Article(id=1198266569739567461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198266568997175650, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)02-0045-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1677427200000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763618612941, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1682352000000, pubDateStr=2023-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763618612941, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763618612941, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763618612941, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198266568997175650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763618612765, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763619383107, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198269800108618470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198266568997175650, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198269800108618471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198266568997175650, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=45, endPage=49, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198266569999614312, articleId=1198266569739567461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Development of 420 MPa Grade High-strength Weather-resistant H Beam for Residential Building, columnId=1198265195702354688, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Varieties and Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, the chemical composition and production process are designed according to the technical requirements of 420 MPa grade high-strength weather-resistant H beam for residential building as well as the performances of test steel are studied by observing the microstructure with metalloscope and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), room temperature mechanical properties and periodic immersion corrosion tests. The results showed that the fluctuation of impact toughness at room temperature for test steel was small and its toughness was good. The yield strength of three test steels with different specifications was higher than 420 MPa and corrosion resistance index (I) was 6.15~6.45, which showed good resistance to atmospheric corrosion. The microstructure of test steels was mainly consisted of ferrite and pearlite as well as the average grain size of ferrite was 25.73 μm and there was nanoscale (Cu, Cr) C precipitated phases in grain.

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文章根据民用住宅建筑用420 MPa级高强耐候H型钢技术要求进行了化学成分和生产工艺设计,并采用金相显微镜、透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察微观组织,通过室温力学性能测试、周期浸润腐蚀试验等对试验钢进行了性能研究。结果表明:试验钢在室温下冲击韧性波动较小,表现出良好的韧性。3种不同规格的试验钢的屈服强度均高于420 MPa,耐腐蚀性指数(I)在6.15~6.45之间,表现出良好的耐大气腐蚀性能。试验钢的显微组织主要由铁素体和珠光体组成,铁素体平均晶粒尺寸为25.73 μm,晶粒内存在纳米级(Cu,Cr)C析出相。

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刘丽娟(1994-),女,山西省大同市人,硕士,现从事型材产品开发工作。

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刘丽娟(1994-),女,山西省大同市人,硕士,现从事型材产品开发工作。

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刘丽娟(1994-),女,山西省大同市人,硕士,现从事型材产品开发工作。

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H-高度;B-宽度;t1-腹板宽度;t2-翼缘宽度;r-圆角半径

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C Si Mn P S Cu Ni Cr
≤0.15 ≤0.70 ≤1.50 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 0.20~0.55 0.12~0.65 0.30~1.25
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Q420NHB钢的化学成分(质量分数) %

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C Si Mn P S Cu Ni Cr
≤0.15 ≤0.70 ≤1.50 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 0.20~0.55 0.12~0.65 0.30~1.25
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屈服强度ReL
/MPa
抗拉强度Rm
/MPa
延伸率A
/%
屈强比 冲击功KV2
/J
碳当量CEN
/%
耐腐蚀性指数
I
≥410 ≥520 ≥20 ≤0.85 ≥34 0.36 ≥6.0
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Q420NHB钢的性能要求

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屈服强度ReL
/MPa
抗拉强度Rm
/MPa
延伸率A
/%
屈强比 冲击功KV2
/J
碳当量CEN
/%
耐腐蚀性指数
I
≥410 ≥520 ≥20 ≤0.85 ≥34 0.36 ≥6.0
), ArticleFig(id=1198266752233734932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198266569739567461, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
轧制厚度/mm 屈服强度ReL/MPa 抗拉强度Rm/MPa 延伸率A/% 屈强比 室温冲击功KV2/J
25 432 562 27.93 0.77 203
35 424 557 24.72 0.76 185
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Q420NHB钢的力学性能

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轧制厚度/mm 屈服强度ReL/MPa 抗拉强度Rm/MPa 延伸率A/% 屈强比 室温冲击功KV2/J
25 432 562 27.93 0.77 203
35 424 557 24.72 0.76 185
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规格 屈服强度ReL/MPa 抗拉强度Rm/MPa 延伸率A/% 屈强比 室温冲击功KV2/J
HW200×200×8×12 531 670 26.0 0.79 143
H508×350×16×25 492 645 24.2 0.76 124
HW428×407×20×35 443 592 25.7 0.75 113
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Q420NHB钢的力学性能

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规格 屈服强度ReL/MPa 抗拉强度Rm/MPa 延伸率A/% 屈强比 室温冲击功KV2/J
HW200×200×8×12 531 670 26.0 0.79 143
H508×350×16×25 492 645 24.2 0.76 124
HW428×407×20×35 443 592 25.7 0.75 113
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钢种 C Si Mn P S Cu Cr
Q345B 0.202 0.485 1.29 0.020 0.012 0.017 0.036
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Q345B钢的化学成分(质量分数)%

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钢种 C Si Mn P S Cu Cr
Q345B 0.202 0.485 1.29 0.020 0.012 0.017 0.036
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民用住宅建筑用420 MPa级高强耐候H型钢的开发
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刘丽娟 , 卜向东 , 宋振东 , 惠治国
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2023,49(2): 45-49
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2023, 49(2): 45-49
民用住宅建筑用420 MPa级高强耐候H型钢的开发
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刘丽娟, 卜向东, 宋振东, 惠治国
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 刘丽娟(1994-),女,山西省大同市人,硕士,现从事型材产品开发工作。

