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The treatment of high-salt wastewater has always been a problem for production enterprises since its salt content is high as well as it is difficult to be treated and cannot be directly discharged into the environment. The harmless treatment of high-salt wastewater is achieved by combining such technologies as membrane treatment, ozonation and evaporation crystallization as well as the salt in water is concentrated into such crystalline salts as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. As a result, the treated water is for recycling circuit.

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高盐废水由于盐含量较高,难以处理且无法直接排到环境中,其处理一直是困扰生产企业的难题。通过膜处理技术、臭氧氧化、蒸发结晶等多种技术结合,实现对高盐废水的无害化处理,并将水体中的盐浓缩为氯化钠、硫酸钠等结晶盐,处理后的水循环回用。

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田颖(1971-),男,内蒙古锡林郭勒盟人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事节能环保相关工作。

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田颖(1971-),男,内蒙古锡林郭勒盟人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事节能环保相关工作。

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田颖(1971-),男,内蒙古锡林郭勒盟人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事节能环保相关工作。

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高盐废水处理技术
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田颖 1 , 胡海洋 1 , 王雨 2 , 赵璇 1
包钢科技 | 其他 2024,50(1): 91-94
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包钢科技 | 其他 2024, 50(1): 91-94
高盐废水处理技术
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田颖1, 胡海洋1, 王雨2, 赵璇1
作者信息
  • 1 包钢集团节能环保科技产业有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢环境科技有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 田颖(1971-),男,内蒙古锡林郭勒盟人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事节能环保相关工作。

Treatment Technology of High-salt Wastewater
Ying Tian1, Hai-yang Hu1, Yu Wang2, Xuan Zhao1
Affiliations
  • 1 Baotou Steel Group Energy Saving and Environmental Protection Technology Industry Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Environmental Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25
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高盐废水由于盐含量较高,难以处理且无法直接排到环境中,其处理一直是困扰生产企业的难题。通过膜处理技术、臭氧氧化、蒸发结晶等多种技术结合,实现对高盐废水的无害化处理,并将水体中的盐浓缩为氯化钠、硫酸钠等结晶盐,处理后的水循环回用。

高盐废水  /  废水回用  /  膜处理  /  蒸发结晶  /  除氟

The treatment of high-salt wastewater has always been a problem for production enterprises since its salt content is high as well as it is difficult to be treated and cannot be directly discharged into the environment. The harmless treatment of high-salt wastewater is achieved by combining such technologies as membrane treatment, ozonation and evaporation crystallization as well as the salt in water is concentrated into such crystalline salts as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. As a result, the treated water is for recycling circuit.

