Article(id=1188049576549303119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)01-0056-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1697558400000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761182691942, onlineDateStr=2025-10-23, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761182691942, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761182691942, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761182691942, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1188049574255018819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761182691396, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761290996781, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1188503840023265810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1188503840023265811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=56, endPage=59, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1188049576742241105, articleId=1188049576549303119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Analysis on Defect of Blackening during Stamping Process of Galvanized Fingerprint Resistant Plate of Baotou Steel, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

During the stamping process of components and parts of computer case, there is blackening phenomenon on the surface of galvanized fingerprint resistant plate of Baotou Steel so that the appearance quality after spraying by user is seriously affected. The microscopic morphology of galvanized plate after stamping is analyzed by microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) aiming at the defect. The results showed that the passivation film on the surface of galvanized plate of Baotou Steel dropped out during stamping process as well as the exposed Zn oxidized and turned black. It is effectively solved by adjusting film thickness and proportion of poly tetra fluoro ethylene in passivating liquid.

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包钢镀锌耐指纹板在冲压电脑机箱零部件过程中表面出现发黑现象,严重影响用户喷涂后的外观质量。针对此缺陷,利用显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)对镀锌板冲压后的微观形貌进行了分析。结果表明,包钢镀锌板在冲压过程中表面的钝化膜出现脱落,裸露的Zn发生氧化而变黑,通过调整膜厚及钝化液中的聚四氟乙烯的比例,有效的解决了冲压发黑缺陷。

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宋文钟(1984-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事镀锌产品开发等工作。

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宋文钟(1984-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事镀锌产品开发等工作。

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宋文钟(1984-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事镀锌产品开发等工作。

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区域 皮膜厚度
包钢冲压发黑区域 0.71
某钢厂冲压正常区域 1.03
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耐指纹皮膜厚度 μm

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区域 皮膜厚度
包钢冲压发黑区域 0.71
某钢厂冲压正常区域 1.03
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包钢镀锌耐指纹板冲压过程表面发黑缺陷分析
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宋文钟 , 刘妍 , 路璐 , 刘野 , 陈建华
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2024,50(1): 56-59
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2024, 50(1): 56-59
包钢镀锌耐指纹板冲压过程表面发黑缺陷分析
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宋文钟, 刘妍, 路璐, 刘野, 陈建华
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 宋文钟(1984-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事镀锌产品开发等工作。

Analysis on Defect of Blackening during Stamping Process of Galvanized Fingerprint Resistant Plate of Baotou Steel
Wen-zhong Song, Yan Liu, Lu Lu, Ye Liu, Jian-hua Chen
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25
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包钢镀锌耐指纹板在冲压电脑机箱零部件过程中表面出现发黑现象,严重影响用户喷涂后的外观质量。针对此缺陷,利用显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)对镀锌板冲压后的微观形貌进行了分析。结果表明,包钢镀锌板在冲压过程中表面的钝化膜出现脱落,裸露的Zn发生氧化而变黑,通过调整膜厚及钝化液中的聚四氟乙烯的比例,有效的解决了冲压发黑缺陷。

镀锌耐指纹板  /  发黑现象  /  扫描电镜(SEM)

During the stamping process of components and parts of computer case, there is blackening phenomenon on the surface of galvanized fingerprint resistant plate of Baotou Steel so that the appearance quality after spraying by user is seriously affected. The microscopic morphology of galvanized plate after stamping is analyzed by microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) aiming at the defect. The results showed that the passivation film on the surface of galvanized plate of Baotou Steel dropped out during stamping process as well as the exposed Zn oxidized and turned black. It is effectively solved by adjusting film thickness and proportion of poly tetra fluoro ethylene in passivating liquid.

