Article(id=1188049576649962063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)01-0066-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699977600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761182691966, onlineDateStr=2025-10-23, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761182691966, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761182691966, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761182691966, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1188049574255018819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761182691396, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761290996781, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1188503840023265810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1188503840023265811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=65, endPage=69, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1188049577287496274, articleId=1188049576649962063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Production Process Optimization of High Speed Drawing ER70S-6 Welding Wire Steel, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The targeted optimization and improvement measures are proposed by summarizing and analyzing the existing quality problems of ER70S-6 welding wire steel. The emphasis is strictly controlling such key indicators as chemical composition range, gaseous nitrogen content, dimensional accuracy and microstructure of ER70S-6 welding wire steel. After tackling the problems, rates of reaching the standard for internal control of C, Si, Mn, and N contents are improved, class C accuracy of dimensional deviation is improved as well as abnormal duplex grain structure is eliminated. The drawing results of users showed that the quality of optimized welding wire steel were further improved, which could meet the requirements of high speed drawing with drawing speed of over 28 m/s.

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通过总结分析ER70S-6焊丝钢存在的质量问题,提出了有针对性的优化改进措施,重点对ER70S-6焊丝钢的化学成分范围、气体氮含量、尺寸精度、显微组织等关键指标严格控制,攻关后C、Si、Mn、N含量内控达标率提高,尺寸偏差C级精度得到改善,而且消除了混晶异常组织。用户拉拔使用结果表明,优化后的焊丝钢质量得到进一步的提高,可满足用户拉拔速度28 m/s以上高速拉拔的要求。

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赵晓敏(1986-),女,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

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赵晓敏(1986-),女,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

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赵晓敏(1986-),女,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

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高速拉拔ER70S-6焊丝钢生产工艺优化
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赵晓敏 1 , 罗海炯 2 , 王刚 1 , 李学东 1 , 白彬亨 2
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2024,50(1): 65-69
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2024, 50(1): 65-69
高速拉拔ER70S-6焊丝钢生产工艺优化
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赵晓敏1, 罗海炯2, 王刚1, 李学东1, 白彬亨2
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 赵晓敏(1986-),女,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

Production Process Optimization of High Speed Drawing ER70S-6 Welding Wire Steel
Xiao-min Zhao1, Hai-jiong Luo2, Gang Wang1, Xue-dong Li1, Bin-heng Bai2
Affiliations
  • 1 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Manufacturing Dept. of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25
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通过总结分析ER70S-6焊丝钢存在的质量问题,提出了有针对性的优化改进措施,重点对ER70S-6焊丝钢的化学成分范围、气体氮含量、尺寸精度、显微组织等关键指标严格控制,攻关后C、Si、Mn、N含量内控达标率提高,尺寸偏差C级精度得到改善,而且消除了混晶异常组织。用户拉拔使用结果表明,优化后的焊丝钢质量得到进一步的提高,可满足用户拉拔速度28 m/s以上高速拉拔的要求。

ER70S-6焊丝钢  /  氮含量  /  尺寸精度  /  高速拉拔

The targeted optimization and improvement measures are proposed by summarizing and analyzing the existing quality problems of ER70S-6 welding wire steel. The emphasis is strictly controlling such key indicators as chemical composition range, gaseous nitrogen content, dimensional accuracy and microstructure of ER70S-6 welding wire steel. After tackling the problems, rates of reaching the standard for internal control of C, Si, Mn, and N contents are improved, class C accuracy of dimensional deviation is improved as well as abnormal duplex grain structure is eliminated. The drawing results of users showed that the quality of optimized welding wire steel were further improved, which could meet the requirements of high speed drawing with drawing speed of over 28 m/s.

