Article(id=1188430996664889769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188430994622268045, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)04-0085-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717171200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761273629585, onlineDateStr=2025-10-24, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761273629585, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761273629585, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761273629585, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1188430994622268045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761273629097, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761283356674, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1188471795062555053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188430994622268045, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1188471795062555054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188430994622268045, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=85, endPage=88, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1188430996857827757, articleId=1188430996664889769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Cause Analysis on Fluctuation of Impact Energy for Q690 Steel Plate with Large Thickness, columnId=null, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, the fluctuation of impact energy for Q690 steel plate with large thickness of 80 mm are analyzed. The low temperature impact tests of samples taken from different positions of plate thickness are carried out as well as their fracture and microstructure are compared and analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and metallographic microscope. The differences of impact energy at different positions of plate thickness are great, which are 14.9 J in the center, 27.2 J at the quarter part and 95.4 J near the surface. The corresponding microstructures are coarse tempered bainite and a small amount of tempered sorbite structure with orientation of martensite in the center, tempered sorbite and bainite structures with orientation of martensite at the quarter part as well as fine tempered sorbite structure with orientation of martensite near the surface. The analysis results showed that the main cause for fluctuation of impact energy was the differences of microstructure and grain size. The experiment showed that the higher the proportion of bainite in microstructure, the larger the grain size and the lower the corresponding impact energy. Based on the CCT(continuous cooling transformation) curves of Q690 steel, it is analyzed and judged that insufficient cooling during quenching process causes insufficient cooling speed from the quarter part to the center of steel plate due to the larger thickness specification of Q690 steel plate so that the whole martensitic structure could not be obtained after quenching, microstructure in the direction of plate thickness is uneven, especially different proportions of bainite structure appear at the quarter part and in the center of plate thickness, which cause the fluctuation of impact energy. The uniformity of microstructure for Q690 steel plate with large thickness specification is improved so that the impact energy and its stability are improved by optimizing on-site quenching and tempering process.

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文章针对80 mm大厚度规格Q690钢板冲击功波动情况进行了分析,在实验室开展了钢板厚度不同位置试样的低温冲击试验,并利用扫描电镜和金相显微镜对钢板厚度不同位置冲击试验的断口及显微组织进行了对比分析。钢板厚度不同位置的冲击功差异较大,从心部的14.9 J,到四分之一部位的27.2 J再到近表面的95.4 J,对应的显微组织心部为粗大的回火贝氏体加少量具有马氏体位向的回火索氏体组织,四分之一部位为具有马氏体位向的回火索氏体加回火贝氏体组织,近表面部位为细小的具有马氏体位向的回火索氏体组织。分析结果表明,冲击功波动的主要原因是显微组织和晶粒度的差异,试验表明显微组织中的贝氏体比例越高、晶粒越大则对应的冲击功越低。结合Q690钢的CCT曲线,分析判断由于Q690钢板厚度规格较大,在淬火过程中的冷却不充分导致钢板的四分之一部位至心部的冷却速度不够,淬火后不能获得全部的马氏体组织,板厚度方向的显微组织不均匀,特别是在板厚的四分之一部位和心部出现不同比例的贝氏体组织,因此导致冲击功波动。通过优化现场的调质工艺,大厚度规格Q690钢板的显微组织均匀性得到改善,使冲击功及其稳定性得到了提高。

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李智丽(1971-),女,辽宁省盘锦市人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事金属材料热处理及失效分析工作。

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李智丽(1971-),女,辽宁省盘锦市人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事金属材料热处理及失效分析工作。

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李智丽(1971-),女,辽宁省盘锦市人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事金属材料热处理及失效分析工作。

