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Article(id=1188423627868357551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188423621174244026, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)03-0022-06, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713369600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761271872726, onlineDateStr=2025-10-24, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761271872726, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761271872726, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761271872726, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1188423621174244026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761271871131, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761283363050, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1188471821818015773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188423621174244026, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1188471821818015774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188423621174244026, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=22, endPage=27, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1188423628052906929, articleId=1188423627868357551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Development and Applications of Optimized Coal Blending System for Coal Injection of Blast Furnace, columnId=1188423622092796608, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Mlanagement, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The optimized coal blending system for coal injection is independently developed based on considering the physicochemical characteristics, safety performance and processing property of coal injection aiming at the problems in process of optimizing coal blending for coal injection of blast furnace. The coal blending scheme with cost optimization satisfied the constraint conditions of production demands is calculated by adopting the hybrid programming technology of VB+EXCELVBA, invoking such algorithms as plan solution and multiple linear regression as well as taking ACCESS as background database. The production applications show that the system model plays an important role in reducing costs and stabilizing quality for coal injection of blast furnace.

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针对高炉喷吹煤在优化配煤过程中出现的问题,在考虑喷吹煤粉物化特性、安全性能、工艺性能的基础上,自主开发了喷吹煤优化配煤系统。以ACCESS作为后台数据库,应用VB+EXCELVBA混合编程技术调用规划求解、多元线性回归等算法,测算出满足生产需求约束条件下成本最优的配煤方案。生产应用表明,该系统模型在降低高炉喷吹煤成本、稳定喷吹煤质量等方面都发挥了重要作用。

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何晓义(1973-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事配煤配矿研究工作。

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何晓义(1973-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事配煤配矿研究工作。

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何晓义(1973-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事配煤配矿研究工作。

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NLMK高炉喷吹煤粉优化搭配[J]. 中国冶金, 2021, 31(12):73-77., articleTitle=NLMK高炉喷吹煤粉优化搭配, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1188423715898409027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188423627868357551, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=黎均红, journalName=重钢高炉喷煤优化与实践研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黎均红. 重钢高炉喷煤优化与实践研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1188423715961323588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188423627868357551, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=33, issue=1, pageStart=73, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=杨永坤, journalName=价值工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨永坤. 煤的工业分析过程及意义研究[J]. 价值工程, 2014, 33(1):73-77., articleTitle=煤的工业分析过程及意义研究, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1188423712874315778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188423627868357551, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1188423712878510083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188423627868357551, companyId=1188423712874315778, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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煤种 品名 Mt/% Ad/% Vdaf/% Qnet,ar/(MJ·kg-1) Fcd/%
无烟煤 SJJT 9.10 8.97 10.68 30.94 80.35
无烟煤 SXLY 7.42 10.37 7.39 30.02 79.17
无烟煤 NXMY 8.70 8.19 11.24 25.74 80.57
无烟煤 YQMY 8.50 10.90 15.33 27.70 73.77
无烟煤 NXMY4 8.10 9.06 13.86 32.40 77.08
无烟煤 JNKG 8.70 9.94 12.47 31.59 77.59
无烟煤 JZNY 9.00 13.40 10.41 30.97 76.19
无烟煤 BGKY 9.32 11.21 9.62 27.71 80.23
烟煤 YKNY 16.60 6.72 33.70 23.80 58.07
烟煤 HHJM 21.60 6.53 37.40 21.90 56.42
烟煤 NXYM 18.30 6.21 27.70 23.10 63.17
烟煤 LAXJ 12.10 10.24 30.80 24.40 60.11
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喷吹煤粉工业分析

