Article(id=1198266571018826196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198266568997175650, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)02-0001-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1677600000000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763618613246, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1682352000000, pubDateStr=2023-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763618613246, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763618613246, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763618613246, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198266568997175650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763618612765, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763619383107, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198269800108618470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198266568997175650, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198269800108618471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198266568997175650, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=4, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198266571274678742, articleId=1198266571018826196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Corrosion Resistance of Black Spots on Surface of Zn-Al-Mg Coating, columnId=1187100783049851249, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Expert Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The comparison tests for corrosion resistances of samples with and without black spots on the surface of Zn-Al-Mg coating as well as the pure Zn coating are carried out with the neutral salt spray tests. There was not red rust for the samples with and without black spots on the surface of Zn-Al-Mg coating with the neutral salt spray tests of 2 000 h and 4 000 h, while there was obvious red rust for the sample with pure Zn coating with the test of 2 000 h and it was increased obviously with the test of 4 000 h. The positions with and without black spots of Zn-Al-Mg coating are analyzed with the scanning electron microscope and energy disperse spectroscopy. The results showed that many fine magnesium-rich eutectic structures were enriched at the position with black spots. There were differences for reflection of light between them and stripy eutectic structure at the position without black spots as well as the magnesium-rich eutectic structures were easily to be oxidized by the oxygen in the air so as to form black oxide so that the visual differences appear black spots. The salt spray test results showed that the corrosion resistance at the position with black spots didn’t deteriorate as well as the corrosion resistances of samples with and without black spots on the surface of Zn-Al-Mg coating were the same good.

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采用中性盐雾试验对锌铝镁镀层表面黑点样品、锌铝镁镀层表面正常样品以及纯锌镀层样品的耐蚀性进行了对比测试,锌铝镁镀层表面黑点样品和锌铝镁镀层表面正常样品经2 000 h及4 000 h的中性盐雾腐蚀试验后在镀层表面均未出现红锈,而纯锌样品在2 000 h已经出现明显红锈,到4 000 h红锈量明显增多。使用扫描电镜及能谱仪对锌铝镁镀层的黑点部位和正常部位进行了分析,结果表明黑点部位富集了大量细小、富镁的共晶组织,由于这些细小的共晶组织与正常部位的条片状共晶组织对光的反射存在差异,同时富镁的共晶组织容易被空气中的氧气氧化形成黑色的氧化物,由此导致其目视差异呈黑点。盐雾试验结果表明,黑点部位的耐蚀性能并无恶化,锌铝镁镀层的黑点样品与正常样品同样具有较好的耐蚀性能。

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李智丽(1971-),女,辽宁省盘锦市人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事金属材料热处理及物理检测工作。

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李智丽(1971-),女,辽宁省盘锦市人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事金属材料热处理及物理检测工作。

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李智丽(1971-),女,辽宁省盘锦市人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事金属材料热处理及物理检测工作。

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锌铝镁镀层表面黑点耐蚀性能的试验研究
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李智丽 1 , 杨小明 2 , 罗新龙 2 , 岳祎楠 1 , 惠鑫 1 , 靳燕 1
包钢科技 | 专家论坛 2023,49(2): 1-4
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包钢科技 | 专家论坛 2023, 49(2): 1-4
锌铝镁镀层表面黑点耐蚀性能的试验研究
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李智丽1, 杨小明2, 罗新龙2, 岳祎楠1, 惠鑫1, 靳燕1
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司稀土钢板材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 李智丽(1971-),女,辽宁省盘锦市人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事金属材料热处理及物理检测工作。

Experimental Study on Corrosion Resistance of Black Spots on Surface of Zn-Al-Mg Coating
Zhi-li Li1, Xiao-ming Yang2, Xin-long Luo2, Yi-nan Yue1, Xin Hui1, Yan Jin1
Affiliations
  • 1 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co. , Ltd. , Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Rare Earth Steel Plate Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co. , Ltd. , Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-04-25
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采用中性盐雾试验对锌铝镁镀层表面黑点样品、锌铝镁镀层表面正常样品以及纯锌镀层样品的耐蚀性进行了对比测试,锌铝镁镀层表面黑点样品和锌铝镁镀层表面正常样品经2 000 h及4 000 h的中性盐雾腐蚀试验后在镀层表面均未出现红锈,而纯锌样品在2 000 h已经出现明显红锈,到4 000 h红锈量明显增多。使用扫描电镜及能谱仪对锌铝镁镀层的黑点部位和正常部位进行了分析,结果表明黑点部位富集了大量细小、富镁的共晶组织,由于这些细小的共晶组织与正常部位的条片状共晶组织对光的反射存在差异,同时富镁的共晶组织容易被空气中的氧气氧化形成黑色的氧化物,由此导致其目视差异呈黑点。盐雾试验结果表明,黑点部位的耐蚀性能并无恶化,锌铝镁镀层的黑点样品与正常样品同样具有较好的耐蚀性能。

