfy the market changes and improve product competitiveness, the size reducing mill is added in the production line of high speed wire rod. In the paper, it is introduced the construction transformations of such types of equipment as mechanical, electrical and power as well as the roll gaps of finishing rolling unit and size reducing mill are redesigned. Moreover, the R values of each stand are given as well as different accident types and solutions after the mill put into production are summarized.

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某高速线材生产线是20世纪90年代初引进的美国摩根五代技术,设计产能38万t。随着线材深加工行业生产技术及效率的不断提高,市场对线材产品尺寸精度、表面质量以及产品机械性能等提出更高要求。为了满足市场变化,提升产品竞争力,高速线材生产线增设减定径机组。文章介绍了产线增设减定径机组改造涉及的机械、电气、动力等设备施工改造情况,对精轧机组和减定径机组的辊缝重新进行设计,并给出其各架次R值,并对机组投产后出现的不同事故类型和解决方法做了经验总结。

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胡 波(1973-),女,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

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胡 波(1973-),女,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

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胡 波(1973-),女,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

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架次 Φ5.5 mm Φ6.5 mm Φ12 mm螺纹 Φ16 mm
19 空过 空过 空过 空过
20 空过 空过 空过 空过
21 1.245 1.245 1.245 空过
22 1.199 1.199 1.199 空过
23 1.244 1.197 1.268 空过
24 1.210 1.202 1.226 空过
25 1.292 1.277 空过 空过
26 1.227 1.225 空过 空过
27 1.269 1.273 空过 空过
28 1.231 1.229 空过 空过
29 1.165 1.225 1.320 1.276
30 1.210 1.193 1.232 1.227
31 1.060 1.060 空过 1.052
32 1.070 1.076 空过 1.039
), ArticleFig(id=1198267869382410350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198267804706243576, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

精轧及减定径主要轧制规格张力系数R

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
架次 Φ5.5 mm Φ6.5 mm Φ12 mm螺纹 Φ16 mm
19 空过 空过 空过 空过
20 空过 空过 空过 空过
21 1.245 1.245 1.245 空过
22 1.199 1.199 1.199 空过
23 1.244 1.197 1.268 空过
24 1.210 1.202 1.226 空过
25 1.292 1.277 空过 空过
26 1.227 1.225 空过 空过
27 1.269 1.273 空过 空过
28 1.231 1.229 空过 空过
29 1.165 1.225 1.320 1.276
30 1.210 1.193 1.232 1.227
31 1.060 1.060 空过 1.052
32 1.070 1.076 空过 1.039
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高速线材产线增设减定径机组的技术改造
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胡波 1 , 顾斌 1 , 张庆峰 1 , 刘奇 1 , 赵晓敏 2
包钢科技 | 专家论坛 2023,49(1): 1-5
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包钢科技 | 专家论坛 2023, 49(1): 1-5
高速线材产线增设减定径机组的技术改造
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胡波1, 顾斌1, 张庆峰1, 刘奇1, 赵晓敏2
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司长材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 胡 波(1973-),女,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

Technical Transformation of Adding Size Reducing Mill in Production Line of High Speed Wire Rod
Bo Hu1, Bin Gu1, Qing-feng Zhang1, Qi Liu1, Xiao-min Zhao2
Affiliations
  • 1 Long Products Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co. , Ltd. , Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co. , Ltd. , Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-02-25
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某高速线材生产线是20世纪90年代初引进的美国摩根五代技术,设计产能38万t。随着线材深加工行业生产技术及效率的不断提高,市场对线材产品尺寸精度、表面质量以及产品机械性能等提出更高要求。为了满足市场变化,提升产品竞争力,高速线材生产线增设减定径机组。文章介绍了产线增设减定径机组改造涉及的机械、电气、动力等设备施工改造情况,对精轧机组和减定径机组的辊缝重新进行设计,并给出其各架次R值,并对机组投产后出现的不同事故类型和解决方法做了经验总结。