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煤种 品名 Mt/% Ad/% Vdaf/% Qnet,ar/(MJ·kg-1) Fcd/%
无烟煤 SJJT 9.10 8.97 10.68 30.94 80.35
无烟煤 SXLY 7.42 10.37 7.39 30.02 79.17
无烟煤 NXMY 8.70 8.19 11.24 25.74 80.57
无烟煤 YQMY 8.50 10.90 15.33 27.70 73.77
无烟煤 NXMY4 8.10 9.06 13.86 32.40 77.08
无烟煤 JNKG 8.70 9.94 12.47 31.59 77.59
无烟煤 JZNY 9.00 13.40 10.41 30.97 76.19
无烟煤 BGKY 9.32 11.21 9.62 27.71 80.23
烟煤 YKNY 16.60 6.72 33.70 23.80 58.07
烟煤 HHJM 21.60 6.53 37.40 21.90 56.42
烟煤 NXYM 18.30 6.21 27.70 23.10 63.17
烟煤 LAXJ 12.10 10.24 30.80 24.40 60.11
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煤种 品名 C H O N S K Na P
无烟煤 SJJT 76.94 5.30 6.70 0.95 1.14 0.019 0.017 0.016
无烟煤 SXLY 79.89 3.11 3.29 1.20 0.81 0.021 0.025 0.050
无烟煤 NXMY 66.44 3.25 1.27 0.79 0.06 0.016 0.029 0.003
无烟煤 YQMY 76.60 2.47 8.20 1.09 0.75 0.010 0.076 0.020
无烟煤 NXMY4 86.57 2.95 0.22 0.87 0.33 0.022 0.120 0.034
无烟煤 JNKG 83.17 3.45 1.73 1.42 0.29 0.013 0.140 0.030
无烟煤 JZNY 79.01 3.29 2.48 1.14 0.69
无烟煤 BGKY 78.54 5.24 0.97 0.90 0.99 0.020 0.030 0.007
烟煤 YKNY 68.75 3.76 17.56 0.69 0.42 0.015 0.042 0.033
烟煤 HHJM 66.40 3.69 19.35 0.60 0.37
烟煤 NXYM 66.90 9.16 19.37 0.63 0.40 0.018 0.06 0.007
烟煤 LAXJ 66.70 4.68 18.32 0.70 0.35
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喷吹煤粉元素分析(质量分数) %

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煤种 品名 C H O N S K Na P
无烟煤 SJJT 76.94 5.30 6.70 0.95 1.14 0.019 0.017 0.016
无烟煤 SXLY 79.89 3.11 3.29 1.20 0.81 0.021 0.025 0.050
无烟煤 NXMY 66.44 3.25 1.27 0.79 0.06 0.016 0.029 0.003
无烟煤 YQMY 76.60 2.47 8.20 1.09 0.75 0.010 0.076 0.020
无烟煤 NXMY4 86.57 2.95 0.22 0.87 0.33 0.022 0.120 0.034
无烟煤 JNKG 83.17 3.45 1.73 1.42 0.29 0.013 0.140 0.030
无烟煤 JZNY 79.01 3.29 2.48 1.14 0.69
无烟煤 BGKY 78.54 5.24 0.97 0.90 0.99 0.020 0.030 0.007
烟煤 YKNY 68.75 3.76 17.56 0.69 0.42 0.015 0.042 0.033
烟煤 HHJM 66.40 3.69 19.35 0.60 0.37
烟煤 NXYM 66.90 9.16 19.37 0.63 0.40 0.018 0.06 0.007
烟煤 LAXJ 66.70 4.68 18.32 0.70 0.35
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煤种 品名 着火点/℃ 火焰返回长度 灰熔点 可磨性指数 700 ℃燃烧率 喷流性指数
无烟煤 SJJT 468.3 0 1 399 51 100 74.5
无烟煤 SXLY 422.1 0 1 401 61 100 68.0
无烟煤 NXMY 424.8 0 1 418 99.50 69.0
无烟煤 YQMY 451.0 0 1 395 56 99.82 74.5
无烟煤 NXMY4 451.8 0 1 389 65 99.33 75.0
无烟煤 JNKG 462.9 0 1 375 54 100 70.0
无烟煤 JZNY 0 67
无烟煤 BGKY 453.3 0 1 375 55 100 63.2
烟煤 YKNY 380.0 780 1 179 82 100
烟煤 HHJM 73
烟煤 NXYM 366.4 788 1 169 64 100 73.0
烟煤 LAXJ 60 84.5
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喷吹煤粉安全及工艺性能分析

