Article(id=1188049576343782223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)01-0095-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1700668800000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761182691894, onlineDateStr=2025-10-23, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761182691894, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761182691894, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761182691894, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1188049574255018819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761182691396, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761290996781, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1188503840023265810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1188503840023265811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049574255018819, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=95, endPage=98, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1188049576561886032, articleId=1188049576343782223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Removing Calcium and Magnesium Ions in Ammonium Sulfate Wastewater with Solvent Extraction Method, columnId=1187102804364640261, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Others, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to remove the calcium and magnesium ions in ammonium sulfate wastewater, ensure subsequent trouble-free operations of water treatment process, improve quality of ammonium sulfate solid and recover magnesium resource, the calcium and magnesium ions in ammonium sulfate wastewater are removed with solvent extraction method in experiment. The P204 and kerosene are used as extractant as well as pH value of ammonium sulfate wastewater and saponification degree of P204 are adjusted so that the step-by-step removal of calcium and magnesium ions in ammonium sulfate wastewater is realized. The data support for industrial applications of this method is provided by such experimental conditions as determining pH values of the solution and comparing.

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为了去除硫酸铵废水中的钙、镁离子,保证后续水处理工艺的顺行,提高硫酸铵固体的质量,回收镁资源,实验用溶剂萃取法去除硫酸铵废水中的钙、镁离子。使用P204和煤油作为萃取剂,调节硫酸铵废水pH值及P204的皂化度,实现硫酸铵废水中钙、镁的分步去除。通过确定溶液pH值、相比等实验条件,为此方法的产业化应用提供数据支撑。

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郑超(1987-),女,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事化学分析、检验工作。

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郑超(1987-),女,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事化学分析、检验工作。

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郑超(1987-),女,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事化学分析、检验工作。

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pH值 CaO浓度
/(g·L-1)
CaO去除率
/%
MgO浓度
/(g·L-1)
MgO去除率
/%
1 0.40 48.10 7.24 0.30
2 0.25 67.50 7.11 2.10
3 0.08 89.60 7.05 2.90
4 0.06 92.20 6.86 5.50
5 0.05 93.50 6.73 7.30
6 0.05 93.50 6.47 10.90
7 0.03 96.10 6.25 13.90
), ArticleFig(id=1188503351827251204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049576343782223, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

硫铵废水pH值对萃余液中钙、镁浓度的影响

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pH值 CaO浓度
/(g·L-1)
CaO去除率
/%
MgO浓度
/(g·L-1)
MgO去除率
/%
1 0.40 48.10 7.24 0.30
2 0.25 67.50 7.11 2.10
3 0.08 89.60 7.05 2.90
4 0.06 92.20 6.86 5.50
5 0.05 93.50 6.73 7.30
6 0.05 93.50 6.47 10.90
7 0.03 96.10 6.25 13.90
), ArticleFig(id=1188503351957274629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049576343782223, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相比
(O∶A)
CaO浓度
/(g·L-1)
CaO去除率
/%
MgO浓度
/(g·L-1)
MgO去除率
/%
1∶1 0.08 89.60 7.05 2.90
1∶2 0.08 89.60 7.09 2.30
1∶4 0.09 88.30 7.13 1.80
1∶6 0.10 87.00 7.14 1.70
1∶8 0.12 84.40 7.19 1.00
1∶10 0.15 80.50 7.25 0.10
), ArticleFig(id=1188503352057937926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049576343782223, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

相比对萃余液中钙、镁浓度的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相比
(O∶A)
CaO浓度
/(g·L-1)
CaO去除率
/%
MgO浓度
/(g·L-1)
MgO去除率
/%
1∶1 0.08 89.60 7.05 2.90
1∶2 0.08 89.60 7.09 2.30
1∶4 0.09 88.30 7.13 1.80
1∶6 0.10 87.00 7.14 1.70
1∶8 0.12 84.40 7.19 1.00
1∶10 0.15 80.50 7.25 0.10
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皂化度 MgO浓度/(g·L-1) MgO去除率/%
0 6.20 12.10
0.1 5.29 25.00
0.2 3.83 45.70
0.3 2.65 62.40
0.4 1.54 78.20
0.5 0.87 87.70
0.6 0.31 95.60
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P204皂化度对萃余液中镁浓度的影响

