Article(id=1188049104581050617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049099627574244, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)02-0058-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708444800000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761182579417, onlineDateStr=2025-10-23, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761182579417, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761182579417, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761182579417, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1188049099627574244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761182578236, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761291001661, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1188503860504052243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049099627574244, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1188503860504052244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049099627574244, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=58, endPage=62, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1188049104799154432, articleId=1188049104581050617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Study on Microstructure and Properties of High-strength Anti-seismic Fire-resistant H Beam for Building Structure, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The effects of microstructure of high-strength anti-seismic fire-resistant H beam for building structure on its strength, toughness and high temperature strength are studied with such analysis means as TEM (transmission electron microscope), metallographic microscope and EBSD (electron back-scattered diffraction). The results showed that the controlled rolling and controlled cooling were not needed under the premise of reasonable chemical composition design, two-phase structure of air cooling bainite and ferrite for test steel after hot rolling was obtained. It is found by observing the microstructure after holding at 600 ℃ for 3 hours that there is nano-level interphase precipitates in ferrite and their line spacing is about 24~34 nm. For the hot rolled high-strength anti-seismic fire-resistant H beam for building structure, its yield strength≥500 MPa, elongation≥22%, yield ratio≤0.85, impact energy at -20 ℃≥34 J and yield strength after holding at 600 ℃ for 3 hours≥310 MPa.

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采用TEM、金相显微镜、EBSD等分析手段,研究建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢的微观组织对其强度、韧性及高温强度的影响。结果表明,在合理的化学成分设计前提下,不需要控轧控冷手段,热轧后试验钢获得空冷贝氏体和铁素体两相组织。观察600 ℃保温3小时后的组织发现,在铁素体内部有纳米级相间析出物存在,析出物的行间距约在24~34 nm之间。热轧建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢的屈服强度≥500 MPa,延伸率≥22%,屈强比≤0.85,-20 ℃冲击功≥34 J,600 ℃保温3小时后屈服强度≥310 MPa。

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宋振东(1982-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事特钢、型钢新产品开发工作。

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宋振东(1982-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事特钢、型钢新产品开发工作。

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宋振东(1982-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事特钢、型钢新产品开发工作。

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钢种 C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Cu V Nb Mo
BG460SWF ≤0.11 ≤0.30 ≤1.30 ≤0.010 ≤0.010 ≤0.40 ≤0.30 ≤0.40 ≤0.10 ≤0.06 ≤0.4
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建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢的化学成分(质量分数) %

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钢种 C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Cu V Nb Mo
BG460SWF ≤0.11 ≤0.30 ≤1.30 ≤0.010 ≤0.010 ≤0.40 ≤0.30 ≤0.40 ≤0.10 ≤0.06 ≤0.4
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编号 预热段温度/℃ 加热段温度/℃ 均热段温度/℃ 加热时间/h 开轧温度/℃
1 700 1 201 1 243 8.12 1 151
2 700 1 201 1 243 8.28 1 144
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加热轧制工艺

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编号 预热段温度/℃ 加热段温度/℃ 均热段温度/℃ 加热时间/h 开轧温度/℃
1 700 1 201 1 243 8.12 1 151
2 700 1 201 1 243 8.28 1 144
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编号 1道次温度/℃ 3道次温度/℃ 终轧温度/℃ 压缩比/% 轧制力/kN
1 965 962 820 90 3 000
2 1 007 989 880 90 3 000
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CCS轧制参数

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编号 1道次温度/℃ 3道次温度/℃ 终轧温度/℃ 压缩比/% 轧制力/kN
1 965 962 820 90 3 000
2 1 007 989 880 90 3 000
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编号 屈服强度/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 延伸率/% 屈强比 600 ℃高温屈服强度/MPa
1 547 788 22.5 0.69 321
2 581 850 22.5 0.68 324
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力学性能

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编号 屈服强度/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 延伸率/% 屈强比 600 ℃高温屈服强度/MPa
1 547 788 22.5 0.69 321
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编号 试样尺寸(宽×高×长)
/mm
冲击功(-20 ℃)
/J
1 7.5×10×55 70 54 71
2 7.5×10×55 75 73 61
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冲击性能

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编号 试样尺寸(宽×高×长)
/mm
冲击功(-20 ℃)
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建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢组织性能研究
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宋振东 1 , 王学敏 2 , 谢振家 2 , 王敏 1 , 惠治国 1 , 卜向东 1 , 祁祯 1
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2024,50(2): 58-62
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2024, 50(2): 58-62
建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢组织性能研究
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宋振东1, 王学敏2, 谢振家2, 王敏1, 惠治国1, 卜向东1, 祁祯1
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 北京科技大学,北京 100083
  • 宋振东(1982-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事特钢、型钢新产品开发工作。

