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Article(id=1188423623112012489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188423621174244026, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)03-0057-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713801600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761271871593, onlineDateStr=2025-10-24, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761271871593, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761271871593, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761271871593, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1188423621174244026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1719244800000', pubDateStr='2024-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761271871131, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1761283363050, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1188471821818015773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188423621174244026, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1188471821818015774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188423621174244026, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=57, endPage=60, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1188423623346893514, articleId=1188423623112012489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Development of Medium Carbon 27SiMn Spring Steel Plate, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, the production technology process and relative process parameters of new product, 27SiMn spring steel plate are introduced. The microstructure needed by product is obtained through reasonably setting cooling parameters after rolling, with which the mechanical properties of product are ensured. The using status of users shows that the performances of 27SiMn spring steel plate are good by making full use of existing equipment of Baotou Steel, adopting reasonable process parameters under the condition that both of raw materials and liquid iron meet the requirements. Its tensile strength is not less than 800 MPa and elongation is not less than 19%. Moreover, the effects of atmosphere in heating furnace on decarburized layer on the surface of medium carbon steel with silicon are important, decarburized layer on the surface of 27SiMn spring steel plate is just 24% of the requirements in the national standard GB/T 1222—2016 by reducing atmosphere and micro-positive pressure operations in heating furnace.

, authors=null, authorsList=Feng Li, Ting Wang, Rong-biao Lang, Xue-gang Zhou, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1188423676102849252, articleId=1188423623112012489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=CN, title=中碳27SiMn弹簧用板材开发, columnId=1185887584472417142, journalTitle=包钢科技, columnName=品种质量与试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

文章介绍了弹簧钢板27SiMn新产品生产工艺流程及相关的工艺参数。通过合理的轧后冷却参数设定,得到了产品需要的组织,该组织保证了产品的力学性能。用户使用情况表明,充分利用包钢现有的装备,采用合理的工艺参数,在原料及铁水都满足要求的情况下,生产出的27SiMn弹簧钢板性能良好,其抗拉强度不小于800 MPa,延伸率不小于19%。此外,加热炉的气氛对含硅中碳钢的表面脱碳层有重要影响,还原性气氛和加热炉内微正压操作使27SiMn弹簧钢板表面脱碳层只有国标GB/T 1222—2016要求的24%。

, authors=

李 峰(1971-),男,内蒙古包头市人,博士,高级工程师,现从事弹簧钢等特殊钢产品开发工作。

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李 峰(1971-),男,内蒙古包头市人,博士,高级工程师,现从事弹簧钢等特殊钢产品开发工作。

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李 峰(1971-),男,内蒙古包头市人,博士,高级工程师,现从事弹簧钢等特殊钢产品开发工作。

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C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Cu
0.24~0.32 1.10~1.40 1.10~1.40 ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.30 ≤0.30 ≤0.30
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27SiMn钢国标要求的化学成分(质量分数) %

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C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Cu
0.24~0.32 1.10~1.40 1.10~1.40 ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.30 ≤0.30 ≤0.30
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C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Cu
0.26~0.32 1.20~1.40 1.20~1.40 ≤0.020 ≤0.012 ≤0.10 ≤0.10 ≤0.10
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新开发的27SiMn钢化学成分(质量分数) %

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C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Cu
0.26~0.32 1.20~1.40 1.20~1.40 ≤0.020 ≤0.012 ≤0.10 ≤0.10 ≤0.10
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Si P S
0.3~0.6 ≤0.160 ≤0.050
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铁水化学成分(质量分数) %

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Si P S
0.3~0.6 ≤0.160 ≤0.050
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第一炉过热度
/℃		 其他炉过热度
/℃		 拉速范围
/(m·min-1)
25~50 15~30 0.9~1.2
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连铸工艺参数

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第一炉过热度
/℃		 其他炉过热度
/℃		 拉速范围
/(m·min-1)
25~50 15~30 0.9~1.2
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加热温度
/℃		 在炉时间
/min		 均热温度
/℃		 出炉温度
/℃
1 220~1 290 160~240 1 230~1 290 1 220~1 280
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板坯加热及出炉温度

