Article(id=1188049580823294572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)01-0028-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701446400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761182692961, onlineDateStr=2025-10-23, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761182692961, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761182692961, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761182692961, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1188049574255018819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761182691396, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761290996781, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1188503840023265810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1188503840023265811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=28, endPage=31, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1188049581091730032, articleId=1188049580823294572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Research and Practices on Scale Production of Rare Earth Steel Products, columnId=1187100781414069182, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

There is often flocculent flow at nozzle during casting rare earth steel products with continuous casting machine so that the casting with normal casting speed could not be met. In severe case, the flocculation at tundish nozzle causes interruption of production so that continuous casting production is seriously affected. The steelmaking technologies of rare earth steel are optimized by studying the reaction mechanisms after adding rare earth elements into molten steel as well as analyzing the effects of oxygen content of molten steel, oxidizability of slag, protective casting of continuous casting machine and casting temperature on yield of rare earth Ce. As a result, the yield and castability of rare earth elements in molten steel are improved as well as the number of continuous casting heats for rare earth steel products reaches 25 so that scale production of rare earth steel products is ultimately achieved.

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稀土钢产品在连铸机浇注时经常发生水口絮流,无法满足正常拉速的浇注作业,严重时中间包水口絮死,造成生产中断,严重影响连铸生产。通过研究稀土元素加入钢水后的反应机理,分析钢水的氧含量、炉渣的氧化性、连铸机的保护浇注及浇注温度等对稀土Ce元素收得率的影响,优化稀土钢炼钢工艺,提高了稀土在钢水的收得率和可浇性,稀土钢产品的连浇炉数达到25炉,最终实现稀土钢产品规模化生产。

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张嘉华(1979-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,高级工程师,现从事炼钢工艺研究工作。

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张嘉华(1979-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,高级工程师,现从事炼钢工艺研究工作。

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张嘉华(1979-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,高级工程师,现从事炼钢工艺研究工作。

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序号 稀土加入量 加稀土前氧含量 钢水铈含量 收得率
1# 0.003 0 0.000 3 0.001 1 35.64
2# 0.003 0 0.000 4 0.001 2 39.96
3# 0.003 0 0.000 3 0.001 2 39.98
4# 0.003 0 0.000 4 0.001 1 36.68
5# 0.003 0 0.000 3 0.001 2 40.22
6# 0.003 0 0.000 4 0.001 0 33.02
7# 0.003 0 0.000 4 0.001 2 39.94
8# 0.003 0 0.000 3 0.001 0 33.29
9# 0.003 0 0.000 4 0.000 5 18.21
10# 0.003 0 0.000 4 0.000 8 27.10
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加入稀土前钢水氧含量与收得率(质量分数) %

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序号 稀土加入量 加稀土前氧含量 钢水铈含量 收得率
1# 0.003 0 0.000 3 0.001 1 35.64
2# 0.003 0 0.000 4 0.001 2 39.96
3# 0.003 0 0.000 3 0.001 2 39.98
4# 0.003 0 0.000 4 0.001 1 36.68
5# 0.003 0 0.000 3 0.001 2 40.22
6# 0.003 0 0.000 4 0.001 0 33.02
7# 0.003 0 0.000 4 0.001 2 39.94
8# 0.003 0 0.000 3 0.001 0 33.29
9# 0.003 0 0.000 4 0.000 5 18.21
10# 0.003 0 0.000 4 0.000 8 27.10
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序号 稀土
加入量
钢水铈
含量
炉渣FeO
含量
收得率
1# 0.003 0 0.000 5 1.08 33.02
2# 0.003 0 0.000 7 1.26 25.86
3# 0.003 0 0.000 7 1.05 36.60
4# 0.003 0 0.000 6 1.08 39.94
5# 0.003 0 0.000 7 1.35 28.87
6# 0.003 0 0.000 8 1.26 28.42
7# 0.003 0 0.000 7 1.08 25.60
8# 0.003 0 0.000 6 1.00 18.21
9# 0.003 0 0.000 6 2.24 20.28
10# 0.003 0 0.000 6 0.99 40.72
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加入稀土前炉渣的氧化性与收得率(质量分数) %

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序号 稀土
加入量
钢水铈
含量
炉渣FeO
含量
收得率
1# 0.003 0 0.000 5 1.08 33.02
2# 0.003 0 0.000 7 1.26 25.86
3# 0.003 0 0.000 7 1.05 36.60
4# 0.003 0 0.000 6 1.08 39.94
5# 0.003 0 0.000 7 1.35 28.87
6# 0.003 0 0.000 8 1.26 28.42
7# 0.003 0 0.000 7 1.08 25.60
8# 0.003 0 0.000 6 1.00 18.21
9# 0.003 0 0.000 6 2.24 20.28
10# 0.003 0 0.000 6 0.99 40.72
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稀土钢产品规模化生产研究与实践
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张嘉华 , 王皓 , 魏晓东 , 张建 , 陈冰晶
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2024,50(1): 28-31
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2024, 50(1): 28-31
稀土钢产品规模化生产研究与实践
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张嘉华, 王皓, 魏晓东, 张建, 陈冰晶
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 张嘉华(1979-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,高级工程师,现从事炼钢工艺研究工作。

