Article(id=1198265201385636695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198265193424847582, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)04-0058-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1686931200000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763618286700, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1692892800000, pubDateStr=2023-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763618286700, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763618286700, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763618286700, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198265193424847582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763618284803, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763621606301, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198279124902047995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198265193424847582, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198279124902047996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198265193424847582, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=58, endPage=62, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198265201607934808, articleId=1198265201385636695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Development of Seamless Steel Pipe for Thick-wall X65Q Grade Line Pipe, columnId=1198265195702354688, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Varieties and Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The chemical compositions of seamless steel pipe with wall thickness greater than 25 mm for X65Q grade line pipe are designed based on low-C Mn containing steel with microalloying technology and the optimum heat treatment process is determined by laboratory study. The test results showed that the strength and low temperature impact toughness of the material matched well with the heat treatment process of “910 ℃ quenching+670 ℃ tempering”, microstructure in the steel was mainly bainite+a small quantity of tempered sorbite, grain size was 8.5 grade; low temperature impact energy of the material at -30 ℃ was over 120 J and surplus of yield strength of the material was about 80 MPa through industrial batch production testing so that the designed steel grade could be used in productions of X65Q or higher grade line pipe with wall thickness greater than 25 mm, which could meet the requirements of related performance indexes of users.

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采用微合金化技术,以低C含Mn钢为基础,设计出壁厚大于25 mm X65Q钢级管线用无缝钢管的化学成分,并通过实验室研究确定出最佳热处理工艺。试验结果表明,采用“910 ℃淬火+670 ℃回火”热处理工艺时,材料的强度及低温冲击韧性匹配良好,钢中的显微组织主要为贝氏体+少量回火索氏体,晶粒度为8.5级;工业化批量生产检验,材料在-30 ℃低温冲击功达120 J以上,材料的屈服强度有近80 MPa富余量。设计的钢种可用于壁厚大于25 mm的X65Q及以上钢级管线管生产,满足用户相关性能指标要求。

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余泽金(1981-),男,江西省九江市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事无缝钢管新产品研究工作。

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余泽金(1981-),男,江西省九江市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事无缝钢管新产品研究工作。

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余泽金(1981-),男,江西省九江市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事无缝钢管新产品研究工作。

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C Si Mn P S Nb+V+Ti CEIIW
≤0.18 ≤0.45 ≤1.70 ≤0.025 ≤0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.43
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API Spec 5L标准对X65Q钢级管线管的化学成分的要求(质量分数) %

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C Si Mn P S Nb+V+Ti CEIIW
≤0.18 ≤0.45 ≤1.70 ≤0.025 ≤0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.43
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Rt0.5
/MPa
Rm
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Rt0.5/Rm A
/%
KV8(0 )/J
横向 纵向
415~565 520~760 ≤0.93 ≥Amin ≥27 ≥41
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API Spec 5L标准对X65Q钢级管线管力学性能的要求

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Rt0.5
/MPa
Rm
/MPa
Rt0.5/Rm A
/%
KV8(0 )/J
横向 纵向
415~565 520~760 ≤0.93 ≥Amin ≥27 ≥41
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C Si Mn P S V Ti Al
0.10~0.16 0.15~0.35 1.10~1.50 ≤0.018 ≤0.005 0.02~0.10 0.005~0.040 ≤0.045
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设计的X65Q钢级管线用无缝钢管的化学成分(质量分数) %

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C Si Mn P S V Ti Al
0.10~0.16 0.15~0.35 1.10~1.50 ≤0.018 ≤0.005 0.02~0.10 0.005~0.040 ≤0.045
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热处理工艺 Rt0.5/MPa Rm/MPa Rt0.5/Rm A/%
工艺1 590 682 0.86 24
583 684 0.85 23
工艺2 570 668 0.85 26
587 689 0.87 25
工艺3 563 649 0.87 26
546 639 0.85 25
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实验室不同回火温度下X65Q的拉伸性能