ER70S-6 welding wire steel  /  nitrogen content  /  dimensional accuracy  /  high speed drawing
赵晓敏, 罗海炯, 王刚, 李学东, 白彬亨. 高速拉拔ER70S-6焊丝钢生产工艺优化. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (1) : 65 -69 .
Xiao-min Zhao, Hai-jiong Luo, Gang Wang, Xue-dong Li, Bin-heng Bai. Production Process Optimization of High Speed Drawing ER70S-6 Welding Wire Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (1) : 65 -69 .
ER70S-6焊丝钢是二氧化碳气体保护手工焊、埋弧焊、半连续焊和自动焊接用的钢丝[1],它广泛使用于压力容器、电力、汽车以及各类机械制造业,国内该实芯焊丝消耗量已经达到450万t/年的水平,市场需求旺盛[2-4]
随着国内各行业的迅速发展,焊材制品行业也不断地向高质量、低成本、高效率、低碳环保的方向发展[5-6],目前焊丝钢拉拔已实现了Φ6.5 mm母材盘条一次拉拔至Φ1.2 mm、Φ1.0 mm和Φ0.8 mm,拉拔速度也提高到28 m/s以上,全连续拉拔线采用了更高效率的全连续拉拔+在线电化学镀铜工艺,随之带来的用户对ER70S-6焊丝钢质量要求越来越高。包钢为应对高拉拔速度的苛刻要求,对ER70S-6焊丝钢质量进行全面提高。本文通过分析包钢焊丝钢目前存在的问题,提出冶炼、轧制全工序精细控制,降低氮含量攻关以及产品尺寸精度提高等措施,满足了包钢焊丝钢高速连续拉拔的要求,保住了包钢焊丝钢的市场。
随机抽取一个季度的328炉焊丝钢,分析C、Si、Mn、N含量对屈服强度、抗拉强度、延伸率、面缩率的影响,发现C、Si、Mn元素在正常波动范围内,对屈服强度的影响无明显规律,也无明显的线性关系,如图1所示。从N含量对力学性能的影响分析发现,N含量大于0.005 0%时,屈服强度高值和面缩率低值出现的频次明显增多,如图2所示。
抽检包钢焊丝钢微观组织,发现部分钢材存在明显的混晶组织,如图3所示。有混晶组织的钢材,不好拉拔加工,较耗模具;存在混晶组织的钢材拉拔的钢丝性能不均匀,变形抗力、变形功、强度上升,冷顶锻性能下降;表面晶粒粗大的钢材,拉拔后表面粗糙,明显影响美观和下游用户电镀的表面质量。
包钢焊丝钢在镀铜前、后位置多发生抽芯笔尖断裂,断裂的规格多为Φ1.2 mm。取缺陷位置镶样分析其显微组织,产生的原因分为两类:①当显微组织为铁素体+珠光体形变组织(如图4所示),未见异常组织,分析此类缺陷是由于盘条N含量较高导致塑性差,在拉拔过程中芯部产生微裂纹,随着拉拔裂纹扩展最终导致断裂;②当显微组织为铁素体+贝氏体+少量珠光体,可见异常硬相不变形组织,焊丝钢基体硬度(HRB)为300~360,而硬相不变形组织硬度值(HRB)为468~559,同时取该炉盘条母材组织也发现存在硬相不变形组织(如图5所示),分析此类缺陷可能是由于冷却速度快,冷却速度快的位置是在出保温罩到集卷的位置,为了减少异常组织的出现严禁盘条在出保温罩处停留。
对不规则断口进行分析、观察,发现表面多处存在不同程度的外伤,取有外伤的拉拔材进行检验,发现显微组织正常,无异常硬相组织,但存在多条裂纹,裂纹随拉拔金属流变方向不一致(如图6所示)。裂纹可能在拉拔前就存在,初步判断此类缺陷是由于冶炼过程液位波动或盘条表面存在外伤造成的。
基于焊丝钢化学成分国标要求,为保证焊丝钢的力学性能,严格按照内控下限制定高速拉拔焊丝钢精炼命中范围和目标,要求C含量在0.06%~0.07%,Si含量在0.80%~0.86%,Mn含量在1.40%~1.46%,同时为了保证同批次产品的稳定性,规定了上下炉次之间的Si、Mn含量的波动偏差,Si含量上下炉次偏差不大于0.04%,Mn含量上下炉次偏差不大于0.03%。经过攻关后,统计了949炉焊丝钢,C含量达标率为98.3%,Si含量达标率为94.5%,Mn含量达标率为94.9%,化学成分控制满足设定要求。
