Article(id=1188430996178350493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188430994622268045, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)04-0060-07, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717171200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761273629469, onlineDateStr=2025-10-24, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761273629469, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761273629469, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761273629469, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1188430994622268045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761273629097, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761283356674, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1188471795062555053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188430994622268045, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1188471795062555054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188430994622268045, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=60, endPage=66, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1188430996346122658, articleId=1188430996178350493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Thermodynamic Analysis of Rare Earth Ce on Formation of TiN Inclusions in BT700L Steel, columnId=null, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The automobile beam steel is mainly used for such structural components as longitudinal beam, lining beam and cross beam on the chassis of heavy truck, so its comprehensive performances are vital to the driving safety and service life of the whole vehicle. The TiN inclusions with large size seriously harm the processability and usability of BT700L steel, while the amount and morphology of inclusions in steel as well as low-temperature impact and corrosion resistance of steel could be improved by rare earth. In the paper, the effects of rare earth Ce on formation of TiN inclusions in BT700L steel are studied based on the industrial tests and thermodynamic calculations. The study results showed that pure TiN inclusions and composite inclusions of Al-O+TiN were mainly formed in the BT700L steel without Ce, while pure TiN inclusions and composite inclusions of Ce-Al-O(-S-Ca)+TiN were mainly formed in the BT700L steel with Ce. The results of thermodynamic calculations showed that precipitation temperature of TiN inclusions could be decreased with the increase of Ce content in BT700L steel so that the precipitation of TiN inclusions was restrained. Such methods as reducing contents of nitrogen and titanium in steel as well as increasing solidification rate could be taken to decrease the sizes of TiN inclusions.

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汽车大梁钢主要用作重卡汽车底盘上的纵梁、衬梁、横梁等结构件,钢的综合性能对整车的行驶安全和使用寿命至关重要。大尺寸的TiN夹杂物严重危害BT700L钢的加工和使用性能,而稀土能够改善钢中夹杂物数量、形态,提高钢的低温冲击、耐腐蚀性能等。文章基于工业试验和热力学计算,研究了稀土Ce对BT700L钢中TiN夹杂物形成的影响。研究结果表明,不加Ce的BT700L钢中形成的主要是纯TiN夹杂物和复合Al-O+TiN夹杂物,而加Ce后BT700L钢中形成的主要是纯TiN夹杂物和复合Ce-Al-O(-S-Ca)+TiN夹杂物。热力学计算结果表明BT700L钢中随Ce含量增加,TiN夹杂物的析出温度会降低,从而抑制了TiN夹杂物的析出。可采取降低钢中氮和钛含量、增大凝固速率等方式降低TiN夹杂物的尺寸。

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吴 伟(1971-),男,辽宁省本溪市人,博士,正高级工程师,现从事稀土钢冶炼工艺方面研发工作。

, authorsList=史超, 刘锦文)}, authors=[Author(id=1189619248830886135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188430996178350493, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1189619248918966522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188430996178350493, authorId=1189619248830886135, language=EN, stringName=Chao Shi, firstName=Chao, middleName=null, lastName=Shi, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
2. Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1189619248998658299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188430996178350493, authorId=1189619248830886135, language=CN, stringName=史超, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.内蒙古科技大学稀土产业学院, 内蒙古 包头 014010
2.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010, bio={"content":"

吴 伟(1971-),男,辽宁省本溪市人,博士,正高级工程师,现从事稀土钢冶炼工艺方面研发工作。

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吴 伟(1971-),男,辽宁省本溪市人,博士,正高级工程师,现从事稀土钢冶炼工艺方面研发工作。

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Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland,2024:1040-1051., articleTitle=Effect of RE Content on TiN Inclusions Formation in P110-grade Casing Steel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189619253427843368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188430996178350493, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=7, issue=11, pageStart=460, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=You D, Michelic S K, Presoly P, journalName=Metals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=You D, Michelic S K, Presoly P, et al. Modeling Inclusion Formation during Solidification of Steel:A Review[J]. Metals, 2017, 7(11):460., articleTitle=Modeling Inclusion Formation during Solidification of Steel:A Review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1189619253511729449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188430996178350493, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1989, volume=20, issue=10, pageStart=1907, pageEnd=1915, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Liu W J, Yue S, Jonas J J, journalName=Metallurgical Transactions A, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu W J, Yue S, Jonas J J. Characterization of Ti Carbosulfide Precipitation in Ti Microalloyed Steels[J]. 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方案 C Si Mn P S Nb Als Ti Ca N T.O Ce
A 0.07 0.07 1.66 0.008 0.002 0.048 0.032 0.074 0.001 1 0.003 3 0.001 8 0
B 0.07 0.07 1.47 0.013 0.002 0.030 0.033 0.083 0.000 8 0.005 5 0.000 5 0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1189619251834007830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188430996178350493, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

