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The industrial production process of rare earth steel involves the problem of yield of rare earth and stable yield is the important guarantee for stable performances of rare earth steel products. The effects of addition of position, addition amount and composition of liquid steel (oxygen activity, sulfur content) on yield of rare earth for rare earth steel are studied by adding rare earth in ladle and sampling analysis of tundish. The results showed that the yield of rare earth was increased in turn by adding rare earth in ladle, tundish and crystallizer; the larger the addition amount of rare earth alloy before off-position of ladle furnace, the lower the yield; the higher the contents of oxygen and sulfur in liquid steel, the lower the yield of rare earth.

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稀土钢工业化生产过程中涉及稀土收得率问题,稳定的收得率是稀土钢产品性能稳定的重要保证。通过钢包添加稀土、中间包取样分析,研究了添加工位、添加量和钢液成分(氧活度、硫含量)对稀土钢稀土收得率的影响。结果表明,在钢包、中间包、结晶器添加稀土,稀土收得率依次提高;在LF钢包离位前添加稀土合金,添加量越大,收得率越低;钢液中氧、硫含量越高,稀土收得率越低。

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张晓峰(1989-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,高级工程师,现从事稀土钢研发、稀土夹杂物控制等研究工作。

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张晓峰(1989-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,高级工程师,现从事稀土钢研发、稀土夹杂物控制等研究工作。

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张晓峰(1989-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,高级工程师,现从事稀土钢研发、稀土夹杂物控制等研究工作。

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caption=稳定控制措施实施前后稀土收得率情况, figureFileSmall=6GJo5OWBmlnLmFTgp7Ghmg==, figureFileBig=ivNxN5o97S1b64Re0H8EJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1188503404901974178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049575265846090, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
C Si Mn P S Alt Ca Cr Ni V
0.18 0.14 1.20 0.014 0.007 0.042 0.001 7 0.02 0.02 0.005 5
), ArticleFig(id=1188503404994248871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049575265846090, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Q355B化学成分(质量分数) %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
C Si Mn P S Alt Ca Cr Ni V
0.18 0.14 1.20 0.014 0.007 0.042 0.001 7 0.02 0.02 0.005 5
), ArticleFig(id=1188503405082329256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049575265846090, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条件 氧活度 硫含量
条件1 0.000 3 0.003 0~0.006 0
条件2 0.000 7 0.018 0~0.025 0
条件3 0.004 0 0.011 0~0.015 0
), ArticleFig(id=1188503405145243818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049575265846090, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

下不同条件下氧活度、硫含量(质量分数) %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条件 氧活度 硫含量
条件1 0.000 3 0.003 0~0.006 0
条件2 0.000 7 0.018 0~0.025 0
条件3 0.004 0 0.011 0~0.015 0
), ArticleFig(id=1188503405220741292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049575265846090, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
C Si Mn P S Al
0.18 0.4 1.34 0.022 0.005 0.007
), ArticleFig(id=1188503405287850158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049575265846090, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Q355BV主要化学成分(质量分数) %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
C Si Mn P S Al
0.18 0.4 1.34 0.022 0.005 0.007
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稀土钢工业生产中稀土收得率影响因素分析
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张晓峰 1, 2 , 智建国 3 , 刁望才 1, 2 , 麻晓光 1, 2
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2024,50(1): 24-27
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2024, 50(1): 24-27
稀土钢工业生产中稀土收得率影响因素分析
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张晓峰1, 2, 智建国3, 刁望才1, 2, 麻晓光1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古自治区稀土钢产品研发企业重点实验室,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 3 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司总工室,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 张晓峰(1989-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,高级工程师,现从事稀土钢研发、稀土夹杂物控制等研究工作。

