Article(id=1188423622302511810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188423621174244026, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)03-0001-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708790400000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761271871400, onlineDateStr=2025-10-24, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761271871400, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761271871400, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761271871400, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1188423621174244026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761271871131, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761283363050, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1188471821818015773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188423621174244026, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1188471821818015774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188423621174244026, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=4, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1188423622512227011, articleId=1188423622302511810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Analysis and Treatment of Leakage for High Pressure Evaporator of Waste Heat Boiler in CCPP (Combined Cycle Power Plant), columnId=1187100783049851249, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Expert Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As an efficient energy conversion system, the combined cycle power plant (CCPP) is widely used in such industrial fields as iron and steel. As the core component of CCPP, stable operation of waste heat boiler directly affects efficiency and safety of the entire unit. In the paper, the in-depth study aiming at frequent leak problem at the upper part of high pressure evaporator of supporting waste heat boiler facing flue gas in gas turbine unit of a steel plant is carried out as well as the leakage causes are analyzed to be that the deposit sediment in its lower header causes water flow rate in evaporator tube to be decreased so that impingement corrosion of steam water mixture is generated. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of “flue gas corridor” in local area of furnace exacerbates the corrosion process. For these problems, such measures as replacing leaking pipe section, reforming periodic discharge pipe system of lower header to improve efficiency of pollution discharge, repairing and perfecting gas baffle to reduce formation of “flue gas corridor”, optimizing periodic pollution discharge operations as well as formulating periodic plans of inspection and maintenance are taken to effectively solve the leak problem for high pressure evaporator so that the stability and safety of equipment are improved.

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燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组(CCPP)作为高效能源转换系统,在钢铁等工业领域得到广泛应用。余热锅炉作为CCPP机组的核心部件,其稳定运行直接关系到整个机组的效率和安全性。文章针对某钢厂燃气轮机组配套余热锅炉高压蒸发器上部迎烟气面频繁泄漏问题进行了深入研究,分析泄漏原因为其下联箱内沉积物导致蒸发器管内水流量减小,进而产生汽水混合物的冲击腐蚀,同时炉膛局部区域的“烟气走廊”现象加剧了这一腐蚀过程。针对这一问题,采取更换泄漏管段、改造下联箱定排管系统以提高排污效率、修复和完善烟气挡板以减少“烟气走廊”形成、优化定期排污操作以及制定定期的检查和维护计划等措施,有效地解决了高压蒸发器的泄漏问题,提高了设备的稳定性和安全性。

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李 平(1970-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事热能与动力工程运行、设备研究工作。

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李 平(1970-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事热能与动力工程运行、设备研究工作。

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李 平(1970-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事热能与动力工程运行、设备研究工作。

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样品编号 C O Na Mg Al Si P S Ca V Mn Fe Cr Cu
1#-1 1.1 36.2 24.6 1.3 0.3 0.1 9.1 0.1 3.3 0.2 0.2 23.5
1#-2 0.9 35.6 25.0 1.4 0.1 0.1 8.7 0.1 3.1 0.2 0.2 24.8
1#-3 1.1 36.3 24.3 1.3 0.3 0.1 8.8 0.1 3.5 0.2 0.2 23.9
2#-1 0.6 21.4 0.1 0.5 77.4
2#-2 0.6 21.3 0.1 0.5 77.4
2#-3 0.6 20.9 0.2 0.4 78.0
3#-1 2.9 31.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 64.2 0.2 0.6
3#-2 2.9 30.7 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 64.6 0.1 0.6
3#-3 2.9 31.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.5 63.9 0.2 0.8
), ArticleFig(id=1188423744994292614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188423622302511810, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