铸坯的化学成分(质量分数) %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案 C Si Mn P S Nb Als Ti Ca N T.O Ce
A 0.07 0.07 1.66 0.008 0.002 0.048 0.032 0.074 0.001 1 0.003 3 0.001 8 0
B 0.07 0.07 1.47 0.013 0.002 0.030 0.033 0.083 0.000 8 0.005 5 0.000 5 0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1189619251917893911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188430996178350493, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
${e}_{i}^{j}$ C Si Mn P Al N Ti O S Ce Ca
Ti -0.165 0.05 0.004 3 -0.006 4 0.004 -1.8 0.013 -1.8 -0.11 -1.23 -0.157
N 0.13 0.047 -0.021 0.045 -0.028 0 -0.53 0.05 0.007
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组元间一阶相互作用系数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
${e}_{i}^{j}$ C Si Mn P Al N Ti O S Ce Ca
Ti -0.165 0.05 0.004 3 -0.006 4 0.004 -1.8 0.013 -1.8 -0.11 -1.23 -0.157
N 0.13 0.047 -0.021 0.045 -0.028 0 -0.53 0.05 0.007
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元素 k Ds/(cm2·s-1)
Ti 0.30[5] 0.15e-250 000/RT[15]
N 0.48[5] 0.91e-168 000/RT[16]
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Ti、N的扩散系数与平衡分配系数

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元素 k Ds/(cm2·s-1)
Ti 0.30[5] 0.15e-250 000/RT[15]
N 0.48[5] 0.91e-168 000/RT[16]
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稀土Ce对BT700L钢中TiN夹杂物形成的热力学分析
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史超 1, 2 , 刘锦文 3
包钢科技 | 2024,50(4): 60-66
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稀土Ce对BT700L钢中TiN夹杂物形成的热力学分析
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史超1, 2, 刘锦文3
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古科技大学稀土产业学院, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 3.北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院, 北京 100083
  • 吴 伟(1971-),男,辽宁省本溪市人,博士,正高级工程师,现从事稀土钢冶炼工艺方面研发工作。

Thermodynamic Analysis of Rare Earth Ce on Formation of TiN Inclusions in BT700L Steel
Chao Shi1, 2, Jin-wen Liu3
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2. Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 3. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25
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汽车大梁钢主要用作重卡汽车底盘上的纵梁、衬梁、横梁等结构件,钢的综合性能对整车的行驶安全和使用寿命至关重要。大尺寸的TiN夹杂物严重危害BT700L钢的加工和使用性能,而稀土能够改善钢中夹杂物数量、形态,提高钢的低温冲击、耐腐蚀性能等。文章基于工业试验和热力学计算,研究了稀土Ce对BT700L钢中TiN夹杂物形成的影响。研究结果表明,不加Ce的BT700L钢中形成的主要是纯TiN夹杂物和复合Al-O+TiN夹杂物,而加Ce后BT700L钢中形成的主要是纯TiN夹杂物和复合Ce-Al-O(-S-Ca)+TiN夹杂物。热力学计算结果表明BT700L钢中随Ce含量增加,TiN夹杂物的析出温度会降低,从而抑制了TiN夹杂物的析出。可采取降低钢中氮和钛含量、增大凝固速率等方式降低TiN夹杂物的尺寸。

BT700L钢  /  稀土Ce  /  TiN  /  夹杂物

The automobile beam steel is mainly used for such structural components as longitudinal beam, lining beam and cross beam on the chassis of heavy truck, so its comprehensive performances are vital to the driving safety and service life of the whole vehicle. The TiN inclusions with large size seriously harm the processability and usability of BT700L steel, while the amount and morphology of inclusions in steel as well as low-temperature impact and corrosion resistance of steel could be improved by rare earth. In the paper, the effects of rare earth Ce on formation of TiN inclusions in BT700L steel are studied based on the industrial tests and thermodynamic calculations. The study results showed that pure TiN inclusions and composite inclusions of Al-O+TiN were mainly formed in the BT700L steel without Ce, while pure TiN inclusions and composite inclusions of Ce-Al-O(-S-Ca)+TiN were mainly formed in the BT700L steel with Ce. The results of thermodynamic calculations showed that precipitation temperature of TiN inclusions could be decreased with the increase of Ce content in BT700L steel so that the precipitation of TiN inclusions was restrained. Such methods as reducing contents of nitrogen and titanium in steel as well as increasing solidification rate could be taken to decrease the sizes of TiN inclusions.

