Article(id=1198265197602370294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198265193424847582, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)04-0006-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1683388800000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763618285799, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1692892800000, pubDateStr=2023-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763618285799, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763618285799, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763618285799, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198265193424847582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763618284803, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763621606301, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198279124902047995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198265193424847582, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198279124902047996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198265193424847582, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6, endPage=10, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198265197837251319, articleId=1198265197602370294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=High Temperature Rheological Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel Based on Modified Johnson-Cook Constitutive Model, columnId=1187100781414069182, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the paper, the representational capacity of modified Johnson-Cook (m-JC) constitutive model on the high temperature rheological behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel is studied. The material constants of constitutive model are calculated with the data of experimental true stress-strain for isothermal compression test at different temperatures, strains and strain rates so that the m-JC constitutive model of 304 austenitic stainless steel is established. The applicability of the model is evaluated by comparing the correlation coefficient, average relative error and mean square error of predicted results. The results showed that the average absolute relative error between the predicted results and experimental results of m-JC model was 6.77%, correlation coefficient was 0.987 as well as mean square error was 11.2 MPa so that the m-JC constitutive model could more accurately describe the rheological behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel.

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文章研究了修正的Johnson-Cook(m-JC)本构模型对304奥氏体不锈钢高温流变行为的表征能力。利用不同温度、应变和应变速率等温热压缩试验的试验真应力-应变数据来计算本构模型的材料常数,建立了关于304奥氏体不锈钢的m-JC本构模型。通过比较预测结果的相关系数、平均相对误差以及均方差,评估了模型的适用性。结果表明,修正的JC模型预测结果和试验结果之间的平均相对误差绝对值为6.77%,相关系数为0.987,均方差为11.2 MPa,m-JC本构模型可以较为准确的描述304奥氏体不锈钢的流变行为。

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邬宇轩(1997-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事金属新材料产品研发工作。

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邬宇轩(1997-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事金属新材料产品研发工作。

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邬宇轩(1997-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事金属新材料产品研发工作。

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C Si Mn P S Cr Ni N Fe
0.04 0.42 1.13 0.03 0.001 1 18.16 8.02 0.04 其他
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304不锈钢的化学成分(质量分数) %

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C Si Mn P S Cr Ni N Fe
0.04 0.42 1.13 0.03 0.001 1 18.16 8.02 0.04 其他
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A1 B1 B2 C1 λ1 λ2
87.7 122.4 -92.9 0.160 -0.004 05 0.000 117
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304奥氏体不锈钢的修正Johnson-Cook模型参数

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A1 B1 B2 C1 λ1 λ2
87.7 122.4 -92.9 0.160 -0.004 05 0.000 117
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基于修正Johnson-Cook本构模型的奥氏体不锈钢高温流变行为
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邬宇轩 , 刘朋成 , 冯海涛 , 卢晓禹 , 徐涛 , 王俊刚 , 郝娟娟
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2023,49(4): 6-10
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2023, 49(4): 6-10
基于修正Johnson-Cook本构模型的奥氏体不锈钢高温流变行为
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邬宇轩, 刘朋成, 冯海涛, 卢晓禹, 徐涛, 王俊刚, 郝娟娟
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 邬宇轩(1997-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事金属新材料产品研发工作。

High Temperature Rheological Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel Based on Modified Johnson-Cook Constitutive Model
Yu-xuan Wu, Peng-cheng Liu, Hai-tao Feng, Xiao-yu Lu, Tao Xu, Jun-gang Wang, Juan-juan Hao
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-08-25
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文章研究了修正的Johnson-Cook(m-JC)本构模型对304奥氏体不锈钢高温流变行为的表征能力。利用不同温度、应变和应变速率等温热压缩试验的试验真应力-应变数据来计算本构模型的材料常数,建立了关于304奥氏体不锈钢的m-JC本构模型。通过比较预测结果的相关系数、平均相对误差以及均方差,评估了模型的适用性。结果表明,修正的JC模型预测结果和试验结果之间的平均相对误差绝对值为6.77%,相关系数为0.987,均方差为11.2 MPa,m-JC本构模型可以较为准确的描述304奥氏体不锈钢的流变行为。

304奥氏体不锈钢  /  变形行为  /  修正的Johnson-Cook模型  /  本构方程  /  流变应力

In the paper, the representational capacity of modified Johnson-Cook (m-JC) constitutive model on the high temperature rheological behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel is studied. The material constants of constitutive model are calculated with the data of experimental true stress-strain for isothermal compression test at different temperatures, strains and strain rates so that the m-JC constitutive model of 304 austenitic stainless steel is established. The applicability of the model is evaluated by comparing the correlation coefficient, average relative error and mean square error of predicted results. The results showed that the average absolute relative error between the predicted results and experimental results of m-JC model was 6.77%, correlation coefficient was 0.987 as well as mean square error was 11.2 MPa so that the m-JC constitutive model could more accurately describe the rheological behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel.