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煤种 品名 着火点/℃ 火焰返回长度 灰熔点 可磨性指数 700 ℃燃烧率 喷流性指数
无烟煤 SJJT 468.3 0 1 399 51 100 74.5
无烟煤 SXLY 422.1 0 1 401 61 100 68.0
无烟煤 NXMY 424.8 0 1 418 99.50 69.0
无烟煤 YQMY 451.0 0 1 395 56 99.82 74.5
无烟煤 NXMY4 451.8 0 1 389 65 99.33 75.0
无烟煤 JNKG 462.9 0 1 375 54 100 70.0
无烟煤 JZNY 0 67
无烟煤 BGKY 453.3 0 1 375 55 100 63.2
烟煤 YKNY 380.0 780 1 179 82 100
烟煤 HHJM 73
烟煤 NXYM 366.4 788 1 169 64 100 73.0
烟煤 LAXJ 60 84.5
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煤种 单种煤 最新价格/(元·t-1) 可供应量/万t
无
烟
煤		 BGKY 1 260 1.5
JZNY 1 273 0.6
SJJT 1 285 1.5
SXLY 1 290 2.0
SXLA 1 200 2.0
SXHY 1 290 1.0
YQMY 1 290 3.0
JNKG 1 307 2.5~3.0
NXMY 1 310 3.5~4.0
烟
煤		 YKNY 805.9 5.0
HHJM 718.5 4.0
NXYM 876.4 3.0
LAXJ 858.0 2.0
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喷吹煤可采购资源表

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煤种 单种煤 最新价格/(元·t-1) 可供应量/万t
无
烟
煤		 BGKY 1 260 1.5
JZNY 1 273 0.6
SJJT 1 285 1.5
SXLY 1 290 2.0
SXLA 1 200 2.0
SXHY 1 290 1.0
YQMY 1 290 3.0
JNKG 1 307 2.5~3.0
NXMY 1 310 3.5~4.0
烟
煤		 YKNY 805.9 5.0
HHJM 718.5 4.0
NXYM 876.4 3.0
LAXJ 858.0 2.0
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煤种 单种煤 采购价格
/(元·t-1)		 优化前 优化后
配比/% 成本/(元·t-1) 配比/% 成本/(元·t-1)
烟煤 招标烟煤 959 18.9 181.25 0 0
HHJM 706 3.2 22.59 5.8 40.95
LAXJ 858 5.1 43.76 11.4 97.81
NXYM 876 11.5 100.74 10.5 91.98
YKNY 786 8.4 66.02 20.5 161.13
无烟煤 JNKG 1 335 10.4 138.84 7.9 105.47
NXMY 1 310 18.3 239.73 12.2 159.82
YQMY 1 282 3.0 38.46 8.2 105.12
SJJT 1 331 2.5 33.26 4.9 65.22
SXLA 1 200 2.8 33.60 1.2 14.40
SXLY 1 312 10.9 143.01 7.6 99.71
BGKY 1 246 3.6 44.86 7.2 89.71
JZNY 1 263 1.4 17.68 1.2 15.16
SXHY 1 340 1.4 18.76
混合煤 1 103.80 1 065.24
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优化配煤前后方案对比