BT700L steel  /  rare earth Ce  /  TiN  /  inclusions
史超, 刘锦文. 稀土Ce对BT700L钢中TiN夹杂物形成的热力学分析. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (4) : 60 -66 .
Chao Shi, Jin-wen Liu. Thermodynamic Analysis of Rare Earth Ce on Formation of TiN Inclusions in BT700L Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (4) : 60 -66 .
汽车大梁钢主要用作重卡汽车底盘上的纵梁、衬梁、横梁以及前后车桥等结构件,这些部件在汽车行驶过程中几乎承载了货物的全部重量,其综合性能对整车的行驶安全和使用寿命至关重要[1]。国内外生产汽车大梁板主要采用中厚连铸板坯及热连轧方式,工艺设计采用降低碳含量并加钒、铌、钛等合金的路线,选用不同的控轧控冷工艺来保证钢的强度和成形性能的有效匹配。TiN夹杂物是具有尖利棱角的刚性夹杂物,还具有高熔点和高硬度的特性,大尺寸、低塑性的TiN夹杂物会对材料的性能和表面质量等产生不利影响[2]。当汽车大梁钢中存在大尺寸TiN夹杂物时,将严重危害钢的综合性能。
众多研究[3-6]表明,TiN通常是在凝固过程中析出,高温钢水中Ti和N的溶解度较高,一般不会形成TiN,但凝固过程中随着钢水的温度下降,当TiN的活度积超过其饱和活度积时就会以TiN形式析出。稀土具有调控钢中夹杂物特性的能力。栗宏伟等[7]研究表明稀土铈虽然不能变性TiN夹杂物,但铈可以通过将Al2O3夹杂物变质为球状的CeAlO3夹杂物的方式来缩小TiN的形核核心,从而减小含钛复合夹杂物的尺寸。张阳阳等[8]研究表明随着钢中稀土含量的增加,在晶界析出的稀土夹杂物数量不断增加,从而抑制了TiC和Ti(C,N)在晶界的连续析出。为合理控制TiN夹杂物的析出与长大,应控制原料中的Ti和N的含量[9-10],同时还需要制定合理的冷却工艺[4,5,11-12]
本文以BT700L钢为代表钢种,研究了RH工艺加稀土对钢坯中TiN夹杂物形成的影响。
取工业试验的两炉钢做对比,生产流程为:KR脱硫→转炉冶炼→LF精炼→RH真空处理→板坯连铸→轧制。其中一炉不加稀土,命名为方案A;另一炉在RH加0.002 3%的含30%Ce的铈铁合金,命名为方案B。在两炉次的铸坯(A和B)上分别取样,采用电感耦合等离子光谱仪(ICP)检测钢的Ce含量,用氧氮氢分析仪测定T.O和N含量,其他元素含量采用光谱直读仪检测。另外,在两个铸坯的宽度中心、厚度内弧侧1/4位置分别切取10 mm×10 mm×8 mm的金相样品,磨抛后用Phenom Pro扫描电镜并结合相应的EDS能谱仪观察TiN夹杂物形貌和检测其成分。
两方案铸坯的化学成分见表1,可以看出两炉钢成分接近,生产工艺控制稳定。
方案A中的典型TiN夹杂物主要包含两种类型,一种是纯TiN夹杂物,如图1(a)所示;一种是以Al2O3为核心,外层附着TiN的复合夹杂物,如图1(b)所示。该钢通过铝脱氧、钙处理工艺生产,在钢液中会形成Al(-Ca)-O型夹杂物,凝固冷却过程中TiN会以此为形核核心析出并附着在其周围而形成复合TiN夹杂物。
方案B中的典型TiN夹杂物主要包含两种类型,一种是纯TiN夹杂物,如图2(a)所示;一种是以Ce-Al-O(-S-Ca)为核心,外层附着TiN的复合夹杂物,如图2(b)所示。钢中加Ce后会形成Ce-Al-O(-S-Ca)型夹杂物,凝固冷却过程中TiN会以这些夹杂物为形核中心析出并附着在其周围而形成复合TiN夹杂物。
钢液中形成TiN的反应式如下:
[Ti]+[N]=TiN(s)
ΔGθ=-291 000+107.91 T
K= $\frac{{a}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{N}}}{{a}_{\left[\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}\right]}·{a}_{\left[\mathrm{N}\right]}}$= $\frac{1}{{f}_{\left[\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}\right]}·\omega \left(\right[\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}\left]\right)·{f}_{\left[\mathrm{N}\right]}·\omega \left(\right[\mathrm{N}\left]\right)}$
lgfi=∑ ${e}_{i}^{j}$·ω([j])
