Article(id=1188049578323493732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)01-0070-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701360000000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761182692366, onlineDateStr=2025-10-23, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761182692366, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761182692366, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761182692366, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1188049574255018819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761182691396, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761290996781, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1188503840023265810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1188503840023265811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=70, endPage=74, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1188049578944250728, articleId=1188049578323493732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Production Technology Development for Niobium Vanadium Composite HRB500E Rebar with High Strength-to-yield Ratio, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the process of producing HRB500E rebar for domestic manufacturers, there are often low strength-to-yield ratio or a small amount of nonconformity. In this paper, the comparative experiment of niobium vanadium composite rebar and vanadium nitrogen rebar manufactured with industrial trial production is carried out. The results showed that the strength-to-yield ratio of rebar was increased by 0.03 with the niobium vanadium composite process, ferrite transformation was delayed due to presence of niobium, pearlite content was increased by about 10 percentage points so that tensile strength was increased; vanadium nitrogen alloy was relatively reduced due to the addition of niobium so that its precipitation strengthening and fine grain strengthening effects were reduced as well as yield strength of rebar was slightly decreased. The practices show that the strength-to-yield ratio of rebar and seismic resistance of HRB500E rebar are significantly improved with the niobium vanadium composite process.

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国内厂家在生产HRB500E钢筋的过程中均存在强屈比偏低或者少量不合现象。文章对工业试制的铌钒复合钢筋和钒氮钢筋进行了对比试验,结果表明,采用铌钒复合工艺后,钢筋强屈比提高0.04,由于铌元素的存在,推迟了铁素体相变,珠光体含量增加了约10个百分点,使得钢筋抗拉强度提高;由于加入铌后,钒氮合金加入量相对减少,从而降低了钒氮合金析出强化、细晶强化效果,钢筋的屈服强度略有下降。实践表明,采用铌钒复合工艺后,钢筋的强屈比明显提高,HRB500E钢筋抗震性显著提高。

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黄飞(1973-),男,重庆市人,高级工程师,现从事型材新产品研发及智能制造工作。

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黄飞(1973-),男,重庆市人,高级工程师,现从事型材新产品研发及智能制造工作。

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黄飞(1973-),男,重庆市人,高级工程师,现从事型材新产品研发及智能制造工作。

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标准 牌号 C Si Mn P S Ceq
GB/T 1499.2—2018 HRB500E ≤0.25 ≤0.8 ≤1.6 ≤0.045 ≤0.045 ≤0.55
BS 4449—2005 B500C ≤0.24 ≤0.055 ≤0.055 ≤0.52
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英标B500C与国标HRB500E抗震钢筋化学成分对比(质量分数) %

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标准 牌号 C Si Mn P S Ceq
GB/T 1499.2—2018 HRB500E ≤0.25 ≤0.8 ≤1.6 ≤0.045 ≤0.045 ≤0.55
BS 4449—2005 B500C ≤0.24 ≤0.055 ≤0.055 ≤0.52
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牌号 屈服强度ReL /MPa 抗拉强度Rm/MPa 最大力总延伸率Agt/% R m o/ R e L o R m o/ReL
HRB500E 500 630 9.0 1.25 1.30
B500C 500 7.5 1.15 1.35
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力学性能

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牌号 屈服强度ReL /MPa 抗拉强度Rm/MPa 最大力总延伸率Agt/% R m o/ R e L o R m o/ReL
HRB500E 500 630 9.0 1.25 1.30
B500C 500 7.5 1.15 1.35
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编号 C Si Mn P S V Nb
试验钢1 ≤0.25 ≤0.8 ≤1.6 ≤0.045 ≤0.045 ≤0.055
试验钢2 ≤0.25 ≤0.8 ≤1.6 ≤0.045 ≤0.045 ≤0.045 ≤0.018
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试制设计化学成分(质量分数) %