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煤种 单种煤 采购价格
/(元·t-1)		 优化前 优化后
配比/% 成本/(元·t-1) 配比/% 成本/(元·t-1)
烟煤 招标烟煤 959 18.9 181.25 0 0
HHJM 706 3.2 22.59 5.8 40.95
LAXJ 858 5.1 43.76 11.4 97.81
NXYM 876 11.5 100.74 10.5 91.98
YKNY 786 8.4 66.02 20.5 161.13
无烟煤 JNKG 1 335 10.4 138.84 7.9 105.47
NXMY 1 310 18.3 239.73 12.2 159.82
YQMY 1 282 3.0 38.46 8.2 105.12
SJJT 1 331 2.5 33.26 4.9 65.22
SXLA 1 200 2.8 33.60 1.2 14.40
SXLY 1 312 10.9 143.01 7.6 99.71
BGKY 1 246 3.6 44.86 7.2 89.71
JZNY 1 263 1.4 17.68 1.2 15.16
SXHY 1 340 1.4 18.76
混合煤 1 103.80 1 065.24
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项目 喷吹煤工业分析(质量分数)/% 高炉经济技术指标
Mt Ad Vdaf Fcd 焦比
/(kg·t-1)		 煤比
/(kg·t-1)		 利用系数
/(t·m-3·d-1)		 灰铁比
/(kg·t-1)		 瓦斯灰C含量
/%
优化前 1.52 9.33 18.10 74.25 381.1 173 2.167 10.61 51.1
优化后 1.70 9.87 19.53 72.52 376.8 177 2.187 9.21 47.28
差值 0.18 0.54 1.43 -1.73 -4.3 4 0.020 -1.40 -3.82
), ArticleFig(id=1188423715554476093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188423627868357551, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

优化配煤前后喷吹煤质量及高炉经济技术指标对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 喷吹煤工业分析(质量分数)/% 高炉经济技术指标
Mt Ad Vdaf Fcd 焦比
/(kg·t-1)		 煤比
/(kg·t-1)		 利用系数
/(t·m-3·d-1)		 灰铁比
/(kg·t-1)		 瓦斯灰C含量
/%
优化前 1.52 9.33 18.10 74.25 381.1 173 2.167 10.61 51.1
优化后 1.70 9.87 19.53 72.52 376.8 177 2.187 9.21 47.28
差值 0.18 0.54 1.43 -1.73 -4.3 4 0.020 -1.40 -3.82
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高炉喷吹煤优化配煤系统的开发与应用
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何晓义 1 , 丁坤 2 , 白晓光 3 , 杨帆 3 , 付利俊 1
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2024,50(3): 22-27
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2024, 50(3): 22-27
高炉喷吹煤优化配煤系统的开发与应用
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何晓义1, 丁坤2, 白晓光3, 杨帆3, 付利俊1
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼铁厂, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 3.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010

    • 何晓义(1973-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事配煤配矿研究工作。

Development and Applications of Optimized Coal Blending System for Coal Injection of Blast Furnace
Xiao-yi He1, Kun Ding2, Xiao-guang Bai3, Fan Yang3, Li-jun Fu1
Affiliations
  • 1. Manufacturing Dept. of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2. Iron-making Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 3. Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25
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摘要
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针对高炉喷吹煤在优化配煤过程中出现的问题,在考虑喷吹煤粉物化特性、安全性能、工艺性能的基础上,自主开发了喷吹煤优化配煤系统。以ACCESS作为后台数据库,应用VB+EXCELVBA混合编程技术调用规划求解、多元线性回归等算法,测算出满足生产需求约束条件下成本最优的配煤方案。生产应用表明,该系统模型在降低高炉喷吹煤成本、稳定喷吹煤质量等方面都发挥了重要作用。

喷吹煤  /  优化  /  系统

The optimized coal blending system for coal injection is independently developed based on considering the physicochemical characteristics, safety performance and processing property of coal injection aiming at the problems in process of optimizing coal blending for coal injection of blast furnace. The coal blending scheme with cost optimization satisfied the constraint conditions of production demands is calculated by adopting the hybrid programming technology of VB+EXCELVBA, invoking such algorithms as plan solution and multiple linear regression as well as taking ACCESS as background database. The production applications show that the system model plays an important role in reducing costs and stabilizing quality for coal injection of blast furnace.