Development of 420 MPa Grade High-strength Weather-resistant H Beam for Residential Building
Li-juan Liu, Xiang-dong Bu, Zhen-dong Song, Zhi-guo Hui
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co. , Ltd. , Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-04-25
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文章根据民用住宅建筑用420 MPa级高强耐候H型钢技术要求进行了化学成分和生产工艺设计,并采用金相显微镜、透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察微观组织,通过室温力学性能测试、周期浸润腐蚀试验等对试验钢进行了性能研究。结果表明:试验钢在室温下冲击韧性波动较小,表现出良好的韧性。3种不同规格的试验钢的屈服强度均高于420 MPa,耐腐蚀性指数(I)在6.15~6.45之间,表现出良好的耐大气腐蚀性能。试验钢的显微组织主要由铁素体和珠光体组成,铁素体平均晶粒尺寸为25.73 μm,晶粒内存在纳米级(Cu,Cr)C析出相。

H型钢  /  耐候钢  /  性能

In this paper, the chemical composition and production process are designed according to the technical requirements of 420 MPa grade high-strength weather-resistant H beam for residential building as well as the performances of test steel are studied by observing the microstructure with metalloscope and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), room temperature mechanical properties and periodic immersion corrosion tests. The results showed that the fluctuation of impact toughness at room temperature for test steel was small and its toughness was good. The yield strength of three test steels with different specifications was higher than 420 MPa and corrosion resistance index (I) was 6.15~6.45, which showed good resistance to atmospheric corrosion. The microstructure of test steels was mainly consisted of ferrite and pearlite as well as the average grain size of ferrite was 25.73 μm and there was nanoscale (Cu, Cr) C precipitated phases in grain.