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编号 C Si Mn P S V Nb
试验钢1 ≤0.25 ≤0.8 ≤1.6 ≤0.045 ≤0.045 ≤0.055
试验钢2 ≤0.25 ≤0.8 ≤1.6 ≤0.045 ≤0.045 ≤0.045 ≤0.018
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规格 屈服强度ReL/MPa 抗拉强度Rm/MPa 强屈比 屈标比 最大力总延伸率Agt/%
GB/T 1499.2—2018 ≥500 ≥630 ≥1.25 ≤1.30 ≥9.0
Φ12 mm 543 695 1.28 1.09 16.4
569 700 1.25 1.14 15.8
547 695 1.27 1.09 16.4
Φ25mm 525 672 1.26 1.05 16.3
520 671 1.25 1.04 17.2
520 671 1.27 1.04 16.2
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试验钢1力学性能及标准要求

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规格 屈服强度ReL/MPa 抗拉强度Rm/MPa 强屈比 屈标比 最大力总延伸率Agt/%
GB/T 1499.2—2018 ≥500 ≥630 ≥1.25 ≤1.30 ≥9.0
Φ12 mm 543 695 1.28 1.09 16.4
569 700 1.25 1.14 15.8
547 695 1.27 1.09 16.4
Φ25mm 525 672 1.26 1.05 16.3
520 671 1.25 1.04 17.2
520 671 1.27 1.04 16.2
), ArticleFig(id=1188503385264239295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049578323493732, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
规格 屈服强度ReL/MPa 抗拉强度Rm/MPa 强屈比 屈标比 最大力总延伸率Agt/%
GB/T 1499.2—2018 ≥500 ≥630 ≥1.25 ≤1.30 ≥9.0
Φ12 mm 543 700 1.29 1.09 16.8
543 700 1.29 1.09 16.5
547 700 1.28 1.09 17.4
Φ25 mm 520 690 1.32 1.04 15.8
520 690 1.32 1.04 16.0
525 690 1.31 1.05 16.9
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试验钢2力学性能及标准要求

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规格 屈服强度ReL/MPa 抗拉强度Rm/MPa 强屈比 屈标比 最大力总延伸率Agt/%
GB/T 1499.2—2018 ≥500 ≥630 ≥1.25 ≤1.30 ≥9.0
Φ12 mm 543 700 1.29 1.09 16.8
543 700 1.29 1.09 16.5
547 700 1.28 1.09 17.4
Φ25 mm 520 690 1.32 1.04 15.8
520 690 1.32 1.04 16.0
525 690 1.31 1.05 16.9
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铌钒复合高强屈比HRB500E钢筋生产技术开发
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黄飞 1 , 冯岩青 2 , 邢磊 3 , 杨飞 1 , 张浩 1 , 梁田 1
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2024,50(1): 70-74
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2024, 50(1): 70-74
铌钒复合高强屈比HRB500E钢筋生产技术开发
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黄飞1, 冯岩青2, 邢磊3, 杨飞1, 张浩1, 梁田1
作者信息
  • 1 乌海市包钢万腾钢铁有限责任公司,内蒙古 乌海 016000
  • 2 包头职业技术学院,内蒙古 包头 014030
  • 3 内蒙古科技大学,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 黄飞(1973-),男,重庆市人,高级工程师,现从事型材新产品研发及智能制造工作。

Production Technology Development for Niobium Vanadium Composite HRB500E Rebar with High Strength-to-yield Ratio
Fei Huang1, Yan-qing Feng2, Lei Xing3, Fei Yang1, Hao Zhang1, Tian Liang1
Affiliations
  • 1 Wuhai Baotou Steel Wanteng Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., Wuhai 016000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Baotou Vocational Technical College, Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 3 Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25
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国内厂家在生产HRB500E钢筋的过程中均存在强屈比偏低或者少量不合现象。文章对工业试制的铌钒复合钢筋和钒氮钢筋进行了对比试验,结果表明,采用铌钒复合工艺后,钢筋强屈比提高0.04,由于铌元素的存在,推迟了铁素体相变,珠光体含量增加了约10个百分点,使得钢筋抗拉强度提高;由于加入铌后,钒氮合金加入量相对减少,从而降低了钒氮合金析出强化、细晶强化效果,钢筋的屈服强度略有下降。实践表明,采用铌钒复合工艺后,钢筋的强屈比明显提高,HRB500E钢筋抗震性显著提高。