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加热温度
/℃		 在炉时间
/min		 均热温度
/℃		 出炉温度
/℃
1 220~1 290 160~240 1 230~1 290 1 220~1 280
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公称直径
或厚度/mm		 总脱碳层深度不大于
直径或厚度的百分比/%
≤8 2.8
8~30 2.3
>30 1.8
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脱碳层要求

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公称直径
或厚度/mm		 总脱碳层深度不大于
直径或厚度的百分比/%
≤8 2.8
8~30 2.3
>30 1.8
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项目 屈服强度
/MPa		 抗拉强度
/MPa		 延伸率
/%		 布氏硬度
(HRB)
最小值 545 830 19.5 234
最大值 585 865 21.0 243
平均值 557 843 20.2 239
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27SiMn钢板热轧态的力学性能

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项目 屈服强度
/MPa		 抗拉强度
/MPa		 延伸率
/%		 布氏硬度
(HRB)
最小值 545 830 19.5 234
最大值 585 865 21.0 243
平均值 557 843 20.2 239
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中碳27SiMn弹簧用板材开发
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李峰 1 , 王婷 1 , 郎荣彪 1 , 周学刚 2
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2024,50(3): 57-60
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包钢科技 |品种质量与试验研究 2024 , 50 (3) : 57 -60
中碳27SiMn弹簧用板材开发
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李 峰(1971-),男,内蒙古包头市人,博士,高级工程师,现从事弹簧钢等特殊钢产品开发工作。

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李 峰(1971-),男,内蒙古包头市人,博士,高级工程师,现从事弹簧钢等特殊钢产品开发工作。

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李峰1, 王婷1, 郎荣彪1, 周学刚2
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2.内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司板材厂, 内蒙古 包头 014010
Development of Medium Carbon 27SiMn Spring Steel Plate
Feng Li1, Ting Wang1, Rong-biao Lang1, Xue-gang Zhou2
Affiliations
  • 1. Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2. Plate Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Steel Plate Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25
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摘要
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文章介绍了弹簧钢板27SiMn新产品生产工艺流程及相关的工艺参数。通过合理的轧后冷却参数设定,得到了产品需要的组织,该组织保证了产品的力学性能。用户使用情况表明,充分利用包钢现有的装备,采用合理的工艺参数,在原料及铁水都满足要求的情况下,生产出的27SiMn弹簧钢板性能良好,其抗拉强度不小于800 MPa,延伸率不小于19%。此外,加热炉的气氛对含硅中碳钢的表面脱碳层有重要影响,还原性气氛和加热炉内微正压操作使27SiMn弹簧钢板表面脱碳层只有国标GB/T 1222—2016要求的24%。

弹簧钢  /  27SiMn  /  板材开发

In this paper, the production technology process and relative process parameters of new product, 27SiMn spring steel plate are introduced. The microstructure needed by product is obtained through reasonably setting cooling parameters after rolling, with which the mechanical properties of product are ensured. The using status of users shows that the performances of 27SiMn spring steel plate are good by making full use of existing equipment of Baotou Steel, adopting reasonable process parameters under the condition that both of raw materials and liquid iron meet the requirements. Its tensile strength is not less than 800 MPa and elongation is not less than 19%. Moreover, the effects of atmosphere in heating furnace on decarburized layer on the surface of medium carbon steel with silicon are important, decarburized layer on the surface of 27SiMn spring steel plate is just 24% of the requirements in the national standard GB/T 1222—2016 by reducing atmosphere and micro-positive pressure operations in heating furnace.