所用物料必须干燥、无夹杂,使用专用废钢,加废钢量为10~20 t(可根据铁水Si含量及铁耗控制要求适当调整);铁水出铁量按照85~95 t控制(可根据铁水Si含量和铁钢比要求适当调整,但不允许小于85 t,以保证能正常进行脱硫扒渣),铁水入炉S含量不大于0.020%。对8月、9月、10月的入炉S含量进行统计,共统计619炉,仅有4炉入炉S含量不达标,占比为0.65%,减轻了精炼脱硫负担,缩短了精炼时间,为N含量达标奠定了基础。
精炼除尘全程处于微正压状态。精炼过程必须埋弧加热,控制好氩气搅拌强度,减少吸氮。不送电时,氩气调成软吹状态的氩气量。软吹过程严禁大翻裸露钢水。精炼白灰的使用量控制在2~4 kg/t,根据出钢S含量增减白灰使用量,化渣料使用萤石球。优化合金添加,精炼过程采用微低碳硅锰合金替代低碳锰铁合金增加锰。连铸开浇前使用氩气置换中包,时间不小于1 min。每炉钢大包长水口使用石棉碗并吹氩保护,以T型口不冒碳花为宜。中包内加足覆盖剂进行保温,不允许见亮,浸入式水口使用氩封环吹氩保护,防止吸氮[7-8]。经过攻关,N含量明显得到改善,攻关前N含量60%以上都超过0.005 0%目标要求,攻关后生产了949炉高速拉拔焊丝钢,只有27炉N含量超出0.005 0%,占比为2.85%,合格率为97.15%。
要求Φ6.5 mm盘条尺寸偏差C级精度控制大于80%,为此长材厂严格检查辊环轧槽、导卫等,精轧机组轧辊全部更换后,成品及成品前架辊使用时间不得超过5 h;仅更换成品及成品前辊时,要求两辊使用时间不得超过4 h;仅更换成品辊时,成品架辊使用时间不得超过3.5 h。粗、中轧保证微张力轧制,严格控制红坯尺寸。严控尺寸精度波动,要求Φ6.5 mm规格,尺寸控制在Φ6.35~Φ6.70 mm,虽然在B级精度范围,但要按照C级精度控制,对不圆度控制标准由原来不大于0.40 mm,加严至不大于0.35 mm,并规定达标率大于80%。尺寸控制超出公差要求范围,轧钢必须及时换辊、换槽;超出公差要求范围的盘卷判废处理。
攻关后盘条尺寸精度控制较好,随机抽取185卷盘条取样检测头、中、尾直径,最大值为6.632 mm,最小值为6.393 mm,不圆度超过0.35 mm的只有3卷,盘条尺寸精度明显优于攻关前。
精轧过程中轧件温升较快,轧件温度过高会造成盘条塑性恶化,成品组织异常。精轧道次间轧件要进行穿水冷却,温度过高会加大轧件表面与心部的温度梯度,造成轧件内部晶粒组织不均匀长大。因此,精轧过程中温度控制不合理,断面内各部位晶粒的不均匀长大情况加剧[9],是形成成品混晶组织的主要原因。为控制混晶组织,严格控制轧制温度,尤其是轧制温度的波动范围,攻关后混晶组织消除,无其他异常组织,晶粒度也无异常,如图7所示。
焊丝钢质量提高后,用户反馈拉拔效果较好,可以满足用户拉拔速度28 m/s高速拉拔要求,断丝率也明显降低。2023年6月攻关以来,未收到焊丝钢因拉拔断裂的质量抱怨。
(1)通过对焊丝钢化学成分波动范围的控制,规定了C、Si、Mn含量的精炼命中范围和目标,并规定了上下炉次之间的Si、Mn含量波动偏差,产品稳定性得到明显提高。
(2)对焊丝钢N含量进行了攻关,攻关后统计949炉焊丝钢的N含量,仅有27炉超出0.005 0%,占比为2.85%,合格率为97.15%。
(3)为了满足焊丝钢高拉拔速度的要求,对盘条尺寸精度进行攻关,攻关后明显优于攻关前。而且通过对轧制温度波动的控制,消除了盘条混晶组织。
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2024年第50卷第1期
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  • 接收时间:2023-11-15
  • 首发时间:2025-10-23
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-15
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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