304 austenitic stainless steel  /  deformation behavior  /  modified Johnson-Cook model  /  constitutive equation  /  flow stress
邬宇轩, 刘朋成, 冯海涛, 卢晓禹, 徐涛, 王俊刚, 郝娟娟. 基于修正Johnson-Cook本构模型的奥氏体不锈钢高温流变行为. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (4) : 6 -10 .
Yu-xuan Wu, Peng-cheng Liu, Hai-tao Feng, Xiao-yu Lu, Tao Xu, Jun-gang Wang, Juan-juan Hao. High Temperature Rheological Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel Based on Modified Johnson-Cook Constitutive Model[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (4) : 6 -10 .
奥氏体不锈钢由于优异的综合性能被广泛应用于各行各业,尤其304奥氏体不锈钢,在国内的需求量十分巨大[1]。近年来,随着研究的不断深入,人们发现,材料的高温流变行为对于正确设计热加工工艺参数至关重要,这些参数直接影响组织演变[2-3],并最终影响成型构件的力学性能。杨成曦等[4]建立了锻态7050铝合金的修正JC模型,将不同的本构模型输入到DEFORM-3D中进行有限元模拟,确定修正JC模型对锻态7050铝合金热变形行为的有限元模拟是可行的。罗刚等[5]通过静态拉伸及SHPB试验获取船用Q345B钢在0.000 2~1.680 s-1应变速率范围内材料的应力-应变曲线,基于试验数据构建了修正的Johnson-Cook本构模型具有良好适应性。叶建华等[6]通过TA12钛合金在温度范围为700~850 ℃、应变速率为0.001~0.1 s-1的高温拉伸试验数据构建了修正的JC本构模型,可准确地描述TA12钛合金的高温流变行为。本研究的目的是分析修正Johnson-Cook本构模型对304奥氏体不锈钢高温流变行为的表征能力,利用等温热压缩试验数据确定模型的材料常数。随后,对模型用于预测304奥氏体不锈钢在特定热加工区域内的流变应力的适用性进行了评估。通过比较预测结果的相关系数、平均绝对误差以及跟踪变形行为的能力等,来评估该模型的适用性。
本研究所用的材料为304奥氏体不锈钢,其化学成分如表1所示。试验为单向压缩,样品取自工业生产连铸坯,尺寸为Φ10 mm×15 mm圆柱形试样,柱体轴线与连铸坯厚度方向平行。在Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机上进行温度为1 173 K、1 273 K、1 373 K和1 473 K的等温热压缩试验,应变速率分别设为0.01 s-1、0.1 s-1、1 s-1和10 s-1。利用石墨片来减小试样与压头之间的表面摩擦,以提高试验结果的准确性。热压缩试验过程如图1所示。
JC模型的流变应力表示为[7]:
$\sigma=\left(A+B \varepsilon^{\mathrm{n}}\right)\left[1+C \ln \left(\dot{\varepsilon} / \dot{\varepsilon}_{0}\right)\right]\{1-[(T-\left.\left.\left.T_{\mathrm{r}}\right) /\left(T_{\mathrm{m}}-T_{\mathrm{r}}\right)\right]^{\mathrm{m}}\right\}$
式中,σ为(Von Mises)流变应力,MPa;ε为塑性应变;A为参考温度和应变速率下的屈服应力,MPa;B为材料应变硬化系数;n为材料应变硬化指数; ε ˙为应变速率,s-1; ε ˙ 0为参考应变速率,s-1;T为试验温度,K;Tm为熔点温度,Tm=1 673 K;Tr为参考温度,TTr,以试验结果的最低温度作为参考温度[8-9];Cm为材料常数,分别表示材料应变速率硬化系数和热软化指数。
JC模型假设应变、应变速率和变形温度为独立参数。这种假设降低了它的准确性。为了解决这一问题,Li[10]考虑了应变、应变速率和温度对流变应力的耦合作用,提出了修正的JC模型:
$\sigma=\left(A_{1}+B_{1} \varepsilon+B_{2} \varepsilon^{2}\right)\left(1+C_{1} \ln \dot{\varepsilon}^{*}\right) \exp \left[\lambda_{1}+\right.\left.\left.\lambda_{2} \ln \dot{\varepsilon}^{*}\right)\left(T-T_{\mathrm{ref}}\right)\right]$
式中:A1B1B2C1λ1λ2为材料常数; ε ˙ *= ε ˙ ε ˙ 0;其他符号含义与式(1)中所述含义相同。
以1 173 K为参考温度,0.01 s-1为参考应变速率,材料常数的推导如下。
在参考变形条件下,式(2)可以简化为σ=A1+B1ε+B2ε2,采用最小二乘法对试验数据σ-ε进行拟合,拟合关系曲线如图2(a)所示。根据拟合结果可以确定A1B1B2分别为:A1=87.8,B1=122.4,B2=-92.9。
准静态数据由式σ=A1+B1ε+B2ε2预测,与试验数据对比,对比结果如图2(b)所示。修正后的模型能较好地拟合试验数据,且相关性较好,相关系数达到0.991。因此,我们使用二次函数来建立JC模型。
在变形温度为参考变形温度Tr=900 ℃的条件下,式(2)可以转化为:
$\sigma=\left(A_{1}+B_{1} \varepsilon+B_{2} \varepsilon^{2}\right)\left(1+C_{1} \ln \dot{\varepsilon}^{*}\right)$
转换式(3)可得σ/(A1+B1ε+B2ε2)=(1+C1ln ε ˙ *),在0.01 s-1、0.1 s-1、1 s-1和10 s-1四种不同应变速率下,选取了14个应变值对应的应力值。将56组数据代入,绘制σ/(A1+B1ε+B2ε2)与ln ε ˙ *之间的关系曲线,并进行线性拟合,结果如图3所示。因此,C1的值可以通过拟合曲线的斜率得到。
当应变速率率为参考应变率 ε ˙=0.01 s-1时,式(2)可以简化为:
$\sigma /\left(A_{1}+B_{1} \varepsilon+B_{2} \varepsilon^{2}\right)\left(1+C_{1} \ln \dot{\varepsilon}^{*}\right)=\left.\exp \left[\left(\lambda_{1}+\lambda_{2}\right) \ln \dot{\varepsilon}^{*}\right)\left(T-T_{\mathrm{ref}}\right)\right]$
引入一个新参数λ:λ=λ1+λ2ln ε ˙ *。将上面的方程重新排列,两边取自然对数,得到式(5):
$\ln \left[\sigma /\left(A_{1}+B_{1} \varepsilon+B_{2} \varepsilon^{2}\right)\left(1+C_{1} \ln \dot{\varepsilon}^{*}\right)\right]=\lambda\left(T-T_{\mathrm{ref}}\right)$
在应变速率分别为0.01 s-1、0.1 s-1、1 s-1和10 s-1的四种应变速率下,在1 173 K、1 273 K、1 373 K和1 473 K的四种变形温度下,分别取每种应变速率和温度下14种应变对应的14个应力值,得到一组数据。将上述数据代入式(5),分别画出各应变速率下ln[σ/(A1+B1ε+B2ε2)(1+C1ln ε ˙ *)]和T-Tref之间的关系曲线,并进行线性拟合,最终得到不同应变速率下ln[σ/(A1+B1ε+B2ε2)(1+C1ln ε ˙ *)]和T-Tref的关系曲线。然后,得到了在这四种应变速率下λ的值。通过绘制λ和ln ε ˙ *曲线,并进行线性拟合,得到λ和ln ε ˙ *的关系曲线,然后根据拟合直线的截距和斜率,得到λ1λ2的值。具有耦合关系的二次函数修正JC模型的相关参数如表2所示。根据本构模型相关参数的计算结果,图4给出了在0.01~10 s-1应变速率范围内,依据修正的JC本构模型计算出的流变应力预测值和实验值的对比曲线。
为了比较本文所建立的本构方程的预测精度,采用了相关系数(R)、平均相对误差(AARE)和均方差(RMSE)对本构方程的可预测性进行量化。它们的表达式表示为[11-13]:
$\mathrm{R}=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{N}\left(E_{i}-\bar{E}\right)\left(P_{i}-\bar{P}\right)}{\sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^{N}\left(E_{i}-\bar{E}\right)^{2} \sum_{i=1}^{N}\left(P_{i}-\bar{P}\right)^{2}}}$
AARE(%)= 1 N i = 1 N   E i - P i E i×100
RMSE= 1 N i = 1 N ( E i - P i ) 2
式中:Ei为试验应力值;Pi为预测应力值; E ¯ P ¯分别是EiPi的平均值;N为样本中包含的数据个数。
修正JC模型在整个变形范围内的试验和预测流变应力之间的相关性如图5所示。通过计算可以得到试验值与预测值之间的相关系数为0.987,平均相对误差为6.77%,均方差为11.2 MPa。在本研究中观察到,修正的JC模型能够在整个变形温度和应变速率附近的范围内较为准确的预测304奥氏体不锈钢高温变形的流变应力。
(1)基于m-JC模型建立了304奥氏体不锈钢的本构模型,m-JC本构模型预测得到真应力与试验结果间的平均相对误差绝对值为6.77%,相关系数为0.987,均方差为11.2 MPa,预测精度高,泛化能力好,可以较好地描述304奥氏体不锈钢的高温流变行为。
(2)基于修正的Johnson-Cook方程,304奥氏体不锈钢的应力和应变、应变速率以及变形温度的关系为σ=(87.7+122.4ε-92.9ε2)(1+1.160ln ε ˙ *)exp[(-0.004 05+0.000 117ln ε ˙ *)(T-Tref)]。
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2023年第49卷第4期
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  • 接收时间:2023-05-07
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
  • 出版时间:2023-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-07
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    内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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