coal injection  /  optimize  /  system
何晓义, 丁坤, 白晓光, 杨帆, 付利俊. 高炉喷吹煤优化配煤系统的开发与应用. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (3) : 22 -27 .
Xiao-yi He, Kun Ding, Xiao-guang Bai, Fan Yang, Li-jun Fu. Development and Applications of Optimized Coal Blending System for Coal Injection of Blast Furnace[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (3) : 22 -27 .
正文
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喷吹煤粉工艺是将研磨、混合后的煤粉通过高炉风口喷煤枪以固定压力和流速喷入炉内,在进入风口前端后瞬时燃烧并产生热量,进而起到置换和替代一定量焦炭的作用。随着焦炭资源的日渐匮乏和价格攀升,如何高效地利用好喷吹煤粉与焦炭价差,提高煤焦置换比,实现生铁成本的下降[1-2],是当前业内高炉具备竞争力的必要手段之一。
如何提高喷吹煤粉的经济性,就要结合现有喷吹煤资源进行优化搭配,常规的煤粉检验指标包括发热量、着火点、燃烧性、反应性、流动性、可磨性和爆炸性等。因此,在配煤方案的设计过程中,需要充分考虑煤种的物化特性及其燃烧效果。目前绝大多数喷吹煤粉选用无烟煤+烟煤的搭配形式,烟煤配比越高,其着火温度越低,煤粉燃烧率越高,烟煤配比的增加可以提高高炉内的还原性气氛,为高炉还原铁提供更多的氢元素[3],但是其易燃易爆的特性也带来了安全风险,为此工艺上会选择采用氮气惰化技术等方式进行安全保护,以确保系统的稳定运行。
总体来看,喷吹煤优化配煤技术是一个涵盖了煤种特性、高炉冶炼需求、设备适应性等多因素的系统工程,建立优化配煤系统确定喷吹煤配煤方案是一种有效而科学的方法[4]。技术人员可以根据配煤方案设计和技术实施结果,实现高炉冶炼的高效、稳定运行,为企业带来显著的经济效益[5-7]。
1 优化配煤系统的建立
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优化配煤系统结构由单种煤性质及价格数据库、配煤方案数据库、喷吹煤质量测算模块、配煤寻优设计模块、单种煤性价比评价模块构成。其具体过程可归纳为以下4个步骤:①对各单种煤进行工业分析、元素分析、喷吹性能指标检测分析,建立喷吹用煤数据库;②设定约束条件,即对配合煤工业分析指标、可磨性指数、发热值等关键指标设定上下限;③设定优化配煤目标函数,采用规划求解、线性回归算法建立优化配煤计算模型;④最后应用优化配煤模型进行求解,得出最优的配煤方案。
1.1 单种喷吹煤数据库
对各种煤粉的基础特性、安全特性、工艺特性进行实验室检测分析,由市场及采购部门提供各单种煤的采购价格、资源量,并以之为依据对各单种煤进行评价,为优化配煤方案的制定提供依据。
喷吹煤的基础特性分析包括煤粉的工业分析、元素分析。煤粉的工业分析包括固定碳(Fcd)、水分(Mt)、灰分(Ad)、挥发分(Vdaf)以及硫分(St,d),是选择高炉喷吹煤煤种的主要控制指标。元素分析主要包括碳、氢、氧、氮,通过元素分析结果可以对喷吹煤的化学成分进行最直观的分析和了解。根据上述分析指标可以清晰地了解煤质特性,对所用喷吹煤进行评价。同时通过这些分析可确定每个煤种能够提供的热量、有害元素含量。包钢目前在用高炉喷吹煤粉工业分析数据如表1所示,喷吹煤粉元素分析如表2所示。
