Article(id=1198265195480056568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198265193424847582, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)04-0030-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1680796800000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763618285293, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1692892800000, pubDateStr=2023-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763618285293, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763618285293, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763618285293, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198265193424847582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763618284803, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763621606301, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198279124902047995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198265193424847582, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198279124902047996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198265193424847582, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=30, endPage=33, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198265195773657861, articleId=1198265195480056568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Trial Production of 550 MPa Grade Low Alloy High Strength Steel, columnId=1198265195702354688, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Varieties and Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the paper, it is elaborated the key trial production plan of 550 MPa grade low alloy high strength steel including the chemical composition, hot rolling, cold rolling and annealing processes in detail as well as studied the effects of alloy elements and production processes on microstructure and properties of products. The trial production results showed that the microstructure of 550 MPa grade low alloy high strength steel was mainly composed of ferrite and dispersed precipitated phase of TiC, its main strengthening mechanisms were fine-grain strengthening and precipitation strengthening as well as its yield strength was 556~581 MPa, tensile strength was 622~653 MPa and elongation was 14.0%~16.5%, which could meet the requirements of relevant standards and product applications.

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文章详细阐述了550 MPa级低合金高强钢的关键试制方案,包括化学成分、热轧工艺、冷轧工艺、退火工艺。研究了合金元素、生产工艺对产品组织及性能的影响。试制结果表明,550 MPa级低合金高强钢微观组织主要由铁素体与弥散分布的TiC析出相组成,其主要强化机制为细晶强化与析出强化。试制钢带屈服强度为556~581 MPa,抗拉强度为622~653 MPa,延伸率为14.0%~16.5%,满足相关标准及产品应用要求。

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张 奇(1989-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事产品开发工作。

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张 奇(1989-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事产品开发工作。

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张 奇(1989-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事产品开发工作。

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C Si Mn P S Alt Ti Nb
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试验钢设计化学成分(质量分数) %

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C Si Mn P S Alt Ti Nb
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550 MPa级低合金高强钢的试制
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张奇 , 刘妍 , 张秀飞 , 路璐
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2023,49(4): 30-33
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2023, 49(4): 30-33
550 MPa级低合金高强钢的试制
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张奇, 刘妍, 张秀飞, 路璐
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 张 奇(1989-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事产品开发工作。

Trial Production of 550 MPa Grade Low Alloy High Strength Steel
Qi Zhang, Yan Liu, Xiu-fei Zhang, Lu Lu
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-08-25
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文章详细阐述了550 MPa级低合金高强钢的关键试制方案,包括化学成分、热轧工艺、冷轧工艺、退火工艺。研究了合金元素、生产工艺对产品组织及性能的影响。试制结果表明,550 MPa级低合金高强钢微观组织主要由铁素体与弥散分布的TiC析出相组成,其主要强化机制为细晶强化与析出强化。试制钢带屈服强度为556~581 MPa,抗拉强度为622~653 MPa,延伸率为14.0%~16.5%,满足相关标准及产品应用要求。

低合金高强钢  /  细晶强化  /  析出强化

In the paper, it is elaborated the key trial production plan of 550 MPa grade low alloy high strength steel including the chemical composition, hot rolling, cold rolling and annealing processes in detail as well as studied the effects of alloy elements and production processes on microstructure and properties of products. The trial production results showed that the microstructure of 550 MPa grade low alloy high strength steel was mainly composed of ferrite and dispersed precipitated phase of TiC, its main strengthening mechanisms were fine-grain strengthening and precipitation strengthening as well as its yield strength was 556~581 MPa, tensile strength was 622~653 MPa and elongation was 14.0%~16.5%, which could meet the requirements of relevant standards and product applications.