spring steel  /  27SiMn  /  development of plate
李峰, 王婷, 郎荣彪, 周学刚. 中碳27SiMn弹簧用板材开发. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (3) : 57 -60 .
Feng Li, Ting Wang, Rong-biao Lang, Xue-gang Zhou. Development of Medium Carbon 27SiMn Spring Steel Plate[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (3) : 57 -60 .
正文
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车辆减振弹簧需要的原料有多种,其中弹簧钢板被广泛使用。在实际工业生产中,只有生产设备及工艺都满足要求,才可能生产出合格的弹簧钢板。中碳钢板的抗拉强度超过800 MPa,要求轧机有较强的卷取力。
汽车钢板弹簧是汽车悬架系统中的弹性元件,由于其可靠性好、结构简单、制造工艺流程短、成本低而且结构能大大简化等优点,得到广泛的应用。汽车钢板弹簧一般是由若干片不等长的合金弹簧钢组合而成一组近似于等强度的弹簧梁,在悬架系统中起缓冲作用。它在汽车纵向安置,一端与车架用铰链连接固定,既承担车辆的力和力矩,又决定车轮的运动轨迹,起导向作用。另外,钢板弹簧是多片叠加而成,在载荷作用下变形,使车身的震动衰减,因此釆用此种结构的车辆可以不装减震器。钢板弹簧单位重量储存的能量较低,材料的利用率较差,一般多片弹簧材料利用率为60%,少片弹簧材料利用率为75%~85%。弹簧片的重量占汽车重量的8%~9%[1]。
钢板弹簧是汽车悬架系统中的重要部件,工作条件恶劣,是汽车的易损件,因而对其力学性能有严格的要求。众所周知,零件力学性能在材料质量保证的前提下取决于热处理工艺,而热处理工艺也应根据所用材料来决定。
在工作时,要求车辆钢板弹簧本身不能产生不可逆变形,还要吸收相对应的弹性功,正因如此,对弹簧钢的力学性能要求较高。
27SiMn钢是中碳Si-Mn钢系列中用于生产车辆板簧的钢种。27SiMn钢的开发是为开拓新的弹簧钢市场、扩大包钢产品的市场影响力而开发的产品。
包钢长材厂有多年生产27SiMn钢的经验,但在板材方面开发较晚。27SiMn钢板材主要用于板簧类产品,常常需要负重而且还承受震动,容易给钢板造成内应力,且对钢板的表面脱碳有较高要求,因此开发难度较大。
包钢稀土钢板材厂装备一流,工艺参数控制稳定,具备生产该钢种的条件。
1 包钢稀土钢板材厂基本情况
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包钢稀土钢板材厂可以生产高品质汽车用热轧产品、冷轧产品及家电用硅钢,包括取向硅钢和无取向硅钢。
炼钢区域布置2台公称容量为250 t的转炉,精炼工位布置2台LF精炼炉及2台RH精炼炉;连铸区域布置有2台板坯连铸机,连铸机配置结晶器电磁搅拌、二冷末区铸坯轻压下系统。2台板坯连铸机都具有在线调宽的功能,可以实现不同规格板坯的连浇。
轧钢区域布置4台加热炉,加热炉可以实现自动调节炉温。粗轧工位有2架可逆式粗轧机,精轧工位有7架精轧连轧机。为防止铸坯在粗轧与精轧之间的辊道上温度下降过多,在两套轧机之间设有保温罩。精轧的整个过程自动化控制水平很高,可以实现钢坯精轧入口温度及终轧温度的精准控制。超快冷系统是该轧机的又一大特色,该系统配置在精轧后,可以自动控制钢板的冷速,同时允许选择多种冷却模式,以使钢板获得相应的金相组织。
为了减小钢板的残余应力,使钢板性能稳定并均匀,钢板卷取后在保温罩内保温。
2 化学成分及工艺流程
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按照GB/T 3077—2015[2],27SiMn钢化学成分要求见表1,表2为本次开发的27SiMn钢化学成分。
一般来说,钢的化学成分波动范围大,则钢的性能波动也较大。因此,在设计27SiMn钢的成分时,主要元素C、Si、Mn的范围比国标规定的范围有所减小。在有的钢中Ni、Cu、Cr元素为有益元素,甚至是不可或缺的元素,但在27SiMn弹簧钢中,它们为残余的有害元素,因此对其含量上限进行了限制。S、P在大多数钢中属于有害元素,要在考虑制造成本的前提下降低其含量。
27SiMn钢的生产工艺为:铁水预处理→转炉冶炼→LF炉外精炼→RH真空处理→板坯连铸→加热炉加热→高压水除鳞→粗轧→飞剪→高压水除鳞→精轧→层流冷却→卷取→离线保温罩保温→库内冷却。
3 炼钢工艺
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3.1 原料条件
经过预处理后的铁水温度要求不低于1 305 ℃,入转炉前铁水化学成分应满足表3要求。
为使转炉出钢温度不低于1 645 ℃,铁水应有较高的温度。