根据表1、表2分析结果,包钢现用煤种基本满足生产要求,无烟煤固定碳含量在73%~81%之间,烟煤固定碳含量在56%~64%之间;烟煤水分普遍高于无烟煤,挥发分高于无烟煤20个百分点左右。由于烟煤水分、挥发分偏高,导致烟煤的元素分析中H、O含量均值高于无烟煤,而有害元素K、Na含量烟煤与无烟煤均不高。
煤粉安全性能分析包括煤粉着火点、爆炸性检测分析,保证在磨煤、输粉过程中运行安全,不发生着火、爆炸事故。煤粉着火点变化趋势为随着挥发分的升高,着火点逐步降低。在优化配煤时要注意烟煤、无烟煤的合理搭配,在保证安全的前提下降低煤粉着火点,有利于煤粉快速燃烧。煤粉的工艺性能主要包括可磨性、灰成分、灰熔点、燃烧性。优化配煤过程中尽量控制混合煤粉的灰熔点高于1 250 ℃,避免出现煤枪挂渣现象。高炉喷吹用煤的可磨性指数应在60~90之间,包钢使用的煤粉可磨性指数大部分位于50~67之间,属于可磨性较差的煤。各单种煤安全及工艺性能检测结果如表3所示。
1.2 配合煤约束条件设定
(1)煤粉工业分析、元素分析约束。优化配煤首先必须满足对高炉喷吹煤粉的固定碳、水分、灰分、挥发分、热值指标要求。同时高炉喷吹煤粉应对主要元素及有害元素含量进行约束。
Aj≤ ${\sum }_{i=1}^{n}$Pi×Iij≤Bj
式中:Pi为煤粉i在混合煤中所占比例值;n为单煤种数;Iij为煤粉i中工业分析、元素指标j的值;Aj、Bj分别对应为混合煤中各工业分析、元素分析指标约束的下限和上限。
(2)煤粉安全性能、工艺性能约束。研究表明混合煤粉的着火点、灰熔融性、爆炸性与单种煤粉并不具有加和性。但混合煤的燃烧性、可磨性指数、喷流性指数等参数可进行加和后的指标约束。
minIj≤ ${\sum }_{i=1}^{n}$Pi×Iij≤maxIj
式中:Pi为煤粉i在混合煤中所占比例值;n为单煤种数;Iij为煤粉i中工艺性能指标j(燃烧率、可磨性指数、喷流性指数)的值;minIj、maxIj分别对应混合煤中各工艺性能指标约束的下限和上限。
(3)配比及资源量约束。优化配煤过程要保证单种煤配比和为100%的约束条件,同时要保证各单种煤使用量低于采购提供的资源量。具体表达式如下:
${\sum }_{i=1}^{n}$Pi=1;0≤Pi≤Qi
式中:Pi为煤粉i在混合煤中所占比例值;n为单煤种数;Qi为单种煤i的最大供应量。
1.3 优化配煤模型设计
优化配煤是一个数学规划问题,高炉对混合煤的煤质要求即构成配煤的约束条件,优化配煤在满足配煤质量指标的前提下,综合考虑混合煤的发热量、着火点、燃烧性、反应性、流动性、可磨性和爆炸性等因素,追求混合煤的成本最优目标。优化配煤模型采用VB+EXCELVBA语言混合编程来实现,VB程序设计可实现数据库和EXCEL数据表间传递输入、输出数据,利用EXCEL强大的规划求解、多元线性回归算法实现配煤优化。其数学模型可描述为:
Pmin= ${\sum }_{i=1}^{n}$PiIi(i=1,2,3…n)
式中:Pmin为喷吹煤成本;n为混配煤种数目;Pi为单种煤价格;Ii为单种煤配比。
线性规划求解采用迭代算法。迭代算法是从一个可行解开始,求得下一个较前一个可行解更好的可行解,直至得到最优解。一般情况下,线性规划的可行域为一个凸多边形,凸多边形的顶点称为线性规划问题的基本可行解。理论上其最优值必定在某个基本可行解上达到,即在某个顶点上达到最优值。根据上述思路,求解高炉优化配煤问题需要2个步骤:①求得一个基本可行解,作为迭代的初始可行解;②从初始基本可行解出发,通过迭代逐步得到最优的基本可行解。
1.4 系统输入、输出界面设计
本系统为用户设计了便于交互的操作界面,使用者可依据配煤流程依次进入相关模块,也可以依据需求直接进入相应模块完成煤种数据编辑、喷吹煤约束条件设定、喷吹煤优化配煤方案设计、喷吹煤配煤质量成本计算等工作。针对包钢制煤系统特点,为了提高使用的便捷性,还设计了两个系列测算按钮,可分别完成两个系列配煤方案的煤种选择、配煤比设定,并给出两个系列的配合煤及喷吹煤质量、成本,便于使用者一体化完成优化配煤设计。具体系统输入输出界面如图1所示。