式中:ΔGθ为TiN夹杂物吉布斯生成自由能;T为反应时的温度;K为平衡常数;aTiNa[Ti]a[N]分别为TiN、[Ti]和[N]的活度;f[Ti]f[N]为钛和氮元素的活度系数;ω([Ti])和ω([N])为钛和氮在钢中的质量分数; ${e}_{i}^{j}$为一阶相互作用系数(如表2所示);ω([j])为组元j的质量分数;i,j为组元ij
将式(2)取以10为底的对数:
lgK=-[lgf[Ti]+lgf[N]+lgω([Ti])+lgω([N])]
经计算,方案A的lgf[Ti]的值为-0.009 445 9,lgf[N]的值为-0.062 122;方案B的lgf[Ti]的值为-0.017 276 8,lgf[N]的值为-0.041 77。
反应平衡常数K也可表示为:
lgK=- $\frac{\mathrm{\Delta }{G}^{\mathrm{\theta }}}{2.303\mathrm{ }RT}$= $\frac{15\mathrm{ }098.09}{T}$-5.635 8
由(4)、(5)式可得
lgf[Ni]+lgf[N]+lgω([Ti])+lgω([N])= $\frac{15\mathrm{ }098.09}{T}$+5.635 8
依上式可计算出不同稀土含量下TiN的析出温度如图3所示。结果表明,随着稀土含量的提高,TiN的析出温度降低,这也意味着提高钢中Ce含量将抑制TiN夹杂物的析出,这与Liu等[13]的研究结果相一致。
将式(6)进一步整理可得:
方案A无Ce:
lg[ω([Ti])·ω([N])]=- $\frac{15\mathrm{ }098.09}{T}$+5.707 4
方案B含Ce:
lg[ω([Ti])·ω([N])]=- $\frac{15\mathrm{ }098.09}{T}$+5.694 8
则方案A和B不同温度下的N-Ti平衡曲线如图4所示,实际检测到的Ti和N含量如图中红点所示,由于两组试验中的Ti和N含量差异较大,因此其析出温度存在较大的差异。
随着凝固的不断进行,Ti和N元素在液相中不断富集,形成其在凝固前沿的选分结晶,从而产生偏析并导致TiN析出,此时,凝固前沿Ti、N含量与凝固分数fs的关系式为[12,14]:
ω([Ti])L=ω([Ti])0·(1-fs ${)}^{{k}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}}-1}$
ω([N])L= $\frac{\omega ({\left[\mathrm{N}\right])}_{0}}{1-(1-{k}_{\mathrm{N}})·{f}_{\mathrm{s}}}$
式中:ω([Ti])Lω([N])L分别表示凝固前沿Ti、N的质量分数,%;ω([Ti])0ω([N])0分别为初始条件下Ti、N的质量分数,%;kTikN分别为Ti、N的平衡分配系数(如表3所示);fs为凝固分数。
则在钢液凝固前沿中的实际钛氮浓度积QTiN与凝固分数的关系可表示为:
QTiN=ω([Ti])L·ω([N])L= $\frac{\omega ({\left[\mathrm{N}\right])}_{0}·\omega ({\left[\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}\right])}_{0}·(1-{f}_{\mathrm{s}}{)}^{{k}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}}-1}}{1-(1-{k}_{\mathrm{N}})·{f}_{\mathrm{s}}}$
凝固前沿温度T可用下式表示[12]:
T=TFe- $\frac{{T}_{\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e}}-{T}_{\mathrm{l}}}{1-{f}_{\mathrm{s}}·({T}_{\mathrm{l}}-{T}_{\mathrm{s}})/({T}_{\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e}}-{T}_{\mathrm{s}})}$
式中:TFeTlTs分别为纯铁熔化温度、BT700L钢液相线温度、BT700L钢液固相线温度,方案A的值分别为1 809 K、1 792.6 K和1 775 K,方案B的值分别为1 809 K、1 797.9 K和1 784.5 K
Tl=1 536+273-{78ω([C])+7.6ω([Si])+4.9ω([Mn])+1.3ω([Cr])+34.4ω([P])+38ω([S])+3.6ω([Al])+20ω([Ti])+90ω([N])}