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项目 C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo Nb+V+Ti Alt B
试验钢 0.13 0.43 1.65 0.013 0.008 0.29 0.28 0.26 0.13 0.26 0.002
GB/T 16270—2009 ≤0.20 ≤0.80 ≤1.80 ≤0.025 ≤0.015 ≤1.50 ≤2.00 ≤0.70 0.015~0.23 0.018~0.035 ≤0.005
), ArticleFig(id=1189619198012698830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188430996664889769, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验钢的化学成分(质量分数) %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo Nb+V+Ti Alt B
试验钢 0.13 0.43 1.65 0.013 0.008 0.29 0.28 0.26 0.13 0.26 0.002
GB/T 16270—2009 ≤0.20 ≤0.80 ≤1.80 ≤0.025 ≤0.015 ≤1.50 ≤2.00 ≤0.70 0.015~0.23 0.018~0.035 ≤0.005
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编号 冲击功/J
1 2 3 平均值
11 48.4 18.9 18.5 28.6
12 57.8 54.6 36.0 49.5
13 19.9 14.9 15.6 16.8
14 86.0 45.6 42.8 58.1
15 95.4 57.3 52.9 68.5
), ArticleFig(id=1189619198230802642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188430996664889769, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同位置-20 ℃纵向冲击试验结果

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编号 冲击功/J
1 2 3 平均值
11 48.4 18.9 18.5 28.6
12 57.8 54.6 36.0 49.5
13 19.9 14.9 15.6 16.8
14 86.0 45.6 42.8 58.1
15 95.4 57.3 52.9 68.5
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大厚度Q690钢板冲击功波动原因分析
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李智丽 , 刘洪霞 , 靳燕 , 白雅琼 , 寇沙沙
包钢科技 | 2024,50(4): 85-88
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包钢科技 | 2024, 50(4): 85-88
大厚度Q690钢板冲击功波动原因分析
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李智丽, 刘洪霞, 靳燕, 白雅琼, 寇沙沙
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 李智丽(1971-),女,辽宁省盘锦市人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事金属材料热处理及失效分析工作。

Cause Analysis on Fluctuation of Impact Energy for Q690 Steel Plate with Large Thickness
Zhi-li Li, Hong-xia Liu, Yan Jin, Ya-qiong Bai, Sha-sha Kou
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25
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文章针对80 mm大厚度规格Q690钢板冲击功波动情况进行了分析,在实验室开展了钢板厚度不同位置试样的低温冲击试验,并利用扫描电镜和金相显微镜对钢板厚度不同位置冲击试验的断口及显微组织进行了对比分析。钢板厚度不同位置的冲击功差异较大,从心部的14.9 J,到四分之一部位的27.2 J再到近表面的95.4 J,对应的显微组织心部为粗大的回火贝氏体加少量具有马氏体位向的回火索氏体组织,四分之一部位为具有马氏体位向的回火索氏体加回火贝氏体组织,近表面部位为细小的具有马氏体位向的回火索氏体组织。分析结果表明,冲击功波动的主要原因是显微组织和晶粒度的差异,试验表明显微组织中的贝氏体比例越高、晶粒越大则对应的冲击功越低。结合Q690钢的CCT曲线,分析判断由于Q690钢板厚度规格较大,在淬火过程中的冷却不充分导致钢板的四分之一部位至心部的冷却速度不够,淬火后不能获得全部的马氏体组织,板厚度方向的显微组织不均匀,特别是在板厚的四分之一部位和心部出现不同比例的贝氏体组织,因此导致冲击功波动。通过优化现场的调质工艺,大厚度规格Q690钢板的显微组织均匀性得到改善,使冲击功及其稳定性得到了提高。

Q690钢板  /  冲击功  /  显微组织  /  CCT曲线

In this paper, the fluctuation of impact energy for Q690 steel plate with large thickness of 80 mm are analyzed. The low temperature impact tests of samples taken from different positions of plate thickness are carried out as well as their fracture and microstructure are compared and analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and metallographic microscope. The differences of impact energy at different positions of plate thickness are great, which are 14.9 J in the center, 27.2 J at the quarter part and 95.4 J near the surface. The corresponding microstructures are coarse tempered bainite and a small amount of tempered sorbite structure with orientation of martensite in the center, tempered sorbite and bainite structures with orientation of martensite at the quarter part as well as fine tempered sorbite structure with orientation of martensite near the surface. The analysis results showed that the main cause for fluctuation of impact energy was the differences of microstructure and grain size. The experiment showed that the higher the proportion of bainite in microstructure, the larger the grain size and the lower the corresponding impact energy. Based on the CCT(continuous cooling transformation) curves of Q690 steel, it is analyzed and judged that insufficient cooling during quenching process causes insufficient cooling speed from the quarter part to the center of steel plate due to the larger thickness specification of Q690 steel plate so that the whole martensitic structure could not be obtained after quenching, microstructure in the direction of plate thickness is uneven, especially different proportions of bainite structure appear at the quarter part and in the center of plate thickness, which cause the fluctuation of impact energy. The uniformity of microstructure for Q690 steel plate with large thickness specification is improved so that the impact energy and its stability are improved by optimizing on-site quenching and tempering process.