HRB500E抗震钢筋  /  铌钒合金化  /  强屈比

In the process of producing HRB500E rebar for domestic manufacturers, there are often low strength-to-yield ratio or a small amount of nonconformity. In this paper, the comparative experiment of niobium vanadium composite rebar and vanadium nitrogen rebar manufactured with industrial trial production is carried out. The results showed that the strength-to-yield ratio of rebar was increased by 0.03 with the niobium vanadium composite process, ferrite transformation was delayed due to presence of niobium, pearlite content was increased by about 10 percentage points so that tensile strength was increased; vanadium nitrogen alloy was relatively reduced due to the addition of niobium so that its precipitation strengthening and fine grain strengthening effects were reduced as well as yield strength of rebar was slightly decreased. The practices show that the strength-to-yield ratio of rebar and seismic resistance of HRB500E rebar are significantly improved with the niobium vanadium composite process.

HRB500E aseismic rebar  /  niobium vanadium alloying  /  strength-to-yield ratio
黄飞, 冯岩青, 邢磊, 杨飞, 张浩, 梁田. 铌钒复合高强屈比HRB500E钢筋生产技术开发. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (1) : 70 -74 .
Fei Huang, Yan-qing Feng, Lei Xing, Fei Yang, Hao Zhang, Tian Liang. Production Technology Development for Niobium Vanadium Composite HRB500E Rebar with High Strength-to-yield Ratio[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (1) : 70 -74 .
HRB500E钢筋是GB/T 1499.2—2018中强度级别最高的抗震钢筋,因其需要具备较高的屈服强度,同时兼具1.25以上的强屈比,是目前国标螺纹钢生产中强屈比控制难度最大的牌号[1]。2021年以来,随着西北地区市场对HRB500E抗震钢筋的需求增加,HRB500E钢筋开始批量生产,但在生产中出现了强屈比不合现象,从低成本和高强屈比两个方面综合考虑,企业在高强度HRB500E钢筋生产中调整了微合金化元素含量,通过降低原有的钒氮合金加入量,并加入超微量铌元素,实现了降低生产成本的同时,达到提高钢材强屈比的目的。
HRB500E钢筋的生产工艺路线:铁水预处理→120 t转炉冶炼→钢包微合金化→炉外处理→165 mm×165 mm方坯连铸→步进式加热炉→初轧、中轧、精轧控温连续轧制→倍尺剪切→步进式冷床→检验→包装→入库。