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皂化度 MgO浓度/(g·L-1) MgO去除率/%
0 6.20 12.10
0.1 5.29 25.00
0.2 3.83 45.70
0.3 2.65 62.40
0.4 1.54 78.20
0.5 0.87 87.70
0.6 0.31 95.60
), ArticleFig(id=1188503352313790473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049576343782223, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相比 MgO浓度/(g·L-1) MgO去除率/%
2∶1 0.34 95.20
1∶1 0.87 87.70
1∶1.5 2.53 64.10
1∶2 3.79 46.20
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相比对萃余液中镁浓度的影响

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相比 MgO浓度/(g·L-1) MgO去除率/%
2∶1 0.34 95.20
1∶1 0.87 87.70
1∶1.5 2.53 64.10
1∶2 3.79 46.20
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溶剂萃取法去除硫铵废水中钙镁的实验研究
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郑超 , 张文斌 , 徐占宇 , 刘文彬 , 刘磊 , 姚园林 , 郭雅君
包钢科技 | 其他 2024,50(1): 95-98
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包钢科技 | 其他 2024, 50(1): 95-98
溶剂萃取法去除硫铵废水中钙镁的实验研究
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郑超, 张文斌, 徐占宇, 刘文彬, 刘磊, 姚园林, 郭雅君
作者信息
  • 中国北方稀土冶炼分公司(华美公司),内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 郑超(1987-),女,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事化学分析、检验工作。

Experimental Study on Removing Calcium and Magnesium Ions in Ammonium Sulfate Wastewater with Solvent Extraction Method
Chao Zheng, Wen-bin Zhang, Zhan-yu Xu, Wen-bin Liu, Lei Liu, Yuan-lin Yao, Ya-jun Guo
Affiliations
  • Smelting Branch Co. of Northern Rare Earth High-tech Co., Ltd. (Huamei Co.), Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25
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为了去除硫酸铵废水中的钙、镁离子,保证后续水处理工艺的顺行,提高硫酸铵固体的质量,回收镁资源,实验用溶剂萃取法去除硫酸铵废水中的钙、镁离子。使用P204和煤油作为萃取剂,调节硫酸铵废水pH值及P204的皂化度,实现硫酸铵废水中钙、镁的分步去除。通过确定溶液pH值、相比等实验条件,为此方法的产业化应用提供数据支撑。

硫酸铵废水  /  溶剂萃取  /  钙离子  /  镁离子

In order to remove the calcium and magnesium ions in ammonium sulfate wastewater, ensure subsequent trouble-free operations of water treatment process, improve quality of ammonium sulfate solid and recover magnesium resource, the calcium and magnesium ions in ammonium sulfate wastewater are removed with solvent extraction method in experiment. The P204 and kerosene are used as extractant as well as pH value of ammonium sulfate wastewater and saponification degree of P204 are adjusted so that the step-by-step removal of calcium and magnesium ions in ammonium sulfate wastewater is realized. The data support for industrial applications of this method is provided by such experimental conditions as determining pH values of the solution and comparing.

