Article(id=1188049581288862322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)01-0087-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701619200000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761182693073, onlineDateStr=2025-10-23, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761182693073, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761182693073, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761182693073, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1188049574255018819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761182691396, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761290996781, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1188503840023265810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1188503840023265811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=87, endPage=90, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1188049581485994612, articleId=1188049581288862322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Practices on Ultra-low Emission Transformation of Steel Rolling Heating Furnace, columnId=1187100786392711543, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Equipment and Automation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, the combined process of low-nitrogen combustion+calcium-based desulfuration with fixed bed is proposed for flue gas treatment of heating furnace thorough comparing current common desulfurization technology with active carbon, SDS sodium-based desulfurization technology, calcium-based desulfurization technology with fixed bed and dry desulfurization technology with highly active calcium powder in metallurgical industry as well as selecting the desulfurization and denitrification technologies suitable for conventional walking beam reheating furnace of steel rolling mill by taking the ultra-low emission transformation for conventional walking beam reheating furnace of steel rolling mill as an example. After on-site implementation, the nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter in flue gas could all meet the ultra-low emission requirements so that the combined process could provide reference for enterprises in the same industry.

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文章以轧钢厂常规步进式加热炉超低排放改造为实例,通过对比当前冶金行业常用的活性炭脱硫技术、SDS钠基脱硫技术、钙基固定床脱硫技术和高活性钙粉干法脱硫技术,选取适合轧钢厂常规步进式加热炉的脱硫、脱硝技术,提出加热炉烟气处理采用低氮燃烧+钙基固定床脱硫的组合工艺。现场实施后烟气氮氧化物、二氧化硫及颗粒物均满足超低排放要求,此组合工艺可为同行业企业提供借鉴。

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孙海龙(1987-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,工程师,现从事加热炉生产、质量管理工作。

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孙海龙(1987-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,工程师,现从事加热炉生产、质量管理工作。

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污染物	超低排放指标/(mg·m-3)	平均值/(mg·m-3)	最大值/(mg·m-3)	超标率/%
颗粒物	10	12.6	29	13.40
SO2	50	153	288	99.86
NOx	200	211	436	61.76

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加热炉环保指标在线检测数据

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污染物	超低排放指标/(mg·m-3)	平均值/(mg·m-3)	最大值/(mg·m-3)	超标率/%
颗粒物	10	12.6	29	13.40
SO2	50	153	288	99.86
NOx	200	211	436	61.76

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脱硝方法	性质	适用温度/℃	氮氧化物脱除率/%	特点	投资
SCR	烟气治理	150~450	>90	需增加脱硝设备、换热器、 氨水设备、催化剂	一次投资高,后期需 人工定期运维
SNCR	烟气治理	850~1 100	>50	需增加脱硝设备、换热器	一次投资高,后期需 人工定期运维
低氮燃烧技术	源头治理	对温度无要求	>90	更换低氮环保烧嘴, 不需要新增设备	投资小,无需增加运维

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脱硝工艺技术对比

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脱硝方法	性质	适用温度/℃	氮氧化物脱除率/%	特点	投资
SCR	烟气治理	150~450	>90	需增加脱硝设备、换热器、 氨水设备、催化剂	一次投资高,后期需 人工定期运维
SNCR	烟气治理	850~1 100	>50	需增加脱硝设备、换热器	一次投资高,后期需 人工定期运维
低氮燃烧技术	源头治理	对温度无要求	>90	更换低氮环保烧嘴, 不需要新增设备	投资小,无需增加运维

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项目	活性炭脱硫	SDS钠基脱硫	钙基固定床脱硫	高活性钙粉干法脱硫
建设成本	较高,系统及设备复杂	较低	较高,主要是装填量大、单价高	最低
运行成本	较高	最低	较高	较低
复杂程度	最复杂,适用于烟气温度≤140 ℃,否则易超温烧塔,热解析、SO2回收单元复杂	系统相对简单,运转设备较多	系统最简单,一次装填量大,无运转设备	系统简单
二次污染	无	形成钠基固废,难处理	一般固废,钙基废料容易处理	一般固废,钙基废料容易处理
温度条件	对温度敏感,要求降温至140 ℃以下,且CO高,有自燃的风险	对低温敏感,要求≥120 ℃。	无温度限制	无温度限制
劳动定员	少量定员	少量定员,每天加料	简单,无人值守,换料周期约6个月	简单,无人值守,7~15天加一次料
能耗	电耗高,煤气消耗高	电耗高,消耗压缩空气	电耗低	粉体输送消耗电、压缩空气
操作难易	最难,生产控制要求高,易超温烧塔,涉及化工操作	系统复杂,有磨机维修、布袋更换等	容易,定期更换脱硫剂,无维护	定期加粉体,布袋更换困难
优点	脱硫效率高,适应性强,SO2资源可回收,无三废	脱硫效率高,SO2、粉尘零排放,调节性好	无人值守,副产品易处置	脱硫效率较高,钙基固废易于处置
缺点	投资和运行成本高,操作要求高,适用于高硫含量、大烟气量	需增加定员,钠基脱硫副产品不易处置	装填量大、单价高,运行成本最高,低温烟气易析水板结	脱硫剂利用率偏低,消耗量最高