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热处理工艺 Rt0.5/MPa Rm/MPa Rt0.5/Rm A/%
工艺1 590 682 0.86 24
583 684 0.85 23
工艺2 570 668 0.85 26
587 689 0.87 25
工艺3 563 649 0.87 26
546 639 0.85 25
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热处理工艺 KV8(横向)/J
0 ℃ -10 ℃ -20 ℃ -30 ℃
工艺1 183 141 119 144
172 170 118 124
182 179 152 133
工艺2 183 199 126 126
172 165 180 162
174 177 159 117
工艺3 183 186 166 162
219 171 151 189
202 111 159 154
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实验室不同回火温度下X65Q的冲击功

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热处理工艺 KV8(横向)/J
0 ℃ -10 ℃ -20 ℃ -30 ℃
工艺1 183 141 119 144
172 170 118 124
182 179 152 133
工艺2 183 199 126 126
172 165 180 162
174 177 159 117
工艺3 183 186 166 162
219 171 151 189
202 111 159 154
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热处理工艺 Rt0.5/MPa Rm/MPa Rt0.5/Rm A/%
工艺3 540 658 0.82 28
547 659 0.83 30
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工业生产X65Q热处理后拉伸性能

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热处理工艺 Rt0.5/MPa Rm/MPa Rt0.5/Rm A/%
工艺3 540 658 0.82 28
547 659 0.83 30
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热处理工艺 KV8(横向)/J
0 ℃ -10 ℃ -20 ℃ -30 ℃
工艺3 193 189 136 126
192 175 140 142
194 187 139 127
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工业生产X65Q热处理后冲击功

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热处理工艺 KV8(横向)/J
0 ℃ -10 ℃ -20 ℃ -30 ℃
工艺3 193 189 136 126
192 175 140 142
194 187 139 127
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厚壁X65Q钢级管线用无缝钢管的研制
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余泽金 , 张行刚 , 裴福莉 , 米永峰 , 贾冬梅 , 许占海
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2023,49(4): 58-62
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2023, 49(4): 58-62
厚壁X65Q钢级管线用无缝钢管的研制
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余泽金, 张行刚, 裴福莉, 米永峰, 贾冬梅, 许占海
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢管有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 余泽金(1981-),男,江西省九江市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事无缝钢管新产品研究工作。

Development of Seamless Steel Pipe for Thick-wall X65Q Grade Line Pipe
Ze-jin Yu, Xing-gang Zhang, Fu-li Pei, Yong-feng Mi, Dong-mei Jia, Zhan-hai Xu
Affiliations
  • Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Pipe Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-08-25
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采用微合金化技术,以低C含Mn钢为基础,设计出壁厚大于25 mm X65Q钢级管线用无缝钢管的化学成分,并通过实验室研究确定出最佳热处理工艺。试验结果表明,采用“910 ℃淬火+670 ℃回火”热处理工艺时,材料的强度及低温冲击韧性匹配良好,钢中的显微组织主要为贝氏体+少量回火索氏体,晶粒度为8.5级;工业化批量生产检验,材料在-30 ℃低温冲击功达120 J以上,材料的屈服强度有近80 MPa富余量。设计的钢种可用于壁厚大于25 mm的X65Q及以上钢级管线管生产,满足用户相关性能指标要求。

微合金化  /  管线管X65Q  /  无缝钢管  /  热处理

The chemical compositions of seamless steel pipe with wall thickness greater than 25 mm for X65Q grade line pipe are designed based on low-C Mn containing steel with microalloying technology and the optimum heat treatment process is determined by laboratory study. The test results showed that the strength and low temperature impact toughness of the material matched well with the heat treatment process of “910 ℃ quenching+670 ℃ tempering”, microstructure in the steel was mainly bainite+a small quantity of tempered sorbite, grain size was 8.5 grade; low temperature impact energy of the material at -30 ℃ was over 120 J and surplus of yield strength of the material was about 80 MPa through industrial batch production testing so that the designed steel grade could be used in productions of X65Q or higher grade line pipe with wall thickness greater than 25 mm, which could meet the requirements of related performance indexes of users.