标准GB/T 1499.2—2018《钢筋混凝土用钢第2部分;热轧带肋钢筋》中HRB500E钢筋的化学成分和碳当量应符合表1,并根据各企业的实际情况,钢中还可以加入V、Nb、Ti等元素,不同国家的标准,对500 MPa级钢筋的化学成分和性能的规定也有差异。Ceq=ω(C)+ω(Mn)/6+[ω(Cr)+ω(V)+ω(Mo)]/5+[ω(Cu)+ω(Ni)]/15,力学性能要求见表2
试验钢牌号为HRB500E,执行标准GB/T 1499.2—2018,冶炼过程保证钒氮合金化,微铌+钒氮合金化方坯同浇次进行,工业试制一个浇次的前10炉采用钒氮合金化生产工艺,在精炼处加入钒氮合金,后面11至13炉采用微铌+钒氮合金化生产工艺,在精炼处加入少量铌铁和一定量的钒氮合金,设计成分见表3,其中取第9炉(试验钢1)和12炉(试验钢2)进行对比试验。铌钒复合微合金化钢的高温塑性低谷区范围在950~1 100 ℃[2],因此在生产过程中拉矫温度应尽量避开该区域。中包温度为1 500~1 550 ℃,试验钢连铸拉速为1.6~2.6 m/min,拉矫温度为830~930 ℃,试制过程中钢坯表面未出现裂纹和其他缺陷。试验钢1与试验钢2采用热装热送工艺,同时进入加热炉,同一班组进行轧制,以保证轧制过程参数的一致性。轧制规格为Φ12 mm、Φ25 mm,上冷床温度为890~910 ℃,钢筋表面无水锈。分析添加微量铌后钢筋性能变化情况,确定最优化学成分及生产工艺。
企业在2023年、2024年进行两次工业试制,熔炼成分符合设计目标,力学性能达到设计和标准要求,试验产品合格率为100%,试验结果见表4表5。试验钢1的平均屈服强度为537 MPa,平均抗拉强度为684 MPa,强屈比的平均值为1.26,屈标比平均值为1.08,最大力总伸长率Agt平均值为16.4。试验钢2平均屈服强度为533 MPa,平均抗拉强度为695 MPa,强屈比的平均值为1.30,屈标比平均值为1.07,最大力总伸长率Agt平均值为16.8。
从Φ12 mm规格的试验钢1上切取长度为20 mm的钢筋一块,试样编号为1#,从Φ12 mm规格的试验钢2上切取长度为20 mm的钢筋两块,试样编号分别为2#和3#。样品利用钼丝切割机切取15 mm×12 mm×10 mm的试验试样,再利用120#至800#砂纸从粗到细进行打磨。采用1.5 μm金刚石抛光剂抛光,利用4%硝酸酒精溶液腐蚀后观察显微组织,如图1所示。低倍结果表明钢筋组织均为铁素体+珠光体,晶粒度为10.0~11.0级,对同一区域进行局部放大,发现珠光体与铁素体含量有一定差别,加铌的试验钢2黑色的珠光体组织要略多于未加铌的试验钢1。
为了更加直观地观察铌的加入对两项组织占比的影响,进行了试验钢1和试验钢2的显微组织与硬度对比试验。试验钢在200倍下观察显微组织,利用ImageproJ软件进行数据处理,将珠光体组织添加为红色,铁素体组织添加为绿色,典型组织如图1所示。明显发现加铌后的2#、3#试验钢红色的珠光体含量增加,每个试样统计10个不同低倍视域,统计其铁素体和珠光体含量的变化,如图2所示。统计结果表明,试验钢1铁素体含量占67%,珠光体含量占33%,加铌后试验钢2的铁素体含量为56.5%,珠光体含量为43.5%,所以加入铌后HRB500E钢筋珠光体含量的占比增加了10.5个百分点。
对磨抛后的试验钢进行显微硬度测试,结果如图3所示,1#未加铌的试验钢1硬度(HV)为178,2#、3#加入铌的试验钢2硬度(HV)分别为199和201,因此加入铌的2#和3#试样硬度大于未加铌试验钢1#试样。试样钢的维氏硬度与珠光体含量占比相关,随着钢中珠光体含量增大,试验钢的维氏硬度增加,从金相分析可知试验钢2的珠光体占比高于试验钢1,因此试验钢2的硬度高于试验钢1。
钒微合金化在钢筋中可以起到细晶强化、固溶强化和析出强化的作用,当钢中氮含量在0.004 0%~0.007 0%情况下,钒主要以固溶的形式存在于钢中,仅有很少一部分的钒形成VCxNy析出;当钢中的氮含量在0.009 0%~0.015 0%时,由于氮和钒具有很强的亲和力,促进了VC、VN的析出,钒与氮形成VNy,随着钢中氮含量的增加还会促进碳氮化钒在奥氏体和铁素体界面的析出,有效阻止铁素体晶粒尺寸的长大,细化了铁素体晶粒,因此当钢筋中氮含量高时,钒在钢筋中起到的是析出强化和细晶强化作用。也就是说钢中氮含量低的情况下,钒微合金化的析出强化和细晶强化作用很弱,而析出强化和细晶强化对钢的屈服强度提高显著,对抗拉强度提高不明显,因此当钢中氮含量低的情况下,加入钒铁比加入钒氮合金对钢强屈比降低的程度要小,当钢中氮含量高时,析出强化和细晶强化作用随氮含量增加而逐渐增大,对强屈比降低的作用增强,降低了钢筋的抗震性。