Research and Practices on Scale Production of Rare Earth Steel Products
Jia-hua Zhang, Hao Wang, Xiao-dong Wei, Jian Zhang, Bing-jing Chen
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25
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稀土钢产品在连铸机浇注时经常发生水口絮流,无法满足正常拉速的浇注作业,严重时中间包水口絮死,造成生产中断,严重影响连铸生产。通过研究稀土元素加入钢水后的反应机理,分析钢水的氧含量、炉渣的氧化性、连铸机的保护浇注及浇注温度等对稀土Ce元素收得率的影响,优化稀土钢炼钢工艺,提高了稀土在钢水的收得率和可浇性,稀土钢产品的连浇炉数达到25炉,最终实现稀土钢产品规模化生产。

稀土钢产品  /  絮钢  /  可浇性  /  规模化生产

There is often flocculent flow at nozzle during casting rare earth steel products with continuous casting machine so that the casting with normal casting speed could not be met. In severe case, the flocculation at tundish nozzle causes interruption of production so that continuous casting production is seriously affected. The steelmaking technologies of rare earth steel are optimized by studying the reaction mechanisms after adding rare earth elements into molten steel as well as analyzing the effects of oxygen content of molten steel, oxidizability of slag, protective casting of continuous casting machine and casting temperature on yield of rare earth Ce. As a result, the yield and castability of rare earth elements in molten steel are improved as well as the number of continuous casting heats for rare earth steel products reaches 25 so that scale production of rare earth steel products is ultimately achieved.