high-salt wastewater  /  wastewater reuse  /  membrane treatment  /  evaporation crystallization  /  defluorination
田颖, 胡海洋, 王雨, 赵璇. 高盐废水处理技术. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (1) : 91 -94 .
Ying Tian, Hai-yang Hu, Yu Wang, Xuan Zhao. Treatment Technology of High-salt Wastewater[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (1) : 91 -94 .
某钢企生产用水为黄河水,黄河水进入厂区后,经黄河水处理系统处理,达到厂区各厂的用水要求。制水及用水过程中产生的浓盐水、排泥水、烧结排水、焦化排水等生产排放的废水组成厂区主要的综合废水。其中烧结排水、焦化排水对水质影响最大,是造成外排水氨氮、化学需氧量(COD)超标的主要原因之一[1-3]。所有废水汇集后统一外排,导致外排水的盐含量及其他污染物含量较黄河水增加6~9倍。
为减轻黄河水污染情况,降低黄河负荷,根据水利部黄河水利委员会、黄河流域水资源保护局等单位相关文件要求,入黄废水COD、氨氮浓度严格执行低于31.4 mg/L、1.5 mg/L限值的要求,且对总盐量、氯化物、硫酸盐浓度做出具体要求,其中总盐量小于1 600 mg/L。基于此,为使高盐废水达到入黄排放要求,企业需对所产生废水进行进一步处理,以达到排放要求,尤其是总盐量的削减势在必行。
高盐废水处理项目改造前的污水处理系统无除盐单元,为使高盐废水达到入黄排放要求,须对系统中浓盐水进行处理,降低其影响。
经初期检测,废水中COD含量为43 mg/L,氟化物浓度为14 mg/L,电导率为6 960 μs/cm,硬度为2 281 mg/L,氨氮浓度为1.3 mg/L。根据标准要求限定值,高盐废水中的盐含量、钙镁等结垢离子、有机物、氟化物超标,急需对水中的上述物质进行处理。
原水具有水量大、盐含量高、钙镁等结垢离子含量高、有机物含量高、氟化物含量高的特点。水量大则需要在进入蒸发结晶系统之前考虑充分预浓缩,降低蒸发结晶系统投资以及运行成本;钙镁含量高易在膜浓缩及蒸发结晶阶段结垢[4];有机物含量高易造成膜系统有机污堵,也会对结晶盐品质造成一定影响;氟化物含量高不但易发生结垢污堵,还因其腐蚀性强对设备造成损坏[5]。因此,浓盐水预处理、浓缩工艺段中要重点考虑降低水中有机物、结垢离子、氟化物含量,以减少后续膜系统的污堵,提高废水的浓缩倍率,保证排废水系统产水和结晶盐的品质。
根据水质特殊性,为满足水质指标和结晶盐品质要求,选择处理流程为“预处理+臭氧催化氧化+膜处理+膜分盐处理+二次浓缩+蒸发结晶”,见图1
体系中的废水输送至原水均质调节、原水除氟澄清池,在絮凝剂、助凝剂、石灰、硫酸等药剂处理下,达到除氟澄清效果。出水进入软化澄清池,在石灰、碳酸钠等药剂作用下除硬、澄清后,进入V型滤池进行过滤,过滤后进入到原水清水池,经前置臭氧催化氧化去除部分有机污染物,通过原水清洗过滤器去除悬浮颗粒物,再进入原水超滤过滤装置进一步净化,最后通过反渗透处理,产水进入回用水池回用,浓水进入浓水均质调节池。
原水除氟澄清池、原水软化澄清池产生的污泥,经污泥泵提升至污泥处理装置进行脱水处理,脱水后产生的泥饼外运;污泥脱水产生的滤液通过重力自流至废水收集池1,废水收集池1的废水统一返回原水均质调节池;原水超滤系统反洗水排放至废水收集池1。流程见图2
原水反渗透系统产生的浓盐水进入浓水均质调节池贮存,下一步进入到浓水除氟沉淀池,在絮凝剂、石灰等药剂作用下使氟离子沉淀。出水进入到软化澄清池,二次除氟、除硬。再经过多介质过滤器过滤、后置臭氧催化氧化去除有机污染物后,进入浓水自清洗过滤器、浓水超滤装置,浓水超滤装置产水进入浓水超滤产水池。为防止后端膜浓缩系统结垢堵塞,对浓水超滤产水进一步除硬,将其送至弱酸阳床,调节pH后引进脱碳器吹脱部分CO2降低碱度。弱酸阳床出水加药过滤后,进入一级纳滤装置,产水进入到一级纳滤浓水池,浓水进入到高压纳滤装置,高压纳滤浓水进入到Na2SO4蒸发结晶系统。高压纳滤产水经一级纳滤产水池进入到二级纳滤系统。二级纳滤池浓水返回至多介质产水池去除有机污染物等杂质,二级纳滤池产水进入到二级反渗透系统进一步提高盐浓度。其产水进到回用水池,反渗透浓水进入到电渗析装置,提高总溶解固体(TDS),产生的浓水进入NaCl蒸发结晶装置,淡水回到浓水均质调节池,流程图见图3
预处理膜浓缩后的水量较小,且TDS接近饱和浓度,使用“蒸气机械再压缩技术(MVR)强制循环结晶”的处理工艺,通过大流量强制循环的结晶单元,结晶成NaCl结晶盐产品。由于进入蒸发结晶单元的水中含有少量其他杂质,且需满足NaCl结晶盐的产品纯度,因此在蒸发结晶过程中有少量母液外排,这部分母液需再进入一套蒸发结晶单元生产杂盐。
废水经过纳滤处理后得到纳滤浓水,水中主要以Na2SO4为主,还含有NaCl和少量其他杂质。预处理膜浓缩后的水量仍较大,且TDS远低于饱和浓度,由于Na2SO4对温度敏感,采用“MVR降膜浓缩+冷冻结晶+熔融结晶+FC强制循环结晶”处理工艺,先通过冷冻结晶法析出芒硝(Na2SO4·10H2O),芒硝经过离心分离后进入熔融结晶、FC强制循环结晶器蒸发结晶,得到无水硫酸钠晶体。流程图见图4
杂盐蒸发系统进料为NaCl结晶单元和Na2SO4结晶单元排出的母液混合液,富集大多数杂质,综合考虑杂质及浓盐水的波动情况,杂盐蒸发结晶器设计为单效强制循环蒸发结晶,避免因水质波动或溶液沸点变化而影响系统运行。见图4
该项目运行后,处理规模达350 m3/h,将废水净化处理为回用水,循环使用。通过对回用水指标检测,COD含量为3.1 mg/L,氟化物浓度为0.6 mg/L,电导率为353 μs/cm,硬度为3.2 mg/L,氨氮浓度为0.5 mg/L,回用水水质优于黄河水。浓盐水进行蒸发浓缩分离,将盐浓缩为NaCl、Na2SO4结晶。NaCl产量为0.5 t/h,且达到GB 5462—2015《工业盐》精制工业盐中工业干盐一级以上标准;Na2SO4产量为1.5 t/h,产品质量达到GB 6009—2014《工业无水硫酸钠》二类一等品以上标准;杂盐产量为0.35 t/h,实现高盐废水资源化。
高盐废水处理项目实施后废水减排量达到350 m3/h,处理后水全部回用,回用水水质优于黄河水。高盐废水中的盐全部回收,废水中的F-、Mg2+、Ca2+等结垢离子及有机污染物得到去除,并且处理后的废水可循环使用,无需外排至黄河流域,大大减少了黄河流域的负担。
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  • 接收时间:2023-11-21
  • 首发时间:2025-10-23
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-21
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    1 包钢集团节能环保科技产业有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢环境科技有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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