low alloy high strength steel  /  fine-grain strengthening  /  precipitation strengthening
张奇, 刘妍, 张秀飞, 路璐. 550 MPa级低合金高强钢的试制. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (4) : 30 -33 .
Qi Zhang, Yan Liu, Xiu-fei Zhang, Lu Lu. Trial Production of 550 MPa Grade Low Alloy High Strength Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (4) : 30 -33 .
随着行业的发展,汽车厂家对材料的要求日益提高,采用强度更高材料替代强度较低的材料实现轻量化是目前汽车工业的发展趋势,同时高强度钢板切换能够提高汽车的抗变形能力,进一步增加了汽车的使用寿命和安全性[1-2]。冷轧低合金高强钢通过添加Mn、Nb、Ti等合金元素实现强度提高,在汽车结构件和加强板中占主要比例,如汽车底盘、座椅系统、发动机仓等零件大量使用低合金高强钢。开发强度级别较高、钢板厚度较薄的低合金高强钢应用前景广阔。
为了使低合金高强钢具有良好的变形能力及焊接性能,产品采用低碳成分设计。550 MPa级低合金高强钢主要添加了Mn、Nb、Ti合金元素实现强度的提高。Mn为固溶强化强化元素,Mn元素对奥氏体相变具有抑制作用,从而影响转变后的组织形态。此外Mn能够影响碳氮化物的沉淀析出行为,增加铌在奥氏体中的固溶度,在后续冷却过程中对碳氮化铌的析出起到推迟的作用。Nb元素的添加会产生显著的晶粒细化效果,Nb的存在可以抑制奥氏体的再结晶行为,使晶界迁移困难,将未再结晶区的范围增大,实现晶粒细化。微量的Nb作用较大,但并非Nb的含量越高强化效果越好[3]。Ti元素活性高,容易与C、N原子结合形成稳定的化合物,消除间隙原子,有利于提高产品塑性[4]。对于复合添加Nb、Ti的低合金高强钢,少量Ti元素对抑制奥氏体晶粒的长大和提高再结晶温度有显著的影响[5],在热轧过程中析出的第二相粒子形态及分布也会影响后续的冷轧退火过程。
试验钢严格控制有害元素含量,铁水通过机械搅拌,使铁水产生漩涡,然后添加脱硫剂,使铁水中的硫与脱硫剂连续发生反应,要求入转炉铁水硫含量不大于0.010%,脱硫渣扒清面积大于95%,防止转炉进入高硫渣使硫含量再次上升。转炉通过碱度及氧化性较高的炉渣进行脱磷,将P含量控制在0.02%以内,吹氧脱碳升温,进一步控制P、S成分,防止钢液过氧化,终点出钢温度控制在1 620 ℃以上。LF精炼炉造渣、脱氧及脱硫,加入铝铁、硅铁、锰铁及铌铁等合金调整成分到目标范围。RH精炼工序进行真空脱气处理,RH真空处理期间加入钛铁等合金调整成分到目标范围,合金加入完毕保证钢水循环纯脱气时间不小于5 min。RH真空处理结束后进行钙处理,钙处理后保证软吹时间不小于8 min。试验钢化学成分如表1所示。
热轧工艺的制定主要考虑热轧温度对晶粒尺寸及析出相的影响。TiN析出温度较高,大于1 300 ℃,并稳定存在于后续加工阶段,即使通过高温板坯加热、终轧及后续退火工艺,TiN均不会溶解。因此热轧工艺主要考虑TiC、NbC析出情况。TiC溶解温度在1 000 ℃以下。NbC的平衡溶解温度公式为lg(ω[Nb]·ω[C])=2.26-6 770/ T k [ 6 - 7 ],ω[Nb]、ω[C]分别为铌和碳的质量分数,Tk为加热温度。按照该公式计算得出板坯的加热温度为1 035 ℃,为了保证合金元素的碳氮化物能够在奥氏体中部分溶解,连铸坯加热温度设计高于1 200 ℃,为后续热轧过程中形成更为细小的析出相提供条件,从而抑制再结晶及晶粒长大,起到沉淀强化作用。同时较高的加热温度有利于改善板坯中的偏析问题。高温终轧设计可以使钢带在单相奥氏体区轧制获得均匀的晶粒,终轧温度不低于890 ℃。采用低温卷取设计以获得弥散细小的析出物,卷取温度设定低于600 ℃。