钢中的有害元素S、P主要是由铁水带入,因此应限制铁水中的S、P含量。
入转炉的铁水需经铁水预处理装置进行必要的脱硫,要求铁水离开脱硫站进入转炉前其硫含量不高于0.010%。
3.2 转炉冶炼及精炼
在27SiMn钢开发中,要求转炉补吹次数最多一次;在LF炉进行成分微调,在RH真空处理工位测温;RH真空处理完成后进行软吹,软吹时间不得少于15 min;真空时间应该超过20 min,且真空度应该不大于300 Pa。
3.3 连铸
连铸工艺参数如表4所示。
1 493 ℃是27SiMn钢的液相线温度,板坯连铸机拉速范围为0.9~1.2 m/min,采用恒拉速工艺,同时配合结晶器电磁搅拌及二冷区末段动态轻压下。
铸坯取样进行冷酸低倍检验,执行标准为YB/T 2012—2014[3]。在浇次第一炉某一流的铸坯头部、浇次最后一炉其他流铸坯头部取样,沿浇注方向取铸坯长度80~120 mm。
本钢种要求铸坯B类偏析不大于2.0级,中心疏松不大于1.0级。低倍检验结果表明,27SiMn连铸坯B类偏析为1.0级,中心疏松为0.5级。
4 热轧及脱碳层控制
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4.1 热轧
表5为板坯加热制度。
带钢实际生产的终轧温度为890 ℃,带钢轧后的冷却速度为5~10 ℃/s。钢带在卷取后送入离线的保温罩中冷却,以降低带钢的残余应力。
4.2 脱碳层控制
碳原子在加热炉内向铸坯表面扩散并与氧反应,造成钢坯脱碳[4]。将27SiMn钢在加热炉内加热时,在高温下,钢坯表面空气中氧与碳的结合力大于钢坯内铁碳结合力,在此情况下,钢坯表面的碳原子不断被氧化,从而在原金相组织内的铁素体上形成了脱碳层。虽然脱碳层很薄,但是钢材的强度、硬度及耐磨性明显下降,因此脱碳层对钢材最终的使用性能有重要影响。
大量的试验表明[5],钢材的化学成分、加热时间、加热温度、炉内气氛等对脱碳反应有重要影响,碳钢硅含量高、加热温度高、加热炉内氧化性气氛强都促进了脱碳反应。
弹簧钢的疲劳性能很大程度上受脱碳层影响,特别是脱碳层较厚时,更容易在钢受力时产生应力集中。如果钢材表面产生了全脱碳层,则对钢材的疲劳性能影响更大。因此实际生产中一定要控制好弹簧钢表面的脱碳。表6为GB/T 1222—2016对脱碳层的要求[6]。
钢板表面质量及脱碳层厚度受到加热炉气氛的影响,如果加热炉内是微正压,有利于控制脱碳层,如果加热炉内是还原性气氛也有利于控制脱碳层。为有效控制炉内气氛,应控制加热炉内压力高于大气压70 Pa。
在本次试生产过程中,经检验,6 mm厚27SiMn钢板表面没有全脱碳层,不完全脱碳层只有国标GB/T 1222—2016[6]要求的24%,即脱碳层厚度仅为0.04 mm。
5 钢板热轧后的组织及性能
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按照GB/T 1222—2016,27SiMn钢热轧后钢板的布氏硬度应不大于285。由表7可见,生产的27SiMn钢板性能符合标准要求。
图1为热轧钢板的金相组织,由图1可见,钢板的金相组织为铁素体+珠光体,没有出现异常组织。
6 结论
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(1)生产的27SiMn钢板抗拉强度不低于800 MPa,延伸率不小于19%。
(2)表面检测表明,27SiMn钢板没有产生全脱碳层,这有利于产品性能的稳定。不完全脱碳层只有国标GB/T 1222—2016要求的24%,脱碳层控制较好。

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参考文献 引证文献
排序方式：
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申勇, 申斌, 吴静, 等. 弹簧钢的技术发展及生产工艺现状[J]. 金属制品, 2009, 35(3):22-25.
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  • 接收时间：2024-04-23
  • 首发时间：2025-10-24
  • 出版时间：2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-23
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    1.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
    2.内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司板材厂, 内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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