microalloying  /  line pipe X65Q  /  seamless steel pipe  /  heat treatment
余泽金, 张行刚, 裴福莉, 米永峰, 贾冬梅, 许占海. 厚壁X65Q钢级管线用无缝钢管的研制. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (4) : 58 -62 .
Ze-jin Yu, Xing-gang Zhang, Fu-li Pei, Yong-feng Mi, Dong-mei Jia, Zhan-hai Xu. Development of Seamless Steel Pipe for Thick-wall X65Q Grade Line Pipe[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (4) : 58 -62 .
随着油气管道的发展,特别是天然气输送采用大口径无缝钢管高压输送,同时选用高强度厚壁无缝管材成为发展的重要趋势之一。20世纪50年代至60年代管道输送的最高输送压力为6.3 MPa,70年代至80年代管道输送的最高输送压力达10 MPa,20世纪90年代输送压力已达14 MPa。国内外新建的天然气输送管道的工作设计压力全都超过10 MPa。目前,天然气输送管道的运行和设计压力已经达到15 MPa甚至20 MPa,甚至考虑采用更高的输送压力。随着油气输送管道压力的增加以及管道输送介质密度的增大,使用厚壁管线管可提高管道高压输送的可靠性和安全性[1]。近年来随着无缝管道输送技术不断发展和进步,同时也促进了对管线管用钢的研究和开发。目前我国无缝钢管企业在生产高等级、高强度管线管,大多采用调质热处理工艺生产,成分上以低碳锰钢为基础,添加适量的的Nb、V、Ti等微合金化元素[2]
包钢钢管公司460新机组引进世界最先进的PQF三辊轧机,同时配套有一条热处理生产线,完全具备生产X65钢级管线管的条件。针对油气输送用高压、高强管线用无缝钢管,本文以包钢钢管公司PQF460新机组热轧的X65Q管线用无缝钢管为研究对象,先在实验室研究了相同淬火温度,对应不同回火温度条件下,不同调质热处理工艺对X65Q管线管机械性能的影响,得到了同一淬火温度和不同回火温度下试验钢力学性能的变化规律。以实验室研究数据结果为依据,为工业化热处理生产提供技术支持,包钢钢管公司成功开发出Φ406.4 mm×26.19 mm规格的X65Q钢级管线用无缝钢管,并出口到伊拉克。产品的强度、低温冲击韧性、断面伸长率、断面硬度以及焊接性能和钢管尺寸精度及表面质量均符合API 5L标准要求,实现冶炼、热轧、热处理等批量化工业生产。
厚壁X65Q钢级管线用无缝钢管的化学成分和机械性能等按第46版API Spec 5L标准中X65Q钢级规范执行,钢管的化学成分要求和机械性能要求分别见表1表2
表2中伸长率最小值Amin应按以下公式计算:
$A_{\min }=1940 \times A_{\mathrm{XC}}^{0.2} / U^{0.9}$
式中:AXC为适用的拉伸试样横截面积,直径为12.7 mm和8.9 mm的圆棒试样应该为130 mm2;对板状试样应该选485 mm2与试样横截面积二者中的较小值,且圆整到最临近的10 mm2;U为规定钢级的抗拉强度最小值[3]
