Article(id=1188049577815982942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)01-0079-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702137600000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761182692245, onlineDateStr=2025-10-23, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761182692245, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761182692245, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761182692245, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1188049574255018819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761182691396, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761290996781, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1188503840023265810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1188503840023265811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=79, endPage=83, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1188049577983755105, articleId=1188049577815982942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Transformation and Applications of Nitrogen Sealing for Patchhole of Oxygen Lance of Converter, columnId=1187100786392711543, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Equipment and Automation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, the sealing device for patchhole of oxygen lance is redesigned based on the infinite space submerged turbulent jet theory and characteristic test of dominant frequency of oscillation for double-hole jet aiming at such phenomena as spill over of flue gas and flare-up often occurred at nitrogen sealing at oxygen lance of gasification cooling flue for converter. The new nitrogen sealing device adopts the design of seal chamber and double row of inclined holes are set on nitrogen seal seat as well as the aperture and angle of inclined hole are reasonably designed combining with theoretical calculations. It is applied on new 1# converter of Steel-making Plant of Baotou Steel, in which the phenomenon of “smoking” in process of converting at oxygen lance as well as the frequency of cleaning and changing nitrogen seal cap for operators are reduced so that recovery amount of coal gas is improved. The engineering applications show that the modified sealing device is with such advantages as reasonable design, simple equipment and safe operations.

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文章针对转炉气化冷却烟道氧枪口氮气密封经常出现烟气外溢、火焰上窜等现象,采用无限空间淹没紊流射流理论及双孔射流的振荡主频特性试验对氧枪插入孔密封装置进行了重新设计。新氮封装置采用腔体密封设计,氮封座上设双排斜孔,结合理论计算,合理设计孔径及斜孔角度。新氮封装置应用于包钢炼钢厂新1#转炉,应用过程中减少了氧枪口吹炼过程中的“冒烟”现象,减少了操作人员清理和更换氮封帽频次,提高了煤气的回收量。工程应用表明改造后的密封装置具有设计合理、设备简单、运行安全等优点。

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周雅平(1989-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,工程师,现从事炼钢工艺设计工作。

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周雅平(1989-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,工程师,现从事炼钢工艺设计工作。

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周雅平(1989-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,工程师,现从事炼钢工艺设计工作。

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转炉氧枪插入孔氮气密封改造及应用
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周雅平 1 , 赵小龙 1 , 项晓梅 1 , 海英 2
包钢科技 | 设备与自动化 2024,50(1): 79-83
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包钢科技 | 设备与自动化 2024, 50(1): 79-83
转炉氧枪插入孔氮气密封改造及应用
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周雅平1, 赵小龙1, 项晓梅1, 海英2
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢集团设计研究院(有限公司),内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼钢厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 周雅平(1989-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,工程师,现从事炼钢工艺设计工作。

Transformation and Applications of Nitrogen Sealing for Patchhole of Oxygen Lance of Converter
Ya-ping Zhou1, Xiao-long Zhao1, Xiao-mei Xiang1, Ying Hai2
Affiliations
  • 1 Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Group Design & Research Institute (Co., Ltd.), Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Steel-making Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25
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文章针对转炉气化冷却烟道氧枪口氮气密封经常出现烟气外溢、火焰上窜等现象,采用无限空间淹没紊流射流理论及双孔射流的振荡主频特性试验对氧枪插入孔密封装置进行了重新设计。新氮封装置采用腔体密封设计,氮封座上设双排斜孔,结合理论计算,合理设计孔径及斜孔角度。新氮封装置应用于包钢炼钢厂新1#转炉,应用过程中减少了氧枪口吹炼过程中的“冒烟”现象,减少了操作人员清理和更换氮封帽频次,提高了煤气的回收量。工程应用表明改造后的密封装置具有设计合理、设备简单、运行安全等优点。

转炉  /  氧枪氮封  /  氮气

In this paper, the sealing device for patchhole of oxygen lance is redesigned based on the infinite space submerged turbulent jet theory and characteristic test of dominant frequency of oscillation for double-hole jet aiming at such phenomena as spill over of flue gas and flare-up often occurred at nitrogen sealing at oxygen lance of gasification cooling flue for converter. The new nitrogen sealing device adopts the design of seal chamber and double row of inclined holes are set on nitrogen seal seat as well as the aperture and angle of inclined hole are reasonably designed combining with theoretical calculations. It is applied on new 1# converter of Steel-making Plant of Baotou Steel, in which the phenomenon of “smoking” in process of converting at oxygen lance as well as the frequency of cleaning and changing nitrogen seal cap for operators are reduced so that recovery amount of coal gas is improved. The engineering applications show that the modified sealing device is with such advantages as reasonable design, simple equipment and safe operations.