热镀  /  锌铝镁  /  黑点  /  盐雾试验

The comparison tests for corrosion resistances of samples with and without black spots on the surface of Zn-Al-Mg coating as well as the pure Zn coating are carried out with the neutral salt spray tests. There was not red rust for the samples with and without black spots on the surface of Zn-Al-Mg coating with the neutral salt spray tests of 2 000 h and 4 000 h, while there was obvious red rust for the sample with pure Zn coating with the test of 2 000 h and it was increased obviously with the test of 4 000 h. The positions with and without black spots of Zn-Al-Mg coating are analyzed with the scanning electron microscope and energy disperse spectroscopy. The results showed that many fine magnesium-rich eutectic structures were enriched at the position with black spots. There were differences for reflection of light between them and stripy eutectic structure at the position without black spots as well as the magnesium-rich eutectic structures were easily to be oxidized by the oxygen in the air so as to form black oxide so that the visual differences appear black spots. The salt spray test results showed that the corrosion resistance at the position with black spots didn’t deteriorate as well as the corrosion resistances of samples with and without black spots on the surface of Zn-Al-Mg coating were the same good.

hot dip  /  Zn-Al-Mg  /  black spot  /  salt spray test
李智丽, 杨小明, 罗新龙, 岳祎楠, 惠鑫, 靳燕. 锌铝镁镀层表面黑点耐蚀性能的试验研究. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (2) : 1 -4 .
Zhi-li Li, Xiao-ming Yang, Xin-long Luo, Yi-nan Yue, Xin Hui, Yan Jin. Experimental Study on Corrosion Resistance of Black Spots on Surface of Zn-Al-Mg Coating[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (2) : 1 -4 .
随着全球能源向着绿色化、低碳化发展,清洁能源需求和使用越来越大,光伏发电作为一种绿色能源供给方式,近年来得到了迅猛发展[1-2]。锌铝镁镀层产品由于具有良好的耐蚀性与切边保护性[3],在光伏支架等产品中得到了广泛地应用。在光伏行业内,普遍使用的锌铝镁产品的基板厚度为1.5~2.0 mm,镀层重量为275~350 g/m2。然而,各家在生产实践中发现随着基板厚度和镀层重量的增加,锌铝镁镀层产品的表面容易出现黑点缺陷,黑点的直径一般在1.5~3.0 mm左右,不仅影响表面观感,同时也引起客户对黑点部位耐蚀性的质疑。为此,本文针对锌铝镁镀层表面黑点的耐蚀性开展了中性盐雾腐蚀试验,并对黑点部位进行了扫描电镜分析研究。
取规格为2.0 mm×1 250 mm有黑点缺陷的锌铝镁镀层钢板和正常钢板,取样钢种为S350GD+ZAM,镀层的重量为双面275 g/m2,表面经钝化处理,同时取相同镀层重量的纯锌镀层样品作为参比试样。将所取钢板冲成70 mm×200 mm的盐雾腐蚀试样,将试样用酒精清洁并用胶带封边后放入盐雾腐蚀试验箱中进行中性盐雾腐蚀试验。另外在锌铝镁镀层钢板样品的黑点缺陷部位切取20 mm×20 mm的试样,将试样浸泡在丙酮中15 min,再进行超声波清洗去除表面的钝化膜,用SIGMA500型场发射扫描电镜对镀层表面黑点部位和正常部位进行分析测试。