由于厚壁X65Q钢级管线用无缝钢管的服役条件较为苛刻,采用高压输送的油气用无缝钢管应具有高强度、较低脆性转变温度和良好的低温冲击韧性,保证材料具有良好的焊接性能。钢中C元素含量的增加,材料的屈服及抗拉强度、显微硬度明显提高的同时材料的塑性和低温韧性却降低,同时增加无缝钢管的裂纹敏感性,降低材料的可焊性[4]。无缝钢管中对碳当量贡献最大是C元素,所以,为了保证材料具有良好的可焊接性,本文研究的厚壁X65Q钢级管线管C含量控制在0.16%以内。在钢中碳含量不高的条件下,为了增强材料的淬透性,同时满足材料碳当量的要求下,加入适量的微合金化元素。其中锰元素是扩大钢中奥氏体相区的合金元素,具有增大奥氏体组织晶粒长大的倾向,同时钢中锰元素能和铁元素形成一定的固溶体,可以起到强化奥氏体和铁素体作用,增加无缝钢管的屈服强度和抗拉强度同时而不降低钢管的延展性。锰在钢液结晶过程中属于不易偏析元素,适量增加锰含量可使钢的显微组织更加均匀,力学性能以及材料的成分偏析波动更小。如果钢中锰元素的活度足够高,锰元素与硫元素结合为MnS共晶产物,其熔点为1 610 ℃,由于高于铁的熔点,MnS的生成可以防止硫元素导致的热脆效应,因此,钢中锰元素的存在,能够使得钢中奥氏体相中固溶的硫元素含量显著降低。当金属中固溶的硫元素含量相对较低,金属发生塑性变形时,位错在金属基体中移动的阻力就会减小,同时由于共晶产物MnS容易发生变形,变形性指数接近于l,且在很宽范的温度变化范围内,变形性指数不受影响;同时在非常宽范的温度范围内,MnS和钢基体的塑性非常接近,这样有利于轧管过程中的金属流动的复杂形变。锰元素此外还能够明显降低钢奥氏体相变的速度以及临界温度Ar1,有利于提高材料的淬透性,但锰元素含量过高会增加材料的回火脆性以及过热敏感性,因此本文中锰含量设计不超过1.50%。其他微合金化元素钒、钛能提高钢的强度,起到细化组织晶粒、降低材料过热敏感性的作用。
根据公司高等级管线管的成分设计经验以及现场生产实践,厚壁X65Q管线用无缝钢管以低碳+锰为基础,加人适量的钒、钛微合金化元素[5],经过调质热处理工艺,充分发挥钢中合金元素各自的作用,形成细晶强化和沉淀强化等强化方式来保证金属材料的强度和冲击韧性;同时尽可能降低钢中硫、磷等有害元素含量,硫化物含量或硫含量对金属材料的低温冲击性能的影响很大。一般说来,钢的低温冲击韧性会随钢中硫含量的增高而呈现出降低的趋势,材料的横向低温冲击韧性的降低则会更加明显。钢中硫含量高还容易引起硫化物导致的氢致裂纹和应力腐蚀,尤其是当油气输送管道中含有一定量的硫化氢、二氧化碳等腐蚀性气体时[6]。因此,钢中的硫含量设计应不超过0.005%,可以起到降低材料发生氢致裂纹的概率。
高炉铁水→铁水预处理→120 t转炉冶炼→LF炉外精炼→VD真空处理→圆坯连铸→管坯加热→穿孔→PQF热连轧→定径→冷却→锯切→探伤检测→水压测试→人工检查→倒棱→测长、称重、喷标→入库。
以120 t转炉配合LF炉外精炼+VD真空脱气炼钢,实现低磷硫、低非金属夹杂物以及窄成分范围的控制,由弧形连铸机制成Φ430 mm连铸圆坯。转炉采用单渣冶炼工艺,前期利用低温实现快速脱磷,精炼后期实现快速脱硫、脱气以及非金属夹杂物去除。炉外精炼采用LF+VD组合冶炼以及全程吹氩气的工艺,精炼过程中使用铝粒和碳化硅进行脱氧处理,冶炼过程分批均匀加入,保证精炼过程良好的还原气氛。
采用Φ430 mm连铸圆坯在Φ460 mm PQF热连轧管机组生产。将连铸圆坯料锯切定尺后装入环形炉中加热至1 260 ℃,通过锥形穿孔机穿孔轧制成Φ524 mm×33 mm的毛管,再经PQF连轧管机轧制成Φ467.7 mm×24 mm的荒管,荒管再经过微张力减径机减径为Φ406.4 mm×26.19 mm的成品无缝钢管,随后通过冷床冷却,进入精整线进行相应后续工序处理。
因热轧态的无缝钢管力学性能不能满足用户及标准的要求,需要进行相应的热处理。为了降低材料的屈强比和材料的脆性转变温度,热轧后的无缝钢管进行离线热处理,采用“淬火+高温回火”工艺,使钢管的显微组织更加细致、均匀,提高钢管韧性同时提高无缝钢管的强度,使材料具有良好的强韧性匹配[7]
钢中均匀的化学成分可以提高钢的耐腐蚀性,若热处理的淬火温度较低,钢中存在碳化物高温溶解不充分,则钢中奥氏体组织、成分出现不均匀,奥氏体中固溶的碳元素及其他合金元素含量则相对较低,降低回火过程中第二相析出量,淬火后马氏体的强度偏低,最终影响材料的强度及断裂韧性;若淬火温度过高,则会导致奥氏体晶粒的粗大,材料的的冲击韧性降低、出现冷脆趋势增加。