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脱硫技术优缺点对比

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项目	活性炭脱硫	SDS钠基脱硫	钙基固定床脱硫	高活性钙粉干法脱硫
建设成本	较高,系统及设备复杂	较低	较高,主要是装填量大、单价高	最低
运行成本	较高	最低	较高	较低
复杂程度	最复杂,适用于烟气温度≤140 ℃,否则易超温烧塔,热解析、SO2回收单元复杂	系统相对简单,运转设备较多	系统最简单,一次装填量大,无运转设备	系统简单
二次污染	无	形成钠基固废,难处理	一般固废,钙基废料容易处理	一般固废,钙基废料容易处理
温度条件	对温度敏感,要求降温至140 ℃以下,且CO高,有自燃的风险	对低温敏感,要求≥120 ℃。	无温度限制	无温度限制
劳动定员	少量定员	少量定员,每天加料	简单,无人值守,换料周期约6个月	简单,无人值守,7~15天加一次料
能耗	电耗高,煤气消耗高	电耗高,消耗压缩空气	电耗低	粉体输送消耗电、压缩空气
操作难易	最难,生产控制要求高,易超温烧塔,涉及化工操作	系统复杂,有磨机维修、布袋更换等	容易,定期更换脱硫剂,无维护	定期加粉体,布袋更换困难
优点	脱硫效率高,适应性强,SO2资源可回收,无三废	脱硫效率高,SO2、粉尘零排放,调节性好	无人值守,副产品易处置	脱硫效率较高,钙基固废易于处置
缺点	投资和运行成本高,操作要求高,适用于高硫含量、大烟气量	需增加定员,钠基脱硫副产品不易处置	装填量大、单价高,运行成本最高,低温烟气易析水板结	脱硫剂利用率偏低,消耗量最高

), ArticleFig(id=1188503253382742897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049581288862322, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

时间	改造前NOx	改造后NOx	改造前SO2	改造后SO2	改造前颗粒物	改造后颗粒物
1日	155	45	76	2	12	2
2日	228	46	70	1	8	1
3日	168	50	87	1	10	1
4日	192	47	85	3	13	3
5日	265	57	69	2	18	2
6日	199	49	71	2	9	2
7日	215	62	67	1	7	1
8日	223	49	67	1	19	1
9日	219	78	72	1	26	1
10日	237	107	109	1	16	1
11日	218	64	88	2	11	2
12日	286	49	54	3	10	3
13日	315	49	58	3	8	3
14日	337	49	48	4	8	4
15日	330	51	53	3	6	3
16日	287	63	57	2	22	2
17日	371	52	47	4	29	4
18日	238	53	55	3	16	3
19日	101	49	96	3	16	3
20日	208	61	50	2	13	2
21日	152	57	77	3	13	3
22日	122	55	99	5	16	5
23日	79	62	179	4	18	4
24日	142	77	110	3	14	3
25日	143	60	88	3	15	3
26日	129	53	85	3	13	3
27日	79	46	90	3	11	3
28日	68	51	106	4	10	4
29日	105	50	88	3	13	3
30日	196	45	69	5	11	5

), ArticleFig(id=1188503253454046066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049581288862322, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

加热炉改造前、后排放指标对比 mg/m³

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

时间	改造前NOx	改造后NOx	改造前SO2	改造后SO2	改造前颗粒物	改造后颗粒物
1日	155	45	76	2	12	2
2日	228	46	70	1	8	1
3日	168	50	87	1	10	1
4日	192	47	85	3	13	3
5日	265	57	69	2	18	2
6日	199	49	71	2	9	2
7日	215	62	67	1	7	1
8日	223	49	67	1	19	1
9日	219	78	72	1	26	1
10日	237	107	109	1	16	1
11日	218	64	88	2	11	2
12日	286	49	54	3	10	3
13日	315	49	58	3	8	3
14日	337	49	48	4	8	4
15日	330	51	53	3	6	3
16日	287	63	57	2	22	2
17日	371	52	47	4	29	4
18日	238	53	55	3	16	3
19日	101	49	96	3	16	3
20日	208	61	50	2	13	2
21日	152	57	77	3	13	3
22日	122	55	99	5	16	5
23日	79	62	179	4	18	4
24日	142	77	110	3	14	3
25日	143	60	88	3	15	3
26日	129	53	85	3	13	3
27日	79	46	90	3	11	3
28日	68	51	106	4	10	4
29日	105	50	88	3	13	3
30日	196	45	69	5	11	5

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