Q690 steel plate  /  impact energy  /  microstructure  /  CCT curve
李智丽, 刘洪霞, 靳燕, 白雅琼, 寇沙沙. 大厚度Q690钢板冲击功波动原因分析. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (4) : 85 -88 .
Zhi-li Li, Hong-xia Liu, Yan Jin, Ya-qiong Bai, Sha-sha Kou. Cause Analysis on Fluctuation of Impact Energy for Q690 Steel Plate with Large Thickness[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (4) : 85 -88 .
随着国内大型工程的蓬勃发展,Q690高强钢在工程机械、矿山开采、起重矿车、海洋平台等方面得到了广泛应用[1]。由于工程机械用钢是在露天作业、载重、往复循环式变形、低温等等复杂环境下使用,尤其还要服役于极寒环境下,因此要求所使用的钢材原料除具备一般要求的力学性能指标外,还需具备良好的低温韧性,即-20 ℃温度下的冲击功不小于47 J[2]。通常钢板厚度小于40 mm的高强钢采用TMCP工艺生产,厚度大于40 mm的则采用TMCP+回火工艺或者调质工艺生产[3]。由于厚度大、强度高,压缩比又受到限制,通过TMCP工艺来调节组织、性能受到一定限制,即使是调质状态交货的大厚度规格的高强钢也容易出现低温冲击韧性不合的现象。某钢厂生产的调质态80 mm大厚度规格Q690钢板,按照用户使用要求在钢板厚度的四分之一部位取样做纵向冲击试验时,出现了冲击功波动较大,有不合格的情况,本文针对该情况开展了试验研究及检测分析。
试验材料选取某厂生产的厚度为80 mm的Q690调质钢板,其化学成分如表1所示,符合GB/T 16270—2009《高强度结构用调质钢板》。试验钢的生产工艺流程为:铁水预处理→210 t顶底复吹转炉冶炼→LF炉精炼→RH真空脱气→板坯连铸→下线缓冷→板坯再加热→高压水除鳞→粗轧→精轧→ACC冷却→矫直→空冷→调质→探伤→入库。
在80 mm厚Q690钢板厚度的不同位置取纵向冲击试样,见图1。将冲击试样加工成10 mm×10 mm×55 mm,开V形缺口,并在NI750冲击试验机上进行-20 ℃冲击试验,采用SIGMA 500型扫描电镜对冲击断口进行观察。取不同冲击试样以及全厚度的试样制成金相检测样,在光学显微镜下观察全厚度方向不同位置的显微组织。
图1所示在80 mm厚Q690钢板厚度的不同位置取纵向冲击试样,并在NI750冲击试验机上进行-20 ℃冲击试验,冲击功见表2。冲击功在不同取样位置的变化情况见图2。试验钢在-20 ℃冲击试验后心部的平均冲击功最低,为16.8 J;上下四分之一位置的平均值分别为49.5 J和58.1 J,虽然平均值大于47 J,但是单个值都有不合格情况,且波动较大。从常理来看,调质后的试验钢其外表面部位的冲击功应该较高,但试验结果异常,特别是上表面的平均冲击功为28.6 J,同样上、下表面部位的冲击功波动也较大。
对板厚不同位置试样的冲击断口进行了扫描电镜观察,在500倍下的断口形貌见图3。其中图3(a)为上表面试样的冲击断口,冲击功为18.9 J,其断口形貌为粗大且平直的解理形貌并伴有二次裂纹;图3(b)为上板厚四分之一部位试样的冲击断口,冲击功为54.6 J,其断口形貌为稍弯曲的准解理形貌;图3(c)为板心部试样的冲击断口,冲击功为14.9 J,其断口形貌为较粗大的解理形貌;图3(d)为下板厚四分之一试样的冲击断口,冲击功为45.6 J,其断口形貌为准解理形貌;图3(e)为下表面试样的冲击断口,冲击功为57.3 J,其断口形貌为稍弯曲的准解理形貌。从断口对比来看,冲击功接近的图3(a)和(b)断口上的解理片都具有粗大的特征,但形貌略有差异;图3(b)、(e)的冲击功也接近,断口形貌相似;图3(d)断口的解理片略大于图3(b)、(e),相比较也较平直。