Analysis on Influencing Factors of Yield of Rare Earth in Industrial Production of Rare Earth Steel
Xiao-feng Zhang1, 2, Jian-guo Zhi3, Wang-cai Diao1, 2, Xiao-guang Ma1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Inner Mongolia Enterprise Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Steel Products Research & Development, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 3 Chief Engineer Office of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25
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稀土钢工业化生产过程中涉及稀土收得率问题,稳定的收得率是稀土钢产品性能稳定的重要保证。通过钢包添加稀土、中间包取样分析,研究了添加工位、添加量和钢液成分(氧活度、硫含量)对稀土钢稀土收得率的影响。结果表明,在钢包、中间包、结晶器添加稀土,稀土收得率依次提高;在LF钢包离位前添加稀土合金,添加量越大,收得率越低;钢液中氧、硫含量越高,稀土收得率越低。

添加工位  /  添加量  /  钢液成分  /  稀土收得率

The industrial production process of rare earth steel involves the problem of yield of rare earth and stable yield is the important guarantee for stable performances of rare earth steel products. The effects of addition of position, addition amount and composition of liquid steel (oxygen activity, sulfur content) on yield of rare earth for rare earth steel are studied by adding rare earth in ladle and sampling analysis of tundish. The results showed that the yield of rare earth was increased in turn by adding rare earth in ladle, tundish and crystallizer; the larger the addition amount of rare earth alloy before off-position of ladle furnace, the lower the yield; the higher the contents of oxygen and sulfur in liquid steel, the lower the yield of rare earth.