galvanized fingerprint resistant plate  /  blackening phenomenon  /  scanning electron microscope (SEM)
宋文钟, 刘妍, 路璐, 刘野, 陈建华. 包钢镀锌耐指纹板冲压过程表面发黑缺陷分析. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (1) : 56 -59 .
Wen-zhong Song, Yan Liu, Lu Lu, Ye Liu, Jian-hua Chen. Analysis on Defect of Blackening during Stamping Process of Galvanized Fingerprint Resistant Plate of Baotou Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (1) : 56 -59 .
随着经济的不断发展,热镀锌耐指纹钢板因其具有优异的耐腐蚀性、耐指纹性、良好的涂装性以及低的动摩擦系数等优点[1],被广泛应用于电脑机箱中外覆盖件及内部裸用的结构件。
包钢镀锌耐指纹板在冲压电脑机箱及其零部件过程中因模具与带钢表面发生严重摩擦时,使冲压件表面产生发黑或有擦划伤缺陷的现象,这一缺陷严重影响零部件表面质量及冲压件的耐蚀性,满足不了用户使用要求。
近年来,随着高端家电产品的升级换代,镀锌耐指纹板的需求量呈现递增趋势,因此镀锌板的表面质量越来越引起更多人的重视,为解决热镀锌耐指纹板冲压后表面发黑缺陷,针对冲压后表面形貌开展了大量研究分析工作。本文将包钢产品与某钢厂产品进行对比分析,主要从带钢的厚度、皮膜的厚度、以及动摩擦系数等几个方面,开展一系列的对比研究,最终找出冲压发黑问题产生的原因[2],保证了产品稳定批量生产,合同订单量稳步提高,得到市场认可。
试验用热镀锌钢板牌号为DX51D+Z,厚度为0.7 mm,厚度偏差要求为-0.05~0 mm,镀层重量为80~100 g/m2,表面处理方式为耐指纹钝化+不涂油。钝化处理是带钢经过镀锌工序的辊涂系统来完成的。辊涂机的涂敷辊位于蘸料辊和带钢之间,将钝化液均匀地涂到带钢表面,形成一层均匀的皮膜。辊涂一般分为顺涂、逆涂两种涂镀方式,顺涂一般适用于三价铬钝化液,钝化膜层较薄,逆涂适用于无铬耐指纹液及普通无铬钝化液,钝化膜层相对较厚。另外,影响钝化膜的厚度因素还有辊速、辊压。
在生产过程中需结合出口带钢膜厚的检测,根据膜厚仪检测结果来调整涂覆辊压力及辊速,使其达到预期膜厚要求。
热镀锌卷板经过分条设备进行裁剪后运送至冲压厂进行连续冲压。冲压零部件为某品牌电脑机箱,冲压工艺为下料→拉延→切边冲孔→翻边→整形,然后经清洗烘干后进入喷涂工序。
镀锌产品DX51D+Z在冲压电脑机箱零部件时需经过多道次冲压成型,在冲压折弯过程中,试样受力折边部位肉眼可见摩擦发黑的现象,零件表面质量恶化,不能满足用户使用要求,如图1所示。
从变形位置可以推断在冲压过程中该部分受力较大,带钢在模具的凹模和凸模间发生变形,带钢表面涂覆的耐指纹皮膜发生脱落,导致该处光线反射减弱,肉眼看上去表现为发黑。初步分析为带钢表面耐指纹涂层动摩擦系数高、耐磨性不佳导致。图2为某钢厂冲压后零部件,试样在冲压成型后,其零件表面仍能保持冲压前的原有外观,表面无发黑现象。
将包钢生产的冲压后表面发黑部位试样在光学显微镜下观察,冲压发黑区域的显微组织形貌如图3所示。冲压折弯后镀层经模具的挤压变形,试样表面已无法观察到明显的镀层组织结晶结构,另外发黑区域表面出现明显的擦划伤。通过扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析,观察发黑区域能谱中含有C、Zn和O元素,说明黑色条状物为碳化物和氧化物,冲压过程中耐指纹皮膜出现破裂和堆积,降低了润滑效果,导致Zn发生了氧化,表面形成金属氧化物(ZnO),而某钢厂未发黑的区域为纯金属Zn[3]
某钢厂冲压件显微组织形貌如图4所示,显微镜下观察表面镀层结晶形貌保持完好,无擦划伤及皮膜破损情况。图5图6分别为包钢冲压发黑试样和某钢厂冲压不发黑试样扫描电镜形貌及能谱分析。
通过便携式膜厚仪检测带钢表面发黑钝化膜膜厚在0.71 μm左右,因电脑机箱零部件在冲压过程中需要经过多道工序冲压后才成型。因此膜厚越薄,在模具中耐磨性越差,不利于冲压。结合能谱分析,说明耐指纹膜在冲压过程中出现了明显的脱落现象。而某钢厂冲压正常试样的膜厚为1.03 μm左右(详见表1所示),与未发生冲压前的膜厚基本一致且膜厚均匀。这说明耐指纹涂层虽经过冲压但仍保持完好,具有优异的表面冲压特性,这主要是因为镀层表面耐指纹涂层润滑性能更优,可有效的减少带钢与模具间的摩擦阻力,提高了润滑性,改善了带钢表面质量。
带钢厚度越厚,在冲压过程中与磨具的间隙越小,增加了带钢与磨具间的磨擦力,容易破坏镀层表面皮膜。为了排查此次是否为厚度原因导致的冲压发黑,对包钢样板及某钢厂样板厚度分布进行测量,经测量包钢产品冲压发黑的基板厚度为0.685~0.690 mm,订单厚度为0.7 mm,某钢厂未发黑区域板材厚度为0.680~0.685 mm,厚度偏差基本一致,因此排除厚度与模具间隙导致的硬摩擦而产生的冲压发黑缺陷。
冲压后零件表面发黑主要是由于带钢在冲压过程中与模具发生挤压变形,带钢表面钝化膜遭到破坏,降低了带钢表面润滑性能,模具与带钢产生摩擦热使得裸露的锌层表面发生氧化,导致该处光线反射减弱,表现为肉眼观察为黑色。
镀锌钢板在冲压过程中出现沿模具运动方向的擦划伤缺陷,说明在此冲压工艺条件下,该钝化膜无法保护镀层和基板,需改善钝化膜的耐磨性。通过提高耐指纹钝化膜的厚度,同时与钝化液厂家沟通,提高钝化液聚四氟乙烯等物质的配比,可有效改善钝化膜的润滑性能。通过采取上述措施,冲压发黑现象得到解决[4]
(1)镀锌耐指纹板在冲压过程中出现的发黑现象,主要是经过多道工序冲压后表面的皮膜出现破损,导致Zn与模具接触,在模具与带钢摩擦产生热量的情况下发生了氧化变黑。
(2)冲压件在冲压过程中表面出现擦划伤现象,进一步证实了表面耐指纹膜无法保护镀层和基板,应改善皮膜的润滑性及耐磨性。通过提高钝化膜厚度以及调整钝化液聚四氟乙烯的比例可有效提高耐指纹膜的润滑性能和耐磨性能,消除了冲压发黑缺陷,产品合同量稳步提高。
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陈卓人, 魏毅静, 丁富连. 影响冲压过程中钢板摩擦行为的因素[J]. 宝钢技术, 2000(6):19-22.
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林彬, 赵波. 镀铝锌板冲压过程表面发黑原因分析[J]. 鞍钢技术, 2018(4):29-32.
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  • 接收时间:2023-10-18
  • 首发时间:2025-10-23
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-18
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    内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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