高速线材  /  减定径机组  /  技术改造  /  张力设定

The 5th generation American Morgan technology was introduced in the early 1990s for a production line of high speed wire rod and its design capacity was 0.38 million tons. With the constant improvement of production technology and efficiency for the deep processing industry of wire rod, the requirements of dimensional accuracy, surface quality and mechanical properties for wire products in the market are higher. In order to satisfy the market changes and improve product competitiveness, the size reducing mill is added in the production line of high speed wire rod. In the paper, it is introduced the construction transformations of such types of equipment as mechanical, electrical and power as well as the roll gaps of finishing rolling unit and size reducing mill are redesigned. Moreover, the R values of each stand are given as well as different accident types and solutions after the mill put into production are summarized.

high speed wire rod  /  size reducing mill  /  technical transformation  /  tension set
胡波, 顾斌, 张庆峰, 刘奇, 赵晓敏. 高速线材产线增设减定径机组的技术改造. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (1) : 1 -5 .
Bo Hu, Bin Gu, Qing-feng Zhang, Qi Liu, Xiao-min Zhao. Technical Transformation of Adding Size Reducing Mill in Production Line of High Speed Wire Rod[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (1) : 1 -5 .
近二十年,随着国内外电气、机械设计制造水平不断提高,高速线材生产技术取得了长足进步,特别是在提高产量和质量方面,相继出现低温轧制技术、无头连续轧制技术、减定径精密轧制技术等。20世纪90年代初,美国Morgan和意大利Danieli相继开发出减定径机组。减定径机精密轧制的优势在于能显著改善产品尺寸精度、提高产品性能、降低辊环备用量,所以在高速线材生产上得到推广应用,成为高附加值、高端线材生产领域的核心工艺装备。高线生产线如果没有配置减定径机组,则无法实现精密轧制和低温终轧,只能生产低端品种钢,产品性能和尺寸精度无法满足高端用户的要求[1]
为了提高线材产品质量和改善品种结构,决定在高速线材产线增设减定径机组。减定径机组一般是由2台减径机、2台定径机组成。目前,国内高速线材生产线使用最多的是Morgan和Danieli设计制造的减定径机组,该产线选择了达涅利公司重型模块和轻型模块的双模块轧机,共4架轧机。这种机组形式的优点是布置紧凑,运行稳定性更好,孔型设计更为简化、灵活。孔型系统为椭圆-圆-圆-圆孔型系统,变形平缓均匀,表面光滑,更有利于尺寸精度的控制[2]。本文制定了该产线减定径机组机械设备、电力设备、动力设备、土建等改造方案,针对改造初期出现的问题提出了解决办法,最终实现了减定径机组批量生产不同规格的盘条。