H beam  /  weather-resistant steel  /  performance
刘丽娟, 卜向东, 宋振东, 惠治国. 民用住宅建筑用420 MPa级高强耐候H型钢的开发. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (2) : 45 -49 .
Li-juan Liu, Xiang-dong Bu, Zhen-dong Song, Zhi-guo Hui. Development of 420 MPa Grade High-strength Weather-resistant H Beam for Residential Building[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (2) : 45 -49 .
在建筑工程中利用H型钢作为建筑的骨架,在此基础上包裹钢筋混凝土,共同组成钢筋混凝土梁、柱,这样的应用形式能够让建筑具有更高的承载力、更好的抗震性能,同时采用耐候钢作为建筑结构用钢,可以有效的降低建筑成本,有减轻污染、降低建筑重量、提高建筑安全性等优点[1-2]
针对建筑用热轧H型钢进行了大量研究。李建中等人[3]通过控制化学成分中碳含量、Ni/Cr的当量比,配合弱冷及缓冷的连铸工艺,优化LF精炼工艺,同时缩短轧钢时的加热时间,采用铌微合金化开发了高强度Q355NHE耐候H型钢。徐正彪等人[4]研究了控冷工艺对Q355B热轧H型钢强度和组织的影响,结果发现在冷却温度为570 ℃时,材料的综合性能较好,可以为减少合金元素的添加量提供参考。夏勐等人[5]研究了在耐候热轧H型钢中添加铌元素与钒元素对其力学性能的影响,他们认为,采用铌微合金化与钒微合金化相比,铌微合金化不仅能够细化显微组织,提高材料的塑性和强度,同时对低温韧性也有明显的改善。李雄杰、何博[6]采用铌钛微合金化工艺开发了厚度为6 mm、屈服强度为550 MPa级高强耐候钢板。
高强耐候H型钢中的主要合金元素是Cu元素,在进行时效热处理时Cu在钢中能产生非常好的沉淀硬化效果,同时对耐腐蚀性能的提高有着非常重要的作用。钢中含Cu含量大于0.20%容易产生裂纹,韩北方等人[7]通过调整化学成分、优化炼钢、轧钢工艺的方式,改善了钢坯表面因Cu导致的裂纹问题。杨才福等人[8]发现添加Ni可明显改善Cu在奥氏体中的溶解度,并且通过阻止Cu向基体内部渗透,达到改变钢表面氧化层中富Cu相的结构,改善了含Cu钢出现的热脆问题。
本文开发了民用建筑用420 MPa级高强耐候H型钢,并对试验钢的显微组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能等进行了研究,旨在为规模化生产提供依据。
高强耐候Q420NHB钢是通过添加Cu、Cr、Ni元素来增加H型钢的耐候性,化学成分、性能要求如表1表2所示。
实验室试验按照上述成分采用25 kg中频冶炼炉进行冶炼,轧制成25 mm、35 mm厚的板材后进行力学性能检验,结果如表3所示。
试验室试验结果显示屈服强度略高于标准要求,富余量不大,对成分优化后进行工业生产。
高强耐候Q420NHB钢的具体生产工艺流程为:高炉铁水→KR脱硫铁水预处理→100 t顶底复吹转炉→100 t LF精炼炉→异形坯连铸→上料→步进加热炉→高压水除鳞→BD开坯→CCS串列式万能轧制→热锯→步进冷床冷却→矫直→锯切。其中铸坯尺寸为350 mm×290 mm×100 mm、555 mm×440 mm×105 mm,轧制规格为HW428×407×20×35、H508×350×16×25、HW200×200×8×12。
Q420NHB钢Cu含量较高,由于Cu的熔点较低(1 083 ℃),所以在钢液凝固过程中会有少量的Cu富集在晶界处,如果在加热炉中保温时间过长,含Cu相就会沿着奥氏体晶界向晶体内部扩散,进入基体中形成网状的富Cu相,影响晶粒之间的结合力,导致裂纹萌生[9]。因此加热温度控制在1 200 ℃左右,保温时间为3 h左右,开轧温度为1 100 ℃左右,终轧温度为980 ℃左右。
图1是试验钢的断面尺寸图,在试验钢的翼缘1/3处截取10 mm×10 mm×10 mm的金相样,用砂纸逐级打磨后,用4%硝酸酒精溶液对试样进行腐蚀,使用金相显微镜对试验钢的显微组织进行观察。试样首先加工为1.2 mm厚薄片,然后用砂纸打磨至50~60 μm左右,再制成直径为3 mm的小圆片,最后在浓度为6%的高氯酸酒精溶液中(温度为-18~25 ℃)进行减薄,采用透射电子显微镜对试验钢微小析出相进行观察。使用Image-Pro Plus软件对光学显微组织进行分析测量,统计铁素体的体积分数以及平均晶粒尺寸。
在试验钢的翼缘1/3处取样,加工成标准的拉伸试样。在拉伸试验机下进行拉伸试验,拉伸速率为2 mm/min。在试验钢的翼缘1/3处取样做V型冲击试验,在N1750 750J冲击试验机下进行常温的冲击试验。周期浸润腐蚀试验的试验周期为72 h,腐蚀试样的大小为60 mm×40 mm×3 mm,用于计算试验钢的腐蚀失重速率。试验前将试样用酒精进行处理,然后放入干燥箱进行干燥。腐蚀试验结束后,用刷子除去试验钢表面的锈层,然后用清水和酒精清洗后在干燥箱中烘干,最后称重计算腐蚀失重速率。
Q420NHB高强耐候H型钢轧制规格为HW428×407×20×35、H508×350×16×25、HW200×200×8×12,试验钢力学性能如表4所示。从表4可以看出,随着试验钢翼缘厚度的增加,屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率均表现出降低的趋势,室温下冲击功值均在100 J以上,表现出良好的韧性。不同规格的试验钢都表现出较高的强度,而且拥有良好的塑性,不同规格的试验钢的延伸率均达到24%以上。
耐腐蚀性指数是判定钢材是否具有较优良的耐大气腐蚀性能的依据,当算出的耐候指数大于等于6.0时,钢材的耐大气腐蚀性能较好[9]。根据Q420NHB厚规格高强耐候抗震H型钢的化学成分,耐腐蚀性指数(I)的计算结果在6.15~6.45之间,表明试验钢具有优良的耐大气腐蚀性能,满足技术要求。
图2为试验钢和Q345B经过72 h周期浸润腐蚀试验后的腐蚀速率和相对腐蚀率图。表5为Q345B的实测成分。由图2可知,经过测试后计算得出试验钢在常温下的腐蚀速率为1.85 g/(m2·h),而Q345B的腐蚀速率为3.93 g/(m2·h),与Q345B相比,试验钢的耐大气腐蚀性能提高约53%,表现出优良的耐大气腐蚀性能。
图3为试验钢的金相组织。从图中可以看出,试验钢的组织是由铁素体和珠光体组成,通过Image-Pro Plus软件统计得到铁素体平均晶粒尺寸为25.73 μm,其体积分数占比为74.5%。利用霍尔佩奇公式可以得出细晶强化对试验钢屈服强度的贡献值为108.47 MPa。
通过透射电镜对基体中的析出相进行观察,基体中分布的第二相析出粒子形貌及其能谱分析结果如图4所示,其中晶体内部黑色颗粒(红色椭圆标注)为第二相析出粒子。析出相形状为棒状,长度约为55~100 nm,直径约为20~30 nm,经能谱分析为(Cu,Cr)C。
(1)通过添加Cu、Cr、Ni等元素,结合轧制工艺开发出屈服强度420 MPa级高强耐候抗震H型钢,室温下冲击功值均在100 J以上,表现出良好的韧性。耐腐蚀性指数(I)在6.15~6.45之间,表现出良好的耐大气腐蚀性能。
(2)试验钢的显微组织是由铁素体和珠光体构成,其中铁素体平均晶粒尺寸为25.73 μm,细晶强化对屈服强度贡献为108.47 MPa。在晶粒内部有纳米级(Cu,Cr)C析出相,这些析出相起到钉扎位错作用,从而提高试验钢力学性能。
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2023年第49卷第2期
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  • 接收时间:2023-02-27
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
  • 出版时间:2023-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-27
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    内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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种数
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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