ammonium sulfate wastewater  /  solvent extraction  /  calcium ion  /  magnesium ion
郑超, 张文斌, 徐占宇, 刘文彬, 刘磊, 姚园林, 郭雅君. 溶剂萃取法去除硫铵废水中钙镁的实验研究. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (1) : 95 -98 .
Chao Zheng, Wen-bin Zhang, Zhan-yu Xu, Wen-bin Liu, Lei Liu, Yuan-lin Yao, Ya-jun Guo. Experimental Study on Removing Calcium and Magnesium Ions in Ammonium Sulfate Wastewater with Solvent Extraction Method[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (1) : 95 -98 .
在稀土生产冶炼过程中转型工序会产生大量硫酸铵废水,硫酸铵废水中含有钙、镁等杂质,不仅影响硫酸铵的质量,还造成水处理设备结垢。目前硫酸铵废水的处理方式为草酸除钙后,通过蒸发、浓缩结晶为硫酸铵晶体。但是由于草酸除钙的延后效应,造成蒸发浓缩设备结垢,严重影响废水处理工序的顺行。而镁是10种常用有色金属之一,镁及其合金是迄今在工业应用最轻的金属材料,广泛应用于航空航天、导弹、汽车等行业。因此去除硫酸铵废水中钙、镁,回收其中镁资源有重要意义。
关于去除硫酸铵废水中钙、镁的方法已有一些研究,主要采用沉淀法、萃取法等进行分离。黎新、孙长顺等[1]以稀土酸法产生的硫酸铵废水为研究对象,采用分步沉淀法去除钙、镁,即在废水中先后加入草酸和磷酸盐,钙的去除率可达80%以上,镁的去除率可达90%以上。宋静、马莹等[2]以稀土酸法冶炼产生的硫酸铵废水为研究对象,P507有机浓度控制在1.5 mol/L,皂化率控制在45%~46%,相比控制在1~2的条件下进行萃取除钙、镁,钙、镁离子的去除率可达90%以上。李虎平、胡广寿等[3]以稀土酸法冶炼产生的硫酸镁废水为研究对象,P507有机浓度控制在1.5 mol/L,皂化率控制在30%,相比控制在1.0,常温下反应时间在3 min的条件下,钙离子的一级去除率可达80%以上,三级及以上逆流萃取可满足后续蒸发浓缩工序对钙离子的要求。
本文采用P204为萃取剂,通过调节P204的皂化度及硫酸铵废水pH值,实现钙、镁分步去除,得到钙、镁含量较低的硫酸铵废水和氯化镁溶液,回收镁资源,保证后续废水处理工艺的顺行,提高硫酸铵晶体的质量。
硫酸铵废水:取自转型生产线,(NH4)2SO4浓度为30 g/L;CaO浓度为0.77 g/L;MgO浓度为7.26 g/L;pH为3。
氨水:10 mol/L;盐酸:分析纯;P204:工业级;煤油:工业级。
振荡器;梨形分液漏斗;WH8401-52型电动搅拌机;DELTA320型电子式pH计等。
使用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪测定硫酸铵废水中钙、镁含量。利用酸碱中和反应,加入过量的盐酸中和已皂化的有机相,以酚酞作指示剂,用NaOH标准溶液滴定剩余的盐酸,测定P204皂化度。
P204是酸性磷型萃取剂,对金属离子的萃取机理为阳离子交换,金属离子与未皂化的P204的氢离子交换,造成水相pH值降低,影响萃取反应的进行,如果金属离子萃取要求的pH值较高,需要对P204进行皂化,保持水相酸度平衡,进而保持较高的萃取率。不同pH值下P204萃取金属的顺序如图1所示。在不同pH值范围下,萃取金属种类不同,当pH值在2.5左右,对钙离子有较高的萃取率。转型工序硫酸铵废水的pH值在3左右,钙浓度在0.5~0.8 g/L,此条件下可以与未皂化的P204进行萃取,能较好的去除钙离子。当pH值在6左右,对镁离子有较高的萃取率,通过调节除钙后硫酸铵废水pH在6左右,对P204进行皂化,可以实现对其中镁离子的有效去除,然后用盐酸反萃负载镁离子的P204,得到氯化镁溶液,实现镁资源的回收利用。
实验路线简图如图2所示。
除钙实验:取一定体积的硫酸铵废水与萃取剂P204置于梨形分液漏斗中,在振荡器中反应5 min,进行三级逆流萃取实验,分析萃余液中钙、镁浓度,计算钙、镁离子的去除率。
除镁实验:将除钙实验后的萃取液与皂化之后的P204置于梨形分液漏斗中,振荡器反应5 min,进行五级逆流萃取实验,分析萃取液中的镁含量,计算镁离子的去除率。