Ts=1 536+273-{184.3([C])+3.4ω([Si])+8.6ω([Mn])+3.4ω([Cr])+76.7ω([P])+76.7ω([S])+7.8ω([Al])+40ω([Ti])}
将数据带入式(11),可得到实际钛氮浓度积QTiNfs的关系,将式(12)带入式(7)、(8)、(9),可得到理论钛氮浓度积KTiNfs的关系,如图5所示。lgKTiN与lgQTiN的交点即为在各自确定浓度下的凝固分数,其值分别为:fs(A)=0.831,fs(B)=0.721,这也意味着TiN析出是在固液两相区靠近凝固时的位置。
根据确定的Ti、N化学成分计算TiN夹杂物在钢中凝固前沿的理论析出尺寸r,可表示为[4,12]:
r $\frac{\mathrm{d}r}{\mathrm{d}t}$= $\frac{{M}_{\mathrm{s}}}{100{M}_{\mathrm{m}}}$· $\frac{{\rho }_{\mathrm{m}}}{{\rho }_{\mathrm{s}}}$·DN·[ω([N])L-ω([N])e)]
对上式积分可得:
r= $\sqrt{\frac{{M}_{\mathrm{s}}}{50{M}_{\mathrm{m}}}·\frac{{\rho }_{\mathrm{m}}}{{\rho }_{\mathrm{s}}}·{D}_{\mathrm{N}}·\left[\omega \right({\left[\mathrm{N}\right])}_{\mathrm{L}}-\omega \left({\left[\mathrm{N}\right])}_{\mathrm{e}}\right]·\tau }$
τ= $\frac{{T}_{\mathrm{l}}-{T}_{\mathrm{s}}}{{R}_{\mathrm{c}}}$
式中:r为夹杂物颗粒半径,cm;MsTiN的摩尔质量,62 g/mol;MmFe的摩尔质量,56 g/mol;ρm为钢液的密度,7.07 g/cm3;ρsTiN的密度,5.43 g/cm3;DN为钢中N元素的扩散系数(因TiN夹杂物析出时的fs接近1,故选择Ds代替DN),cm2/s;ω([N])Lω([N])e分别为凝固前沿以及平衡时N的质量分数,可根据式(10)和(7)、(8)、(9)计算得到;τ为凝固前沿局域冷却时间,s;Rc为冷却速率,K/s
计算在冷却速率为0.5 K/s、1 K/s、5 K/s、10 K/s时,方案A和方案B中TiN夹杂物尺寸与fs的关系,结果如图6所示。由图6分析可知,方案A的TiN析出凝固分数大于方案B,这和两组方案中的氮钛浓度积有关,即降低钢中的氮钛浓度有助于抑制TiN夹杂物的析出。
相同局部凝固速率下,随着凝固分数增加,TiN析出尺寸增大,因为在较低凝固分数下析出的TiN颗粒在逐渐长大,并在析出之后继续生长;相同凝固分数下,随着局部凝固速率增加,TiN析出尺寸降低,在局部凝固速率为10 K/s、凝固分数趋近于1时,析出的TiN尺寸最小;在局部凝固速率为0.5 K/s时,TiN析出的尺寸最大。当局部凝固速率在0.5~10 K/s范围内变化时,钢液完全凝固后方案A的TiN夹杂物尺寸半径范围为7.06~31.60 μm,方案B的TiN夹杂物尺寸半径范围为8.08~36.13 μm。由于钢中Ti含量高,且是理想化计算,未考虑TiN分散析出和TiC析出的影响,因此计算得到的TiN尺寸偏大。实际生产中可借鉴以上数据计算趋势,采取降低氮钛浓度积、增大凝固速率等方式降低TiN夹杂物的最终尺寸。
(1)不加Ce的BT700L钢中形成的主要是纯TiN夹杂物和复合Al-O+TiN夹杂物,而加Ce后BT700L钢中形成的主要是纯TiN夹杂物和复合Ce-Al-O(-S-Ca)+TiN夹杂物。
(2)热力学计算结果表明钢中随Ce含量增加,BT700L钢中TiN夹杂物的析出温度降低,从而抑制了TiN夹杂物的析出。
(3)可采取降低氮钛浓度积、增大凝固速率等方式降低TiN夹杂物的最终尺寸。
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  • 接收时间:2024-06-01
  • 首发时间:2025-10-24
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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    1.内蒙古科技大学稀土产业学院, 内蒙古 包头 014010
    2.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
    3.北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院, 北京 100083
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