2 系统应用
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2024年3月高炉喷吹煤优化配煤系统应用于包钢高炉喷煤系统,首先将市场及采购部门提供的资源量及价格录入喷吹煤数据库中,具体资源量如表4所示。以目前采购中心提供的喷吹煤资源情况,应用喷吹煤优化配煤系统进行了配煤优化设计。
在保证喷吹煤质量满足高炉生产要求、混合煤指标满足磨煤要求的前提下,设定配合煤粉约束条件如图2所示。
应用系统测算成本最低的配煤方案得出的优化配煤方案制定煤粉采购计划,具体数据如表5所示。配煤优化前后对应的喷吹煤质量保持稳定,具体数据如表6所示。
对优化前后的方案对比分析发现,性价比最差的招标烟煤配比由优化前的18.9%降低至0,而对于性价比较优的烟煤YKNY则由8.4%提高至20.5%,总烟煤配比提高了1.1个百分点。在无烟煤方面,方案优化后,性价比较高的BGKY配入量提高了3.6个百分点。整体来看,配合煤成本较优化前降低了38.56元/t,月降低高炉喷吹煤成本800万元。
从高炉经济技术指标来看,喷吹煤配煤结构优化后,高炉焦比降低4.3 kg/t,煤比升高4 kg/t。按当期焦炭价格2 639元/t、混煤成本1 065.2元/t测算,煤焦置换后,高炉燃料成本降低7.05元/t,同时高炉灰铁比降低1.40 kg/t,瓦斯灰C含量降低3.82个百分点。由此可知,随烟煤配比提高,灰铁比及瓦斯灰C含量均呈下降趋势,表明提高烟煤配比后高炉除尘灰中未燃煤粉降低,喷吹煤燃烧率提高。
3 结论
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(1)针对目前包钢高炉喷吹煤优化配煤研究的不足,提出一种考虑煤粉基础特性、安全性能、工艺性能的高炉喷吹煤优化配煤方法,建立相应优化配煤系统。
(2)优化配煤系统以煤粉的工业分析、安全性能、工艺性能分析数据作为基础煤种数据库,依据高炉对喷吹煤质量要求及混合煤粉安全性能、工艺性能设定约束条件,以喷吹煤成本最优为目标,通过线性规划求解算法确定最优配煤方案。
(3)优化配煤系统的开发与包钢生产实际情况紧密结合,使其更具实用性及可操作性,同时提高了喷吹煤配煤信息化水平。
(4)优化配煤系统的开发并应用于包钢高炉,在稳定喷吹煤质量和降低喷吹煤成本方面取得了较大进步,2024年3月份通过优化配合煤结构,高炉喷吹煤成本降低了38.56元/t,月降低高炉喷吹煤成本800万元。
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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2024年第50卷第3期
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  • 接收时间：2024-04-18
  • 首发时间：2025-10-24
  • 出版时间：2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-18
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    1.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部, 内蒙古 包头 014010
    2.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼铁厂, 内蒙古 包头 014010
    3.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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