线材减定径机技术比较成熟,应用较多的主要有Morgan的RSM(Reducing & Sizing Mill)与Danieli的TMB(Twin Module Block)。随着国内制造业的迅猛发展,国产减定径机也在逐渐推广。Morgan的RSM经过十多年的工程应用与不断革新,技术日趋成熟,应用业绩较多,国内宝钢、青钢、邯钢、酒钢、马钢、安钢、杭钢等钢厂使用的减定径机组都是Morgan的RSM。Danieli的TMB是在大压下定径机(RSB)和双模块机组(TMB)的基础上发展起来的,国内鞍钢、莱钢、八钢、攀成钢、攀长钢等钢厂使用的是Danieli的TMB减定径机,技术也比较成熟。除此之外,西马克(SMS)也开发出了减定径机组FRS(Flexible Reducing & Sizing)。
Morgan和Danieli的减定径机组均布置在精轧机组与夹送辊/吐丝机之间,通过此布置可实现水箱大水量控制,使轧件快速冷却,降低减定径机组的轧件温度,从而改善线材的内部组织,提高产品机械性能和尺寸精度。同时,能够保证进入减定径机组轧件断面温度的均匀性,精确控制轧制温度,还能延长吐丝管的使用寿命。在工艺布置上需考虑加大精轧机组与减定径机组之间、减定径机组与夹送辊/吐丝机之间的距离。Danieli减定径机组为满足高速度、高精度的要求,双模块轧机被分为重型模块和轻型模块。前一个模块为重型模块,重型模块适宜重载;后一个模块为轻型模块,比较适宜高速高精度。每个模块由一台电机单独驱动,并分别配置驱动变速箱,再由变速箱驱动两个模块轧机,采用电气联锁实现双模块轧制速度的匹配。变速箱为单输入轴双输出轴,在输入轴和其中一根输出轴上装有离合器,通过离合器操作杆变换两个不同的工作位置,得到不同的传动比,满足不同产品所需的轧制速度;变速箱双输出轴通过快速联轴器直接与双模块锥箱的输入轴联接。带有外部减速机,来满足宽泛的产品范围和精轧速度要求。后两架轧机的辊径较小,机架间的距离非常近,这种布置能够有效避免轧件旋转,获得更高的产品精度。
产线轧机是Morgan五代轧机,原有布置形式为6+8+4+10,减定径机组布置在精轧机组与夹送辊/吐丝机之间,即原有的3#、4#水箱之间布置减定径机组,前后各有两组水箱,减定径机组入口设有卡断剪。设计过程中考虑利用现有设备和产线,保证产线的控冷能力,但是受实际设备状况和距离的限制,调整水箱后也不能解决回复段长度短、芯表温差大的问题,这也造成了需要低温轧制的钢必须降速轧制才能保证性能。改造后,减定径机到精轧机出口距离最终定为25.65 m,减定径机到吐丝机的距离为21.8 m,精轧前1组水箱,精轧后3组水箱,减定径后2组水箱。为了减少模块内的堆钢量,沿轧件周围安装有渔线,发生堆钢时,渔线立即被切断并触发上游飞剪运行,进行碎断操作。机组出口侧配有废品箱,下游设备发生事故时可以在此处形成堆钢。轧辊轴安装在偏心套上,通过作用在偏心套的压下齿轮对称地调节两只辊环的开、闭,从而调节辊缝,并且保持轧制线的固定。调节螺旋杆与轧辊箱以紧配合的键连接,便于在“无负荷”状态下通过棘轮扳手手动操作。
减定径机主要机械设备包括四个辊箱、两个锥箱、两台减速机。超重型铸铁结构的机箱可减小噪声和振动,防漏油、防尘。辊箱型号为200H、150L,机箱内镗孔,通过孔将冷却水、压缩空气、润滑油和油气输送至需要的部位,避免管线外露。箱体面板上固定有2块带冷却水不锈钢材质的分配器。偏心套前段采用球面支撑,可补偿轧制负载造成的辊轴弯曲。辊轴上的双唇式密封可避免进水以及渗油。热电偶用于监测轧制过程中的油膜轴承温度。辊环在辊轴上被机械锁紧,通过锥套径向定位,锥套由专用打压小车安装,由锁紧螺母轴向锁紧辊环。轧制力矩通过锁紧螺母的轴向压紧力和锥套径向力传递。产线配套的减定径机液压、润滑系统共改造2处,新增1套液压系统,增加1套稀油和油气润滑系统。
减定径机组成套设备电负荷总容量为4 300 kW,因此需要新增减定径机变压器,容量为5 000 kVA,其10 kV电源引自高线1号主电室Ⅱ段母线,改造Ⅱ段备用高压柜为此电源的馈出柜。由于Ⅱ段母线的负荷增加,同时对Ⅱ段母线的进线柜进行改造。除减定径机组外,还需增加的电负荷主要包括稀油系统、液压系统、干油系统、油气润滑系统、通风设备等。在3号液压站南墙向外扩建4 m,区域新增火灾自动报警系统部分设备,在扩建区域新增4处点型离子感烟探测器,同时配置手动报警按钮及声光报警器,在新增油箱及原有油箱周围配置缆式线型差定感温探测器[3]