中性盐雾试验作为一种常见的室内加速腐蚀试验,可以模拟海洋大气对材料的耐蚀性进行快速评价。为了考察黑点部位是否会影响镀层的耐蚀性,对黑点试样开展了中性盐雾试验,同时采用同样镀层重量的锌铝镁正常试样和纯锌镀层试样进行对比。试验参数如下:沉降盐液浓度为(50±5) g/L的NaCl溶液,试验箱温度为(35±2) ℃,80 cm2水平面积内的盐雾沉降率为(1.5±0.5) mL/h,沉降盐液pH值为6.5~7.2。黑点试样、正常试样和纯锌试样在不同时间的中性盐雾腐蚀后的形貌见图1。从图1对比可见,在盐雾腐蚀500 h后,正常试样的表面未见明显白锈,而黑点试样上大多数的黑点部位已经出现了白锈,继续进行盐雾腐蚀至2 000 h,观察到黑点试样和正常试样的表面上白锈量增多逐渐趋于一致,纯锌镀层试样已经出现了明显红锈,至4 000 h黑点试样和正常试样表面上的白锈几乎完全覆盖,但是始终没有观察到出现红锈,而纯锌镀层试样已经出现了大面积红锈。
通过中性盐雾试验验证了黑点部位的耐蚀性能并不会出现恶化,黑点样品与正常试样同样具有非常好的耐蚀性能。
采用扫描电镜及能谱仪对锌铝镁镀层表面的黑点部位和正常部位进行了对比分析,见图2。黑点部位观察到大面积的共晶组织,多呈细小的颗粒状形貌,而正常部位的共晶组织多呈长条片状形貌。对黑点部位进行能谱面扫描分析见图3,图中锌元素遍布整个区域,其中的灰白色位置对应着镁元素的分布区域,深灰色位置对应着铝元素的分布区域,从各元素的分布图可以看出,镁元素的占比较大,黑点部位明显富镁,而镁元素易于被空气中的氧气氧化,形成黑色的氧化物,因此也是黑点的成因之一。
对黑点成因的研究认为[4],黑点的产生是由于结晶组织异常造成的,在锌铝镁镀层的局部区域出现了大面积的共晶组织,这种共晶组织在仓储时出现了氧化现象,造成光线的散射导致视觉上的黑点现象。从本文的扫描电镜及能谱分析结果来看,黑点形成的主要有两个原因,一是黑点区域的共晶相组织呈细小的颗粒状形貌,而正常部位多长条片层状形貌,导致二者对光的反射存在区别;二是黑点部位存在大量富镁的共晶相,容易被空气中的氧气氧化形成黑色的氧化物,因此宏观上看表现为黑点。
研究表明[3-5],热镀锌铝镁镀层中Al、Mg及MgZn2相的存在可以使镀层表面形成稳定的化合物,降低电化学试验时镀层的电流密度和溶解速度;镀层中的共晶相可以使Mg元素在镀层中均匀分布,从而抑制阴极反应;镀层腐蚀后形成的Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O和Zn6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O是不溶性的胶状腐蚀产物,可以有效隔断镀层与外界物质间的电子传输。腐蚀初期,MgZn2优先溶解,为腐蚀产物提供足够的Mg元素,部分Mg元素进入Zn的腐蚀产物中,形成Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O和Zn6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O。而Al3+和Mg2+的存在可以降低镀层中Zn4CO3(OH)6·H2O脱水形成无保护作用ZnO的趋势,增加Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O和Zn6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O等腐蚀产物的量,且Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O和Zn6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O填充于腐蚀缝隙中可以进一步阻止腐蚀的发生,使得镀层表面获得更低的电位,因而对阳极的分层扩散驱动力变小,降低黑点部位在腐蚀中的溶解情况,提高镀层的耐蚀性能和保护性能。
通过黑点试样、正常试样和纯锌镀层试样的中性盐雾腐蚀试验可知,在盐雾腐蚀500 h后,正常试样的表面未见明显白锈,而黑点试样上大多数的黑点部位已经出现了白锈,就是由于黑点位置富镁,镁离子与锌离子优先反应而出现白锈,但毕竟黑点区域较小,随着镁离子的反应消耗这种差异很快就弱化,当盐雾腐蚀至2 000 h,观察到黑点试样和正常试样的表面上白锈量趋于一致,而纯锌镀层试样由于没有镁离子的这种作用已经出现了明显的红锈,至4 000 h黑点试样和正常试样表面上的白锈几乎完全覆盖,但是始终没有观察到出现红锈,而纯锌镀层试样已经出现了大面积红锈。
中性盐雾试验验证了黑点部位的耐蚀性能并不会出现恶化,黑点样品与正常样品同样具有非常好的耐蚀性能。通过黑点的扫描电镜及能谱分析,结合锌铝镁镀层的腐蚀机理分析,进一步阐明了黑点样品的耐腐蚀性能。
(1)中性盐雾试验结果表明黑点部位的耐蚀性能并无恶化,黑点样品与正常样品同样具有较好的耐蚀性能。
(2)黑点形成的主要原因是其存在大量富镁的共晶相组织,容易氧化形成黑色的氧化物,另外其细小的颗粒状形貌与正常部位条片状形貌对光的反射存在区别综合所致。
参考文献 引证文献
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2023年第49卷第2期
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  • 接收时间:2023-03-01
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
  • 出版时间:2023-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-01
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司稀土钢板材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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