converter  /  nitrogen sealing of oxygen lance  /  nitrogen
周雅平, 赵小龙, 项晓梅, 海英. 转炉氧枪插入孔氮气密封改造及应用. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (1) : 79 -83 .
Ya-ping Zhou, Xiao-long Zhao, Xiao-mei Xiang, Ying Hai. Transformation and Applications of Nitrogen Sealing for Patchhole of Oxygen Lance of Converter[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (1) : 79 -83 .
在全球二氧化碳排放对环境影响日益严重的情况下,钢铁行业是火电行业之外的碳排放第二大户,是我国做好“碳达峰、碳中和”未来减排改造的首选目标。提高转炉煤气回收量,利用转炉烟气高温显热,回收蒸气,可提高转炉负能炼钢水平,一定程度帮助钢铁企业降低成本,提高能源利用率,实现节能减排。转炉在吹炼过程中产生炉气,炉气中含有大量CO等有毒气体,尤其在吹炼中期,炉气中CO含量达到85%~90%的最高值[1],因此,在转炉吹炼过程中必须对氧枪口进行气封,以确保有毒气体没有外溢或只有微量外溢,提高煤气回收量,同时也起到防止火焰上窜的作用[2]
包钢炼钢厂按照国家及钢铁行业提出的“碳达峰、碳中和”发展要求,以及自治区提出的“能耗双控”的背景,在2023年对现有转炉进行扩容改造,新1#转炉工程容量由原来80 t扩容改造为100 t。原转炉采用氮气密封塞通气密封,因密封塞氮气孔堵塞、氮封座挂渣等原因,实际生产中存在烟气外溢、火焰上窜、煤气回收率低等现象,密封不良严重时,火焰可上窜到30 m以上,对氧枪升降小车轨道、循环水金属软管、供气软管等都造成了影响。
为了解决烟气外溢、火焰上窜等问题,重新设计了氧枪插入孔氮封装置,新设计氮封装置可以避免因氮气孔堵塞、氮封座挂渣等问题造成氮封失效、氮封不严的情况,在新1#转炉投产后运行良好,一定程度上解决了烟气外溢问题。
在炼钢生产过程中,如果氮封装置密封效果不好,高温烟气会从氧气插入孔窜出,窜出的火苗会点燃高跨可燃物,甚至烧坏升降小车设备,特别是高温烟气中的煤气大量逸出,对氧枪清渣人员带来严重的安全隐患。
原氮封装置主要分为两部分,氮封座设置在氧枪插入孔水套上方,外侧设有进气入口管道法兰,内侧设有6排氮封气孔,与氮封塞配合[3];氧枪上带有的氮封塞上设有与氮封座配合的氮封气孔,当氧枪下枪吹炼时,氮封塞与塞座配合,进行密封,在氮封塞处形成气体封堵,减少煤气外溢。原氮封装置结构如图1所示。
改进型氮封装置为腔体密封形式,氮封塞仅起到“封帽”作用。外侧设有进气入口管道法兰,主要密封装置设置在氮封座上,在氮封座内形成腔体,内测设有2排吹气孔,气孔为斜孔,与氧枪成一定角度,可在氧枪吹炼时形成一层气膜,隔绝火焰。改进型氮封装置结构如图2所示。
改进型氮封装置结构包括氮封塞支撑座、密封腔和氮封塞。氮封塞支撑座由筋板、钢板、外围板、底座上盖板、氮封底座内侧孔板等构成,氮封底座内侧孔板、底座连接板、氮封底座外侧板共同构成密封腔体。腔体内的氮气由双层氮气孔吹出,孔板成斜角,射流气体压力可达到0.6 MPa,并形成气封面,有效阻止烟道有毒气体及火焰外溢;密封腔与外部氮气管相连,腔体氮气进口在腔体的对称位置各设置一处,可使氮气以射流状态进入腔内。氮封塞为迷宫环结构,套在氧枪上,由上盖板、侧板构成,密封塞四周封闭结构与密封腔对接,起到密封作用。改进型氮封装置平面结构如图3所示,氮封孔结构布置如图4所示。
考虑到氮气从腔体内侧孔板射流时,流动空间很大,基本不受周围边壁的影响,氮气进口压力达到0.6 MPa,气体淹没射流的流态属于紊流,本次密封腔体孔分布设计依托无限空间淹没紊流射流理论进行计算[4]。射流的动量交换和卷吸作用是从外向内逐渐发展的,在距喷口断面距离较小的范围内,射流中心的气体还没来得及与周围气体相互作用,仍保持原喷口流速,这样会产生射流核心,核心区域边界正好在氧枪外壁,这样气封形成的气封面是稳定的。