为进一步分析冲击功波动的原因,分别将不同冲击功的断口试样以及板全厚度的试样制成金相样品,抛光后用4%的硝酸酒精溶液侵蚀后在显微镜下进行金相组织分析,板厚不同位置500倍的显微组织见图4。观察到板上、下半部的显微组织近似对称,大致可分为以下几个组织区域,从表面到心部依次为:从表面向内约2 mm厚度范围为细小的回火马氏体组织;近表层为非常粗大的回火马氏体组织,该区域位于距表面2~8 mm范围,观察到不同试样该区域的范围有差异,在冲击合格的钢板试样观察不到该区域;四分之一部位为过渡区,由细小的回火马氏体组织和向内逐渐增多变粗的回火贝氏体组织构成;心部则由较粗大的回火贝氏体组织和少量回火马氏体组织构成。对不同冲击功的断口试样进行观察,对比了取样部位在钢板近表面区域的冲击功高和冲击功低的试样,冲击功高的试样显微镜下观察全部为细小的回火马氏体组织,如图4(a)所示,而冲击功低的试样显微镜下观察约有一半面积为细小的回火马氏体组织,另一半为粗大的回火马氏体组织,如图4(a)和(b)所示;对比了取样部位在板厚四分之一部位的冲击试样的断口显微组织,其显微组织为回火马氏体组织加回火贝氏体组织,如图4(c)和(d),观察到随着显微组织中回火贝氏体组织的增多,对应的冲击功降低;心部冲击试样的冲击功较低,其断口显微组织与图4(e)相似,为粗大的贝氏体加少量回火马氏体组织。显微组织分析结果表明,冲击功与对应的显微组织以及晶粒大小密切相关,粗大的回火马氏体组织以及增多的回火贝氏体组织比例都使低温冲击功降低。
通过对80 mm大厚度规格钢板进行的冲击试验及显微组织分析,说明了冲击功的波动是显微组织状态引起的,而从该钢板的生产工艺分析,显微组织状态则是受到调质热处理的淬火工艺和回火工艺两方面的控制。首先分析钢板的淬火工艺,从钢板厚度四分之一位置的显微组织为回火马氏体+回火贝氏体组织来看,说明钢板在淬火时至少在钢板的四分之一部位没有完全淬透。调取该Q690钢的CCT曲线测试结果,Ac1=686 ℃,Ac3=862 ℃,Ms=453 ℃。在冷速大于20 ℃/s时生成马氏体组织;冷速在20 ℃/s到10 ℃/s之间,生成马氏体+少量贝氏体组织;冷速在10 ℃/s到3 ℃/s范围内得到贝氏体组织+少量马氏体组织;冷速小于3 ℃/s时,组织中则会出现铁素体+珠光体组织[4]。该钢种的淬火温度应该在910 ℃以上,保证钢板加热能够完全奥氏体化[5-6],同时现场生产时适当降低淬火辊速,增加钢板在淬火过程中的热交换能力,防止钢板返温区温度过高,有利于促进钢板四分之一部位的马氏体转变。从全断面的显微组织分析,高温回火后显微组织仍然是回火马氏体组织,碳化物析出不充分,正常的显微组织应该是具有马氏体位向的回火索氏体组织,因此适当提高回火温度或延长回火时间,并采取回火后快冷避开回火脆性区等措施能够进一步提高钢板的冲击韧性[7-8]。通过优化现场的调质工艺,大厚度规格Q690钢板的显微组织均匀性得到改善,使冲击功及其稳定性得到了提高。
(1)钢板的冲击功波动与对应的显微组织以及晶粒大小密切相关,粗大的回火马氏体组织以及增多的回火贝氏体组织是使低温冲击功降低的主要原因。
(2)通过优化现场的调质工艺,80 mm大厚度规格Q690钢板的显微组织均匀性得到了改善,冲击功及其稳定性得到了提高。
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  • 接收时间:2024-06-01
  • 首发时间:2025-10-24
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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