垢样能谱分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号 C O Na Mg Al Si P S Ca V Mn Fe Cr Cu
1#-1 1.1 36.2 24.6 1.3 0.3 0.1 9.1 0.1 3.3 0.2 0.2 23.5
1#-2 0.9 35.6 25.0 1.4 0.1 0.1 8.7 0.1 3.1 0.2 0.2 24.8
1#-3 1.1 36.3 24.3 1.3 0.3 0.1 8.8 0.1 3.5 0.2 0.2 23.9
2#-1 0.6 21.4 0.1 0.5 77.4
2#-2 0.6 21.3 0.1 0.5 77.4
2#-3 0.6 20.9 0.2 0.4 78.0
3#-1 2.9 31.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 64.2 0.2 0.6
3#-2 2.9 30.7 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 64.6 0.1 0.6
3#-3 2.9 31.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.5 63.9 0.2 0.8
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CCPP机组余热锅炉高压蒸发器泄漏分析与处理
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李平 , 李玉静 , 张海钢 , 孟晓敏
包钢科技 | 专家论坛 2024,50(3): 1-4
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包钢科技 | 专家论坛 2024, 50(3): 1-4
CCPP机组余热锅炉高压蒸发器泄漏分析与处理
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李平, 李玉静, 张海钢, 孟晓敏
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司动供总厂, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 李 平(1970-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事热能与动力工程运行、设备研究工作。

Analysis and Treatment of Leakage for High Pressure Evaporator of Waste Heat Boiler in CCPP (Combined Cycle Power Plant)
Ping Li, Yu-jing Li, Hai-gang Zhang, Xiao-min Meng
Affiliations
  • Power Supply General Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25
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燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组(CCPP)作为高效能源转换系统,在钢铁等工业领域得到广泛应用。余热锅炉作为CCPP机组的核心部件,其稳定运行直接关系到整个机组的效率和安全性。文章针对某钢厂燃气轮机组配套余热锅炉高压蒸发器上部迎烟气面频繁泄漏问题进行了深入研究,分析泄漏原因为其下联箱内沉积物导致蒸发器管内水流量减小,进而产生汽水混合物的冲击腐蚀,同时炉膛局部区域的“烟气走廊”现象加剧了这一腐蚀过程。针对这一问题,采取更换泄漏管段、改造下联箱定排管系统以提高排污效率、修复和完善烟气挡板以减少“烟气走廊”形成、优化定期排污操作以及制定定期的检查和维护计划等措施,有效地解决了高压蒸发器的泄漏问题,提高了设备的稳定性和安全性。

燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组  /  余热锅炉  /  高压蒸发器  /  泄漏分析  /  处理方案

As an efficient energy conversion system, the combined cycle power plant (CCPP) is widely used in such industrial fields as iron and steel. As the core component of CCPP, stable operation of waste heat boiler directly affects efficiency and safety of the entire unit. In the paper, the in-depth study aiming at frequent leak problem at the upper part of high pressure evaporator of supporting waste heat boiler facing flue gas in gas turbine unit of a steel plant is carried out as well as the leakage causes are analyzed to be that the deposit sediment in its lower header causes water flow rate in evaporator tube to be decreased so that impingement corrosion of steam water mixture is generated. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of “flue gas corridor” in local area of furnace exacerbates the corrosion process. For these problems, such measures as replacing leaking pipe section, reforming periodic discharge pipe system of lower header to improve efficiency of pollution discharge, repairing and perfecting gas baffle to reduce formation of “flue gas corridor”, optimizing periodic pollution discharge operations as well as formulating periodic plans of inspection and maintenance are taken to effectively solve the leak problem for high pressure evaporator so that the stability and safety of equipment are improved.