腔体内侧孔板与氧枪外径安全距离设计直接影响氮封装置内孔板的开孔大小、斜孔角度,也会对氮气气封面直接产生影响。故根据氧枪直径,确定腔体内侧孔板与氧枪外径的安全距离,进而计算出孔直径、斜孔角度、孔到氧枪外边界辐射范围。改进型氮封装置腔体射流各尺寸参数如图5所示。
依据:
Sn=0.671 d 0 a
式中:Sn为核心段长度,腔体内侧与氧枪外径安全距离,m,已知数Sn=m;a为紊流系数,已知数,常数;d0为孔直径。
可得出d0= a m 0.671
依据:
tanα= R X=3.4a
式中:α为斜孔角度;RX为斜孔射流长度及对应长度下的扩散半径(RX图5中数),已知数;a为紊流系数,已知数,常数。
可得出a=arctan(3.4α)。
依据:
D d 0=6.8( a s d 0+0.147)
式中:d0为孔直径;a为紊流系数;s为孔出口至氧枪边界距离,n;已知数s=n;D为氧枪边界处扩散段直径。
由式(3)可得:D=6.8a(n+0.22 m)。
依据:
x=2arcsin D 2 R
式中:D为氧枪边界处扩散段直径;R氧枪半径,本次选用Φ245 mm氧枪。
可计算得出x
氮封装置腔体内侧双层或多层孔板设计,能更好的对转炉烟气起到密封作用,可以最小程度减少氮封“死区”,从而保证炼钢的正常生产。
依据:
y= π R 2 1 2 ( R - R ) 2 x S
式中:R为氧枪半径;R为腔体孔板半径;S为另外层数的面积,算法同第一层;x为内侧孔板环孔数量。
可得出y
采用密封腔内侧双层孔设计,以高压气体双孔射流震荡频率[5]试验数据为依据,结合Zhao等[6]针对蒸气双孔射流的振荡主频特性试验,分析孔间距和数量对振荡主频的影响,得出孔间距和数量对振荡主频的影响如图6所示。
密封腔使用的介质气体为氮气,氮气较蒸气更加稳定,工况下主频随孔间距的增加而增加,随孔数的增加而减小。结合氧枪边界处扩散段直径(D)辐射边界范围及内腔直段高度影响,选用双层孔分布设计。上述得出试验结果与理论计算结果一致。
在炼钢生产过程中,散装料下料系统和吹炼过程中均会产生大量的粉尘,原有氮封装置因设计不合理,经常堵塞,需要操作人员经常清理或更换氮封帽。炼钢厂新1#转炉高跨作业空间狭小,一定程度增加了工人作业强度,并因高温烟气中的煤气大量溢出,对氧枪清渣人员带来严重的安全隐患。新改进氮封装置实际生产过程中运行良好,有效地阻止了氧气插入孔窜出的火苗,一定程度保护了升降氧枪小车设备安全,并降低了氮气消耗,提高了煤气的回收量。另外氮气装置密封效果不好,会导致大量烟气从气化冷却烟道中溢出,造成煤气回收量降低,并增加厂房内三次除尘负担,对炼钢厂实现节能减排增加了一定的难度。
改造前氮气消耗量为282.6 m3/h,改造后氮气消耗量为135.6 m3/h,年节约氮气为546 685 m3。使用原氮封装置氮封帽更换频繁,改造后年节约氮封帽配件约25个。
本次改造后的氧枪氮封装置成功应用于包钢炼钢厂新1#转炉。改进型氮封装置投资小,易于实施,其结构合理,密封效果明显提高。降低了氮封环与氧枪的间隙,有效控制有害气体及粉尘溢出对环境的污染,防止现场工作人员煤气中毒,提高了煤气回收量,避免了能源浪费。目前,改造后氧枪氮封装置使用正常、稳定,经济效益明显。即便氮封塞与底座无法密封,也能起到氮封作用。
参考文献 引证文献
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  • 接收时间:2023-12-10
  • 首发时间:2025-10-23
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-10
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    1 内蒙古包钢集团设计研究院(有限公司),内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼钢厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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