rare earth steel products  /  flocculent steel  /  castability  /  scale production
张嘉华, 王皓, 魏晓东, 张建, 陈冰晶. 稀土钢产品规模化生产研究与实践. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (1) : 28 -31 .
Jia-hua Zhang, Hao Wang, Xiao-dong Wei, Jian Zhang, Bing-jing Chen. Research and Practices on Scale Production of Rare Earth Steel Products[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (1) : 28 -31 .
20世纪60年代初期,我国稀土在钢中应用的试验研究形成了热潮。原包钢稀土一厂生产的“一号合金”(稀土硅铁合金)作为唯一的添加剂用在国内几十家科研单位[1]。立足于包钢的资源和装备特点,开展稀土钢产品研发,稀土钢产品生产前期钢水的可浇性较差,生成的稀土高熔点夹杂物易在中间包水口内壁富集结瘤,造成连铸生产中断。如何提高稀土钢的可浇性,保证连铸生产的顺行是稀土钢生产急需解决的难题。为了解决稀土钢产品连铸浇注过程的可浇性,针对不同的稀土加入量,通过优化稀土钢冶炼方案,实现稀土钢产品规模化生产。
稀土钢产品在浇注时经常发生钢包水口和中间包水口絮流现象,无法满足正常拉速的浇注作业,严重时中间包水口絮死,造成生产中断,严重影响连铸生产。同时钢包水口絮流引起的拉速变化使钢水的洁净度降低,严重影响产品质量和整个炼钢的节奏[2]。为进一步研究稀土钢产品连铸浇注过程中的絮钢原因,提高稀土钢生产的连浇炉数,对炼钢连铸全流程进行取样检测、分析,明确了夹杂物从钢水凝固到产品轧制变形全过程的遗传规律。连铸机水口絮状物宏观情况见图1,絮状物外部是残钢,内部大部分是钢渣互裹物,浅绿色部分是稀土氧化物。
稀土钢冶炼过程中形成的稀土氧化物、稀土铝酸盐等,附着在水口内壁上,造成水口堵塞。取水口堵塞物进行扫描电镜和能谱分析,结果如图2所示。研究表明,水口堵塞是一个复杂的物理化学过程,涉及的因素很多,如钢水洁净度、钢水过热度、浇注速度、水口形状及材质等均对水口堵塞有影响[3]
对稀土钢产品连浇炉数絮流炉次进行分析,钢水中氧含量高、炉渣的氧化性高、连铸浇注温度低及连铸保护浇注不良等是造成稀土钢连浇炉数低的主要原因。
镇静钢转炉终点及精炼过程均采用铝制品进行脱氧,铝脱氧后在钢中形成了大量的脱氧产物Al2O3夹杂物,Al2O3的熔点高达2 052 ℃,在钢液中以固态形式存在,呈群簇状、块状等,在吹氩搅拌过程中,大颗粒的簇状Al2O3夹杂物从钢液中上浮到炉渣中,而10 μm以下的簇状或块状Al2O3夹杂物则容易滞留在钢液中,影响钢水的可浇性[4]。精炼结束进行钙处理,钙处理后加入稀土进行夹杂物球化处理。如加入稀土合金前钢水氧含量较高,会产生高熔点的稀土氧化物夹杂,影响钢水的可浇性,导致连铸浇注过程絮流。通过对加稀土合金前的钢水中的氧含量分析,加稀土前氧含量较高,在0.000 3%以上,连铸浇注絮流严重,稀土钢产品稀土的收得率较低,见表1
加稀土前炉渣中的FeO含量在1.0%以上,连铸浇注过程絮流严重,加入的稀土合金收得率较低,在40%以内,见表2。加入稀土合金后,由于稀土元素部分被炉渣氧化,生成的稀土氧化物上浮到炉渣中,造成稀土在钢水中的收得率较低。
连铸在浇注过程保护浇注不良,钢水发生二次氧化,产生大量的稀土氧化物夹杂。实践表明,当连铸增氮在0.000 5%以上,说明连铸机浇注过程保护浇注不良,同时钢中的稀土元素收得率极低,因此连铸保护浇注不良也是絮流的原因之一。
精炼离位温度较低,造成连铸浇注过程过热度较低,高熔点的夹杂物粘结在水口内壁。同时浇注过程随着温度的下降,钢水溶解氧的能力降低,析出的氧与钢中的稀土元素反应产生新的稀土氧化物夹杂粘结在水口内壁,造成连铸机水口絮流。浇注钢水温度太高,会影响铸坯内部质量,甚至会引发漏钢事故。
稀土钢生产前期由于稀土钢冶炼关键控制工艺未完全掌握,稀土的收得率较低,在40%以内,同时钢水中高熔点稀土复合夹杂物数量较多,导致钢水可浇性较差。通过对炼钢各工序的工艺优化和稀土加入方法的改进,提高了钢水稀土收得率和可浇性,实现了稀土钢产品的规模化生产。
开展降低钢中总氧含量技术攻关,降低了钢水的氧活度,提高钢水洁净度。转炉终点氧含量控制在0.090 0%以内,减少钢中稀土氧化物和氧化铝数量,提高钢水洁净度。精炼通过复合脱氧和钙处理工艺,加入稀土前氧活度控制在0.000 3%以内,稀土元素在钢中的收得率随着活度氧含量的降低而提高,见图3
进行稀土钢冶炼炉渣全铁含量关键技术攻关,降低渣中氧对稀土的消耗。稀土镇静钢LF炉处理加入电石或改质剂,快速造白渣,炉渣中的全铁含量控制在1%以内;稀土非镇静钢冶炼转炉出钢加入铝和改质剂,炉渣的全铁含量控制在8%以内,有效地降低了钢中氧化物夹杂的形成,提高了钢水的可浇性和稀土元素的收得率,具体情况见图4
实施稀土钢全程连铸保护浇注技术,制定保护浇注措施,铸机水口加密封垫圈时,首先确认密封垫圈是否完好,无裂纹,无损坏。每炉浇注完毕后,观察大包套管本体耐材使用情况,尤其是渣线位置和套管颈部的使用情况,如有异常及时进行处理。通过一系列的控制措施,钢水可浇性明显改善,防止连铸机水口絮流。
控制连铸中间包钢水温度在目标温度范围之内,从而保证生产的稳定有序和产品质量的提高。有效减少各工序过程温降,通过优化LF炉加热制度和氩气搅拌制度,保证钢水温度均匀和LF炉离位温度。精准控制精炼离位温度,将中间包钢水温度稳定控制在合理范围内,确保连铸浇注顺行,对提高铸坯产品质量、稳定生产并降低生产成本具有重大意义。
通过定期对稀土钢产品生产数据进行大数据分析,精准控制稀土加入量,钢水稀土收得率达到50%以上,解决了钢中加稀土的瓶颈问题,掌握了稀土钢产品开发的核心技术,连铸连浇炉数从5炉提高到25炉,加快了稀土钢科技成果转化及推广应用,实现了稀土钢规模化生产。
(1)通过对制约稀土钢生产的因素进行分析,发现钢水氧含量、炉渣氧化性、连铸保护浇注以及钢水温度等是影响稀土钢连铸絮流的主要原因。
(2)通过对稀土元素在钢中的作用机理分析,优化稀土在各工序的加入方法,提高稀土收得率到50%以上,连铸连浇炉数从5炉提高到25炉,实现了稀土钢产品规模化生产。
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  • 接收时间:2023-12-02
  • 首发时间:2025-10-23
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-02
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    内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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