combined cycle power plant  /  waste heat boiler  /  high pressure evaporator  /  analysis of leakage  /  treatment scheme
李平, 李玉静, 张海钢, 孟晓敏. CCPP机组余热锅炉高压蒸发器泄漏分析与处理. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (3) : 1 -4 .
Ping Li, Yu-jing Li, Hai-gang Zhang, Xiao-min Meng. Analysis and Treatment of Leakage for High Pressure Evaporator of Waste Heat Boiler in CCPP (Combined Cycle Power Plant)[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (3) : 1 -4 .
燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组(CCPP)是由燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机组合起来的联合循环发电装置,与传统的蒸汽发电系统相比,具有发电效率高、成本低、效益好、负荷调节范围宽、安全性能好、可靠性高等一系列优势。余热锅炉作为CCPP机组中的核心设备,其主要功能是回收燃气轮机排放的烟气余热,并将其转化为蒸汽,其稳定运行对于保障整个机组的经济性与安全性至关重要。本文针对某钢厂CCPP机组配套的余热锅炉高压蒸发器频繁泄漏的问题,分析了其泄漏的根本原因,并提出有效的解决方法。
某钢厂拥有1台150 MW CCPP机组,配套双压卧式余热锅炉,余热锅炉的高压蒸发器换热管排列为纵向(顺烟气方向)15排,横向(垂直于烟气方向)58列,共870根管。横向分为左屏和右屏,左屏有5组上、下联箱,每组联箱上连接29列3排换热管,即左屏包括第1~29列管;右屏同样布置,包括第30~58列管。机组运行三年后高压蒸发器开始泄漏。
第一次泄漏发生在第1排第58列管,即右屏联箱末端靠近炉墙的管,泄漏点位置在迎烟气面距离上联箱约0.5 m处。沿径向断管后检查发现泄漏点处管道内壁呈现“V”形沟减薄形态,类似冲刷痕迹,见图1。割管检查泄漏管道其余部位及相邻管道均未发现管道内壁减薄现象,内窥镜检查管道下联箱处内部堆积呈咖啡色的垢片,见图2
第二次泄漏发生在第2排第4列、第4排第2列,即左屏联箱末端靠近炉墙的管,泄漏点位置分别在迎烟气面距离上联箱约0.6 m处、迎烟气面距离上联箱约2.8 m处。泄漏点管道形态与第一次类似,在管道内壁呈现“V”形沟减薄形态。割管检查泄漏管道其余部位及相邻管道均未发现管道内壁减薄现象。进一步把第2排第4列泄漏点两侧切割3个管段分析[1],发现管内有不同厚度的黑色沉积物,1#试样已被沉积物堵死,见图3。对1#试样、2#试样、3#试样的垢样进行能谱分析,结果见表1
1#试样、2#试样、3#试样垢样能谱分析结果显示,1#试样中铁含量在24%左右,氧含量在36%左右,钠含量在25%左右,磷含量在9%左右;2#试样中铁含量在78%左右,氧含量在21%左右;3#试样中铁含量在64%左右,氧含量在31%左右。由此分析黑色沉积物主要是氧化铁垢、铁钠复合盐类垢、磷酸盐铁垢。
针对两次泄漏事件中三根管发生泄漏均源于管内壁减薄的问题,深入探究了其成因。主要围绕两个核心问题展开:一是导致管内壁减薄的具体原因;二是为何减薄区域集中在高压蒸发器上部迎烟气面,且都位于联箱末端靠近炉墙的位置。
管内减薄区域的形态呈现出明显的冲刷坑,综合考虑各种因素,认为是由于该区域的汽水混合物流速较高,对管壁产生了冲刷,进而引发了应力腐蚀中的冲击腐蚀。冲击腐蚀特指在湍流或冲击造成的磨损与腐蚀介质共同作用下产生的腐蚀,通常易发生在管子弯头、管径突然变狭窄的部位。然而,在这三个泄漏点中,腐蚀发生在直管段而非联箱弯头处。为了解释这一现象,从流体冲击和腐蚀介质两个方面进行分析。