改造使净环水新增用水总量为207.9 m3/h,其中减定径机组循环冷却水量49.8 m3/h;液压润滑系统循环冷却水量158.1 m3/h。所有循环冷却水工作压力均为0.35~0.50 MPa。新增循环冷却用水由原有综合泵站内循环冷却水泵组供给。浊环水新增用水量75 m3/h,工作压力为0.6 MPa。原有浊环系统供水泵组为两台,设计最大供水能力为1 260 m3/h,改造后用水量为1 600~1 700 m3/h,轧制品种钢时最大可达1 800~1 900 m3/h。为满足生产需要,对旋流井内供水泵组进行改造,使用两台供水泵组,将原有水泵更换为大流量的ITT供水泵。
新增减定径机组后,普通压缩空气设计增加总消耗量约为5.2 m3/min,无油无水压缩空气设计增加总消耗量约为4.0 m3/min。考虑到管网损失及同时使用系数,压缩空气设计增加总消耗量约为12.0 m3/min。为保证压缩空气用量及用气压力,新增了1台空气压缩机、1套干燥机及过滤器机组。
减定径位置从精轧机第10架(28#)中心线到TMB第1架的工艺定位线尺寸为25.65 m,即基础位置在原有厂房内3#油库北侧,基本位于3#和4#水箱之间。施工时需要将3#油库北侧钢结构及平台局部拆除,换热器和部分润滑油、循环水管道以及电缆桥架拆除。在拆除位置新建钢筋混凝土基础,基础达到要求强度后安装设备,设备安装后恢复钢结构平台及管道、电缆桥架等。原有水箱保持不动,3#水箱与设备干涉,需要将出口部分局部切除,切除下来的水箱安装在0#水箱出口,增加0#水箱的水冷能力。
由于Morgan精轧机和Danieli减定径机的孔型及辊缝设计的方法不同,如果直接使用原始给定的张力值,会在生产过程中造成预精轧、精轧、减定径机之间张力不稳定,从而使得现场生产时调整困难,易发生堆钢事故[4]。因此,对精轧机和减定径机的主要规格的孔型和辊缝进行验算,结合现场实际生产情况,修正了精轧及减定径各架次原始辊缝及张力值,具体张力系数R值设定如表1所示。
重点对调试规格Φ5.5 mm、Φ6.5 mm、Φ12 mm、Φ16 mm的秒流量、辊缝、R值进行核验后,确定19、20架次空过,轧制Φ12 mm时25、26、27、28架次轧机都空过,轧制Φ16 mm时,21架次到28架次都空过。经过实际生产检验,修正后的R值与各架孔型、辊缝等匹配效果非常好,试制过程工艺状态稳定,产品尺寸波动小,精度级别明显较以前提高(图1),产品头尾耳子缺陷减少。
(1)减定径机组内部频繁出现拉丝问题。
(2)重锤掉落造成堆钢。
(3)一线操作人员及工艺备件预组装人员缺乏生产线调整和操作培训,调整水平参差不齐,造成现场生产不稳定。
(4)减定径机组孔型与原Morgan孔型差异较大,磨削人员缺乏修磨经验,造成辊环磨削困难。
(1)针对拉丝问题,进一步明确和细化红坯尺寸,针对30架辊缝调整明确控制要求,制定预精轧出口、精轧出口料型,规范减定径各机架的辊缝调整范围。
(2)对于重锤掉落造成的堆钢,采用增加渔线截面积的办法,将目前所使用的直径0.8 mm渔线改为直径1.5 mm的渔线。
(3)加大对四倒班关键岗位人员的培训,统一思想,明确标准,加大班组之间的交流。对各个规格的轧制生产情况及事故进行总结,编制各个规格的作业指导书,规范和方便一线职工快速操作和调整,减少事故,提高作业率。
(4)请专业人员来现场进行培训,编制技术操作规程,提高岗位人员操作磨削设备的能力与经验,掌握磨削技术诀窍。
机械设备方面出现问题最多的是稀油润滑系统,主要是因为Morgan轧机的稀油润滑系统和Danieli轧机的稀油润滑系统有显著不同,Morgan多采用机械式,只在几个关键重要部位使用联锁控制,其余为手动控制。Danieli全部采用电子控制,通过压力继电器,设定压力、控制温度、润滑、油气等参数,因此,Danieli减定径机液压润滑系统联锁很多,条件严苛,在减定径机组使用初期遇到了很多问题和困难,需要不断总结经验。