钢板经过冷轧后,内部晶粒拉长,大量位错、空位等晶体缺陷、内应力等随之产生,自由能升高,处于不稳定状态,通过再结晶退火可以消除加工硬化,晶粒形态转变为等轴晶。冷轧变形量对再结晶产生显著影响,冷轧变形量越大,冷变形金属内部的储存能也就越高,再结晶驱动力也越大,再结晶温度随之降低。由于550 MPa级低合金高强钢加入较多的Mn、Ti合金元素,对晶粒再结晶有推迟作用,因此应采用大变形量冷轧和高温退火工艺,根据产品特点,冷轧压下率不小于70%。采用连续退火工艺设计,退火速度在80~120 m/℃,退火温度根据不同厚度设计范围为780~820 ℃,如图1所示。
在冷轧钢板宽度方向1/4处,切取6 mm×5 mm×1.2 mm(轧向×宽度×板厚)金相试样,经过粗磨、精磨及抛光,采用浓度为4%的硝酸酒精溶液对抛光试样腐蚀,用金相显微镜进行组织形貌观察。冷轧退火后微观组织如图2所示,晶粒总体为等轴状,晶粒尺寸较小,晶粒度为12级,说明合金元素形成的碳氮化物阻碍了晶界的迁移,细化晶粒效果较为明显。从金相照片可以看出,微观组织主要由铁素体和弥散分布于晶内及晶界的细小析出相构成。
为进一步分析析出相分布情况,将试样用砂纸磨到厚度为40 μm左右的薄片,冲成Φ3 mm的圆片并进行电解双喷,制作透射样品,对析出相进行透射电镜检测,如图3所示。析出相形貌为球状,在晶界及晶内弥散分布,较大的析出相尺寸为51.4 nm,较小的析出相尺寸在20 nm以内,较大的析出相相对较少,较小的析出相数量较多。能谱分析结果显示析出相为TiC颗粒。TiC析出相的尺寸主要与析出温度有关,TiC的相间析出主要发生在热轧的层流冷却阶段,铁素体过饱和导致TiC的析出主要发生在热轧卷取阶段,卷取温度越低,析出相越弥散,并且尺寸越小,析出强化效果越显著[8]。通过透射电镜检测的TiC析出相均为纳米级,进一步验证了热轧卷取温度制定合理,主要起到细晶强化和析出强化作用,晶粒越细小,晶界面积越大,变形过程中位错阻力越大。弥散分布的TiC第二相粒子对位错具有“钉扎”作用,TiC属于硬质相,根据Orowan强化理论[9],位错无法直接切开TiC颗粒,位错线只能通过采取绕过的方式运动,导致位错环逐渐增加,位错继续运动时更加困难,从而实现强度的提高。
对试制的钢带力学性能进行统计,见图4。550 MPa级低合金高强钢屈服强度为556~581 MPa,抗拉强度为622~653 MPa,延伸率为14.0%~16.5%,符合屈服强度为550~700 MPa、抗拉强度不低于620 MPa、伸长率不小于14.0%的标准要求[10]。性能指标稳定,波动范围小,符合终端用户技术条件,如图4所示。通过严格控制热轧板坯加热温度、精轧终轧温度、退火温度等工艺参数,力学性能的稳定性得到了保证。
(1)550 MPa级低合金高强钢通过添加少量Nb、Ti元素实现细晶强化与析出强化,试制产品采用高温终轧(≥890 ℃)、低温卷取(≤600 ℃)、大变形量(≥70%)、适当的退火温度(780~820 ℃)工艺设计。
(2)通过光学显微镜及透射电镜检测,550 MPa级低合金高强钢微观组织由铁素体和弥散分布的TiC析出相组成。
(3)通过透射电镜检测,TiC析出相均为纳米级,析出强化效果显著,进一步验证热轧卷取温度制定合理。
(4)550 MPa级低合金高强钢屈服强度为556~581 MPa,抗拉强度为622~653 MPa,延伸率为14.0%~16.5%。性能指标稳定,波动范围小,符合终端用户技术条件。
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  • 接收时间:2023-04-07
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
  • 出版时间:2023-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-07
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    内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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