铌主要通过细晶强化提高强度,钒主要是通过析出强化提高强度。铌钒复合微合金化兼有铌、钒氮微合金化的效果,即细晶强化和析出强化。钒氮合金中氮的加入提高了在轧制和冷却过程中碳氮化物析出强化能力,由于钢筋中的氮含量较高,微量铌表现出强烈的形成碳氮化物的倾向,夺走钒氮合金中的氮,形成NbCxNy析出物,其余的钒固溶和形成少量NbCxNy析出物。成品铌的收得率非常稳定,高达94%~96%。铌的熔点比较高,理论上加热温度在1 250 ℃仅能固溶0.03%的铌,固溶的铌可提高钢的再结晶温度,同时在轧制的过程中起到细晶强化的作用。未完全固溶的碳氮化铌在加热时可阻止奥氏体晶粒长大,在轧制时可以阻止奥氏体的再结晶,从而促进铁素体形核达到细晶强化的目的。实际生产时当钢坯加热温度低于1 250 ℃时,即便铌的加入量超过0.03%,由于实际固溶量小于0.03%,多加也无益。加入小于0.015%的铌,即加入少量的铌就可以起到细晶强化的作用,因此,为提高铌的固溶度,同时防止奥氏体晶粒粗化,确定钢坯加热的最佳温度范围为1 100~1 150 ℃[3],铌含量与屈服强度并非呈线性关系,因此需确定合理且有效的铌含量。由于市场钒氮合金价格和铌铁价格的波动,钢筋微合金化方式可以采用添加微量铌铁配合钒氮合金为主的设计思路。
采用铌钒复合工艺后,由于少量铌元素使CCT曲线向右移动,且铌元素具有推迟铁素体相变作用,可提高珠光体比例,使抗拉强度增加。同时,在实际生产中,考虑到合金成本,由于加入少量铌后,可以减少钒氮合金的加入量,从而降低了钒氮合金析出强化、细晶强化效果,屈服强度略有下降,因此拉大了屈服强度与抗拉强度的差值,钢的强屈比增加。通过金相组织观察及数据统计,表明加入铌后会增加HRB500E钢筋的珠光体含量约10个百分点,而铁素体含量降低。钢中铁素体含量越高,钢的强屈比越低,因此当钢中的铁素体含量减少时,也说明提高了钢筋的抗震性。
(1)采用铌钒复合工艺后,钢筋的抗拉强度略高于采用添加钒氮合金工艺的钢筋,屈服强度略低于采用添加钒氮合金工艺的钢筋,强屈比提高0.04,提高了高强钢筋的强屈比。
(2)铌钒微合金化钢筋通过加入铌元素可推迟铁素体相变,提高珠光体比例,使抗拉强度提高。当钒氮合金加入量适当减少时,降低了钒氮合金析出强化、细晶强化效果,使屈服强度下降。抗拉强度的增加和屈服强度的降低拉大了抗拉强度和屈服强度之间的差值,强屈比提高。
(3)金相组织表明加入铌后会增加HRB500E钢筋的珠光体含量约10个百分点,减少了铁素体含量。
参考文献 引证文献
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杜国权, 周大伟, 邱达全, 等. 钒铌复合微合金化抗震钢筋工艺研究[J]. 四川冶金, 2019, 41(1):32-35.
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王婷婷, 牟立君, 孙晓明, 等. 低成本铌钒复合微合金化抗震钢筋HRB400E生产实践[J]. 金属制品, 2020, 46(3):31-34.
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  • 接收时间:2023-12-01
  • 首发时间:2025-10-23
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
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    1 乌海市包钢万腾钢铁有限责任公司,内蒙古 乌海 016000
    2 包头职业技术学院,内蒙古 包头 014030
    3 内蒙古科技大学,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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