炉水在高压蒸发器管内向上流动的过程中,含汽量逐渐增加,流速也随之提高,至上段时流速达到最高。下联箱内的沉积物会被进水冲到两端,并带入蒸发器管内,对管内水流造成节流,进而引发湍流。管内异物会进一步减小水流量,导致蒸发器内含汽率升高,流速加快,汽水混合物的冲刷磨损也更为严重。上部管段具备发生高流速和湍流等冲刷管壁的条件,同时,此管段还存在炉水浓缩剧烈、腐蚀介质浓度高的问题。管内炉水流量的减小以及管上段含汽量的增加,导致迎烟气面管壁处的腐蚀介质浓缩更为剧烈。而泄漏部位发生在前4排,也是因为这个区域水的蒸发更为强烈。此外,炉墙处的烟气挡板有脱落现象,这会产生“烟气走廊”,使得烟气速度加快,换热系数增大[2]。同时,烟气流过蒸发器的过程中,前4排管的烟气温度高于后部。这些换热问题都会进一步增加汽水混合物的流速和腐蚀介质的浓度。上联箱弯头未发生减薄的主要原因是因为该区域全部被烟气挡板覆盖,换热量相对较小,因此未受到严重的冲击腐蚀。
综上所述,造成蒸发器管泄漏的根本原因是炉水内含有大量的沉积物,这一问题主要源于锅炉定期排污未能及时将下联箱内的沉积物排出。此外,该锅炉曾发生过“干锅”后又上水的事故,导致管内氧化层脱落沉积在下联箱未能完全排出。分析下联箱沉积物无法排出的原因,认为这与高压蒸发器下联箱定排管道的取出口位置有关。
(1)对泄漏的高压蒸发器管进行更换,并修复相邻可能受影响的管道。中修时对锅炉进行了彻底的检查和处理,共抽样检查56根管。抽样位置主要在容易形成“烟气走廊”的炉膛中央和靠两侧炉墙1~5排管。从上下联箱处断管,用内窥镜检查管上段内壁积垢或减薄情况,将异常的管段进行更换处理。为了提高管材的耐腐蚀性,管子材质由20G更换为15CrMo。
(2)改造下联箱定排管系统。对定排系统进行整体评估和优化,将定排管道取出口位置由下联箱底部中间改至两侧,提高其排污效率[3]
(3)修复和完善烟气挡板。对烟气挡板进行全面检查,修复脱落或损坏的挡板,减少“烟气走廊”的形成,避免部分区域烟气速度过高,进而降低汽水混合物的流速和腐蚀介质的浓度。
(4)优化定期排污操作。制定更为严格的定期排污计划,确保下联箱内的沉积物能够及时排出。对定排操作进行标准化管理,确保每次排污的效果和安全性。加强对炉水的监控,指导定排工作,确保炉水水质符合标准。利用每次停机的机会对定排系统进行大流量带压冲洗,排至排水水质接近给水水质
(5)定期检查和维护。制定定期检查和检修计划,对高压蒸发器及其相关部件进行全面的检查和维护。每次中修时对蒸发器管进行割管检查,检查下联箱及汽包内部积垢、腐蚀情况,记入档案。分析对比腐蚀和积垢情况,对异常情况要分析原因,制定对策,对发现的问题和隐患及时进行处理和修复。尤其对锅炉蒸发器和下联箱积垢情况进行检查,必要时进行蒸发器内部化学清洗。
针对某钢厂燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组(CCPP)配套的余热锅炉高压蒸发器多次出现的泄漏问题进行了深入分析。通过对泄漏部位、泄漏原因的分析,揭示了高压蒸发器泄漏的内在原因,主要是由于下联箱内沉积物导致蒸发器管内水流量减小,进而产生汽水混合物的冲击腐蚀,同时炉膛局部区域的“烟气走廊”现象加剧了这一腐蚀过程。针对这一问题,制定并实施了包括更换泄漏管段、改造下联箱定排管系统、修复和完善烟气挡板、优化定期排污操作以及定期检查和维护的综合处理方案。这些措施解决了高压蒸发器的泄漏问题,提高了设备的稳定性和安全性,为类似余热锅炉的运行和检修提供了参考和借鉴。
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2024年第50卷第3期
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  • 接收时间:2024-02-25
  • 首发时间:2025-10-24
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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