addition of position  /  addition amount  /  composition of liquid steel  /  yield of rare earth
张晓峰, 智建国, 刁望才, 麻晓光. 稀土钢工业生产中稀土收得率影响因素分析. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (1) : 24 -27 .
Xiao-feng Zhang, Jian-guo Zhi, Wang-cai Diao, Xiao-guang Ma. Analysis on Influencing Factors of Yield of Rare Earth in Industrial Production of Rare Earth Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (1) : 24 -27 .
当前稀土钢的研究已有大量的文献报道,钢中添加适量稀土具有细化晶粒[1-4]、改质夹杂物[5-7]和提高低温冲击韧性[8-9]及耐腐蚀性[10-11]等优点。稀土钢的实际应用前提条件是工业化生产,生产过程中涉及稀土收得率的稳定问题,因此研究稀土钢工业化生产中稀土收得率问题具有重要意义。
稀土可以和钢液中氧、硫等元素结合形成含稀土夹杂物上浮去除[12]。相关文献[13-16]报道了稀土加入钢液后具有脱氧、脱硫的作用。在工艺和钢液成分稳定条件下,另一个可能影响稀土收得率的因素就是稀土添加量。除此之外,稀土收得率稳定性是稀土钢研究的重要分支,稀土收得率稳定性和工艺稳定性、浇注钢种类别稳定性、稀土添加量稳定性、稀土添加时机等密不可分。在复杂工况下,稀土收得率波动较大,最终留存量变化也较大。
当前稀土收得率的研究相对较少,本文较完整介绍了采用连铸方式稀土收得率的影响因素及稀土收得率稳定控制措施。
在研究添加工位对稀土收得率的影响时,在钢包和中间包添加含铈(Ce)30%的铈铁合金,在结晶器采用稀土丝自动喂入,对产品实际稀土含量进行对比。在研究稀土添加量对稀土收得率的影响方面,采用BOF-LF-CC工艺在LF钢包离位前添加含铈30%的铈铁合金进行试验,钢种选择Q355B(典型成分见表1),添加量分别0.001 8%、0.005 4%和0.010 0%。在研究钢液氧活度、硫含量对稀土收得率的影响时,采用BOF-LF-CC工艺在LF钢包离位前添加含铈30%的铈铁合金,分别选择不同活度氧、硫含量的钢种进行试验(具体条件见表2),稀土添加量固定在0.002 0%至0.003 8%范围内,取中间包钢水稀土含量进行对比。在研究稀土收得率稳定方面,采用BOF-LF-CC工艺下的Q355BV钢种(典型成分见表3)进行对比。以上稀土含量的测定采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪,依据的标准为BJLH/ZYH—02—034。
稀土钢工业化试验可分为模铸模式和连铸模式,连铸模式主要以初炼-精炼-连铸设备为基础。本文研究了在钢包、中间包添加稀土合金和在结晶器喂稀土丝情况下稀土收得率,见图1
图1可以看出,随着稀土添加工位的后移,稀土收得率上升。结晶器添加稀土稀土收得率在90%~100%,中间包添加稀土稀土收得率在60%~70%,钢包添加稀土稀土收得率在40%~60%。过去也进行过在各工位喂稀土丝试验,规律保持一致[17]。添加稀土合金和喂稀土丝两者的结果没有可比性,但是从结晶器喂稀土丝结果可以看出,现在结晶器喂丝的稀土收得率更高,主要是现在钢液洁净度和稳定性都有大幅度提高所致。稀土添加工位对稀土收得率的影响主要受稀土夹杂物上浮时间影响,钢包添加稀土经历一定的钢包软吹时间、上铸机后的静置和浇注时间,而中间包添加稀土直接省略了钢包软吹时间和静置时间,结晶器喂入稀土丝工艺全部省略了以上时间,这是稀土收得率提高的主要原因。当前采用在钢包添加稀土合金的主要原因包括:①更有利于稀土元素在钢中均匀分布;②有利于形成大颗粒稀土夹杂物的上浮去除;③在连铸条件下,不容易堵塞水口;④包钢具有丰富的高纯稀土合金原料。这也是后续集中在钢包工位添加稀土的原因。
图2可以看出在BOF-LF-CC工艺下,在LF钢包离位前添加稀土合金,稀土收得率随着稀土添加量的增加而降低。在稀土添加量分别为0.001 8%、0.005 4%和0.010 0%时,稀土收得率分别约为53%、46%和40%。主要原因是随着稀土添加量的增加,吉布斯自由能驱动力增加,夹杂物生成量也会增加,夹杂物也会增大,这是析出夹杂物易于上浮去除的重要原因之一。
采用BOF-LF-CC工艺研究了不同氧活度、硫含量下的稀土收得率情况,其中稀土加入量固定在0.002 0%~0.003 8%之间。从图3中可以看出,随着氧活度、硫含量的增加,稀土收得率逐渐降低,分别在钢液氧活度为0.000 3%(硫含量为0.003%~0.006%)、氧活度为0.000 7%(硫含量为0.018%~0.025%)、氧活度为0.004 0%(硫含量为0.011%~0.015%)条件下,收得率分别约为55%、24%和1.5%。主要原因是钢液中氧活度、硫含量的增加,提高了钢中氧、硫和稀土结合生成夹杂物的驱动力,快速形成夹杂物并且上浮去除。
稀土收得率稳定控制关键在于各影响因素的稳定控制。在此,在BOF-LF-CC工艺条件下,在控制稀土添加量稳定(ω[Ce]=0.005 0%)、添加时机稳定(其他成分稳定后添加并且添加时机相同)和控制钢种稳定(选择Q355BV)的情况下进行了若干炉稀土添加试验。在此条件下与常规稀土添加稀土收得率进行对比分析。从图4中可以看出,与常规稀土合金添加相比,在上述实施稳定控制条件后,稀土收得率波动范围从10%~60%缩小至40%~60%。
关于稀土添加稳定控制问题,结合上述分析影响收得率的因素,在控制工艺稳定、钢液成分稳定和添加稀土合金时机稳定条件下,可以较为稳定控制稀土收得率,从而控制钢中稀土含量稳定,实现稀土钢性能的稳定。
(1)在钢包、中间包添加稀土合金,在结晶器喂稀土丝,稀土收得率随添加稀土添加工位后移依次提高。
(2)在BOF-LF-CC工艺下,稀土添加量越高,稀土收得率越低。
(3)钢液氧活度、硫含量越高,稀土收得率越低。
(4)通过稳定控制各个环节,可以提高稀土收得率的稳定性,实现钢中稀土含量稳定控制。以Q355BV为例,通过稳定控制后,在稀土合金添加量为0.005 0%条件下,稀土收得率波动范围从10%~60%缩小至40%~60%。
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  • 接收时间:2023-11-14
  • 首发时间:2025-10-23
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-14
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    1 内蒙古自治区稀土钢产品研发企业重点实验室,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
    3 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司总工室,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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