使用的萃取剂P204为酸性萃取剂,由其反应原理可知,溶液pH值是决定其萃取金属顺序的关键因素,P204萃取金属离子的顺序是Fe3+、Ca2+、Mn2+、Mg2+,有机相皂化是保持溶液pH值主要途径。同时,硫铵废水与有机相的相比直接影响到被萃取金属离子的去除效果。所以,在下面的除钙实验中考察硫铵废水pH值、硫铵废水与有机相相比对除钙效果的影响,在除镁实验中考察P204皂化度、硫铵废水与有机相相比对除镁效果的影响。
设定P204的有机浓度为1.5 mol/L,相比(O∶A)为1,用浓硫酸或氨水调节硫铵废水pH值,考察硫铵废水pH值对除钙效果的影响,实验结果见表1
表1数据可见,随着硫铵废水pH值升高,萃余液中钙浓度逐渐减小,钙的去除率增加,当pH值大于3时,钙离子浓度在0.1 g/L以下,钙的去除率达到85%以上,满足后续工序要求。随着pH值升高,萃余液中镁离子浓度也有所降低,镁离子去除率有所升高,但是镁离子浓度仍在较高范围内。所以,对于转型工序生产出的硫铵废水pH为3左右,可以满足其除钙要求。
设定P204的有机浓度为1.5 mol/L,硫铵废水pH值为3,考察相比对除钙效果的影响,实验结果见表2
表2数据可见,随着相比降低,萃余液中钙浓度增加,钙的去除率减小,当相比在1∶1~1∶6时,萃取液中钙离子浓度在0.1 g/L以下。当相比在1∶1~1∶10时,镁离子浓度始终较高,镁离子去除率不足3%。所以,综合除钙效果及生产成本,将相比定为1∶6,可以满足硫铵废水除钙要求。
硫铵废水除钙后,用氨水调节pH值后,其指标如下:(NH4)2SO4浓度为30 g/L;CaO浓度小于0.1 g/L;MgO浓度为7.05 g/L;pH为6.89。
设定P204的有机浓度为1.5 mol/L,相比(O∶A)为1,除钙后的硫铵废水与P204进行五级逆流实验,考察P204皂化度对硫铵废水除镁效果的影响,实验结果见表3
表3数据可见,随着皂化度的增加,萃余液中镁浓度逐渐降低,当皂化度为0.5时,萃余液中镁浓度降低到1 g/L以下,相应地,镁的去除率升高,当皂化度为0.6时,P204分相效果不好,已发生乳化现象。综合除镁效果、后续工序要求及分相效果,将皂化度选定为0.5。
设定P204的有机浓度为1.5 mol/L,有机相皂化度为0.5,除钙后的硫铵废水与P204进行五级逆流实验,考察相比对硫铵废水除镁效果的影响,实验结果见表4
表4数据可见,随着相比的降低,萃余液中镁浓度增加,镁离子去除率减小,当相比小于1∶1时,镁浓度大于1 g/L,用6 N盐酸在相比1∶1进行反萃,发现反萃液中MgO浓度为6.5 g/L,说明在P204有机浓度为1.5 mol/L、皂化度在0.5的条件下,P204负载MgO的浓度为6.5 g/L左右,所以,将相比选定为1。
(1)通过调节反应pH值及利用P204是否皂化,可以实现对硫铵废水中钙、镁离子分步去除,回收镁资源。
(2)硫铵废水除钙的工艺条件为P204不皂化,P204有机摩尔浓度为1.5 mol/L,相比为1∶6,硫铵废水的初始pH值为3,三级逆流萃取,钙的去除率为87.00%。
(3)硫铵废水除镁的工艺条件为P204有机摩尔浓度为1.5 mol/L,皂化度为0.5,相比为1∶1,五级逆流萃取,镁的去除率为87.70%。
(4)目前硫铵废水除钙已应用于生产实际,除钙率达到85%以上,钙离子指标满足后续废水处理工序要求。该实验将硫铵废水除钙工艺与除镁工艺结合,为稀土湿法冶炼过程中硫铵废水钙、镁离子的分步去除及成本控制具有一定指导意义。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
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黎新, 孙长顺, 赵建军, 等. 分步沉淀法去除稀土废水中钙镁的研究[J]. 水处理技术, 2016, 42(7):88-92.
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2024年第50卷第1期
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  • 接收时间:2023-11-23
  • 首发时间:2025-10-23
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-23
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    中国北方稀土冶炼分公司(华美公司),内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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