(1)减定径机油箱回油管路缺少回油滤芯,在调试及初期使用过程中,使得带有杂质的润滑油进入油箱,润滑油被污染。机箱内高速运转的齿轮副和轴承磨损,设备振动骤增;系统阀组上的阀芯非常细密,通过孔被阻塞;油液中的金属微粒还会对油液的氧化起到催化作用,导致设备润滑恶化、磨损加剧。以上种种因素均会导致恶性设备事故的发生。
(2)减定径机稀油润滑系统自带3台螺杆泵,设计要求只运行1台泵,使得系统压力无法满足生产需要,造成高速运转的传动部件润滑不良、磨损加剧,在润滑油冷却不足的情况下局部会过热,进而引发轴承烧损、齿轮副齿面退火胶合等恶性事故。
(3)减定径机稀油润滑系统蓄能器高液位和低液位之间的设定范围偏小,当生产过程中系统压力瞬间增大或减小时,蓄能器能够吸收或者释放的能量有限,无法有效保证整个系统压力正常,易造成因压力报警而导致的轧机停车。
(4)在调试过程中频繁出现蓄能器低压报警,导致无法启车。
(5)减定径机调试过程中,正处于冬季,外部温度低,出现无故障信号的自动停车。
(1)在减定径机稀油润滑系统两个油箱的回油区,各加装六个大口径滤芯,避免杂质随润滑油回到油箱,造成污染。
(2)将减定径机稀油润滑系统自带的3台螺杆泵改为启用2台,备用1台,使系统压力提高,解决润滑点低压报警、润滑部位润滑不足、轴承过度磨损、齿轮副过热等问题。
(3)适当增加减定径机稀油润滑系统蓄能器高液位和低液位之间的设定范围值,避免因生产过程中的外部波动引起液位波动时,出现非正常停车,同时也保证液位真出现问题时,设备实现自保护停车。另外,要求设备人员增加巡检频次,保证稀油润滑系统出口一级、二级滤芯的压差。
(4)经过查找原因,蓄能器低压报警主要是因为风压、油压的匹配不平衡,经过几次调整,找到风压、油压较好的平衡点,蓄能器低压报警的问题得到彻底解决。
(5)由于调试时间正处于冬季,外部温度低,一部分暴露在外面的润滑系统管路的油温过低,造成了无故障信号的停车。对暴露在外面的润滑系统管路进行保温防护,之后再未出现类似问题。
由于减定径机组安装在精轧机组后3#、4#水箱之间,该区域属于高速轧制区域,轧制速度极快,且由两台不同电机带动,轧机间基本无距离,不能安装活套等张力调节设备,同时,产线是Morgan精轧机连接达涅利减定径机,控制方式不同,因此在生产中张力调节及适应成为了制约生产的突出问题之一,在调试初期,因电气张力调节不当导致了频繁堆钢。
(1)调节转矩响应。缩短转矩响应时间,减小速度在负载瞬变时的响应时间。
(2)优化夹送辊(PRL)夹持时间。由于减定径机组的上线,原有的高压夹尾控制程序无法满足工艺的需求,造成尾部吐丝乱,影响生产节奏。通过修改逻辑,使用精轧机(FBL)出口热检代替夹送辊入口热检,将高压夹持时间提前,保证了尾部夹持时间与压力的合理匹配。
(3)减定径机组上线后涉及的联锁条件繁多,导致系统出现故障后无法快速定位故障点及查找故障原因。通过编制故障文本档案,将这些故障文本翻译内容和I/O点及程序位置关系固定下来,保证出现事故时能够快速定位故障点,减少处理事故的时间,保证减定径机组高速平稳轧制。
(1)通过对产线28架轧机和减定径机组的4架轧机的主要规格的孔型和辊缝进行验算,修正了原始辊缝及张力值,修正后的R值与各架孔型、辊缝等匹配效果非常好,生产过程工艺状态稳定。
(2)解决投入减定径机组后生产过程中出现的各种问题,保证了减定径机组的稳定运行,作业率逐步提高,最终实现了减定径机组生产的不同规格盘条C尺寸精度达到95%~100%,有助于未来高端线材产品的开发。
参考文献 引证文献
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陈莹卷, 周民, 马靳江. 新一代高速线材核心装备技术的研究与开发[J]. 中国冶金, 2019, 29(2):67-71.
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  • 接收时间:2022-09-01
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-01
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司长材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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