试验钢属于亚共析钢,淬火温度应该在 A c 3( A c 1=720 ℃; A c 3=853.5 ℃)以上30~50 ℃之间,另外考虑到实际生产时淬火炉炉温与管体温度的实际温差,钢管从淬火炉出来到水淬过程中存在温降,导致钢管水淬时温度偏低,故淬火温度设为910 ℃,并在该温度下保温一定的时间,使钢的组织完全奥氏体化。根据经验公式计算:
t=a·K·D≈36 min
式中:t为加热时间,min;a为钢种系数,公式中低碳钢取1.0;K为装炉系数,取1.4;D为试验钢有效厚度,取26 mm。
因此淬火保温时间控制在36 min左右。
回火的目的是消除因淬火时产生的大量残余应力,从而提高钢的塑性和韧性,提高组织稳定性,细化晶粒。根据实验室研究数据,以及综合考虑材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度、冲击功和伸长率等力学性能指标,将工业热处理生产的回火温度确定为670 ℃,回火时间确定为90 min。具体热处理工艺制度如图1所示。
设计的X65Q钢级管线用无缝钢管的化学成分和实验室不同热处理工艺下的力学性能数据见表3表5。各工艺条件如下。
工艺1:淬火温度为910 ℃,保温36 min进行水冷,回火温度为630 ℃,保温90 min进行空冷;工艺2:淬火温度为910 ℃,保温36 min进行水冷,回火温度为650 ℃,保温90 min进行空冷;工艺3:淬火温度为910 ℃,保温36 min进行水冷,回火温度为670 ℃,保温90 min进行空冷。
表4可知,回火温度在630~670 ℃,屈服强度、抗拉强度变化较为明显;在淬火温度相同、保温时间相同的情况下,试验钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度随回火温度的升高而有降低的趋势。现场批量生产调质工艺:淬火温度为910 ℃,保温36 min进行水冷,回火温度为670 ℃,保温90 min进行空冷。
调质热处理后的钢管各项性能指标均满足标准及客户要求,力学性能见表6表7
厚壁X65Q钢级管线用无缝钢管调质热处理后的组织照片如图2所示。670 ℃回火后X65Q显微组织为贝氏体+少量回火索氏体,组织均匀,晶粒细小,晶粒度达8.5级,满足材料设计要求。
(1)采用微合金化技术,以低碳含锰钢为基础设计出X65Q钢级管线用无缝钢管的化学成分,并通过试验确定采用“910 ℃淬火+670 ℃回火”热处理工艺,材料强韧性匹配性良好,该热处理工艺最佳。
(2)对批量化生产的材料力学性能及显微组织进行检验,显微组织为贝氏体+少量回火索氏体,晶粒度为8.5级;材料在-30 ℃冲击值达120 J以上,材料的屈服强度有近80 MPa富余量。
(3)试验结果表明,试验钢满足壁厚大于25 mm X65Q钢级的力学性能要求,实现了大于25 mm壁厚非API标准的管线管产品开发。
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  • 接收时间:2023-06-17
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
  • 出版时间:2023-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-17
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    内蒙古包钢钢管有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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