Study on Microstructure and Properties of High-strength Anti-seismic Fire-resistant H Beam for Building Structure
Zhen-dong Song1, Xue-min Wang2, Zhen-jia Xie2, Min Wang1, Zhi-guo Hui1, Xiang-dong Bu1, Zhen Qi1
Affiliations
  • 1 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25
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采用TEM、金相显微镜、EBSD等分析手段,研究建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢的微观组织对其强度、韧性及高温强度的影响。结果表明,在合理的化学成分设计前提下,不需要控轧控冷手段,热轧后试验钢获得空冷贝氏体和铁素体两相组织。观察600 ℃保温3小时后的组织发现,在铁素体内部有纳米级相间析出物存在,析出物的行间距约在24~34 nm之间。热轧建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢的屈服强度≥500 MPa,延伸率≥22%,屈强比≤0.85,-20 ℃冲击功≥34 J,600 ℃保温3小时后屈服强度≥310 MPa。

高强  /  耐火  /  组织  /  性能

The effects of microstructure of high-strength anti-seismic fire-resistant H beam for building structure on its strength, toughness and high temperature strength are studied with such analysis means as TEM (transmission electron microscope), metallographic microscope and EBSD (electron back-scattered diffraction). The results showed that the controlled rolling and controlled cooling were not needed under the premise of reasonable chemical composition design, two-phase structure of air cooling bainite and ferrite for test steel after hot rolling was obtained. It is found by observing the microstructure after holding at 600 ℃ for 3 hours that there is nano-level interphase precipitates in ferrite and their line spacing is about 24~34 nm. For the hot rolled high-strength anti-seismic fire-resistant H beam for building structure, its yield strength≥500 MPa, elongation≥22%, yield ratio≤0.85, impact energy at -20 ℃≥34 J and yield strength after holding at 600 ℃ for 3 hours≥310 MPa.

high-strength  /  fire-resistant  /  microstructure  /  properties
宋振东, 王学敏, 谢振家, 王敏, 惠治国, 卜向东, 祁祯. 建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢组织性能研究. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (2) : 58 -62 .
Zhen-dong Song, Xue-min Wang, Zhen-jia Xie, Min Wang, Zhi-guo Hui, Xiang-dong Bu, Zhen Qi. Study on Microstructure and Properties of High-strength Anti-seismic Fire-resistant H Beam for Building Structure[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (2) : 58 -62 .
从20世纪60年代开始,在日本,钢结构逐渐在商业建筑、住房及其他建筑中采用,如今日本每年钢结构的建筑面积已经达到所有形式建筑面积的1/3以上[1-3]。发达国家的建筑钢结构用钢占比达30%,国内仅占5%~6%。发达国家的钢结构建筑发展比我国早,钢材强度等级应用水平远高于我国,德国柏林“索尼中心”、日本横滨“Landmark大厦”均采用了屈服强度690 MPa级钢板[4],日本新日铁住金研发中心大楼更是采用了屈服强度880 MPa级钢板。H型钢在钢结构建筑中通常作为建筑的梁和柱使用,相对焊接H型钢,热轧H型钢具有更高的可靠性、经济性并且能够提高劳动生产率,因此研发高强抗震耐火热轧H型钢对建筑结构用钢具有十分重要的意义。
我国建筑钢结构总量将每年以6%~7%的速度增长。钢结构产业属于成长型朝阳行业,发展前景很好[5]。建筑结构在向高层和大跨距方向发展,必须使用强度更高的钢材,以减轻结构重量及减少钢结构用材的厚度,降低建造成本,减少能源和矿产资源的消耗,同时提高其安全可靠性[6]。钢结构建筑的主要缺点是耐火性能较差,需要在钢结构表面覆盖大量的耐火材料,因此开发高强度、抗震、耐火等综合性能优异的热轧H型钢尤为关键。
采用100 t转炉冶炼,经LF和VD精炼后采用异型坯连铸,轧制成规格为H300×150的H型钢。建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢的化学成分设计思路主要包括以下两点:①通过Mo、Cr、Cu等合金元素“固溶”提高耐蚀性;②通过Mo、V、Ti、Nb等“纳米析出”提高耐火性。建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢化学成分见表1
其中提高耐火性关键技术为控制Mo、Nb、V、Ti碳化物均匀析出、相间析出及高温稳定性;通过组织控制,提高组织高温稳定性,实现耐火性能提高。
建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢拉伸形式为直板拉伸,用型号为WAW-600C的微机控制电液伺服万能试验机检验建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢的拉伸性能。高温拉伸试样为符合GB/T 228.2—2015标准的试样,用WDW-200C电子拉伸试验机在600 ℃保温3小时后测量高温屈服强度。冲击试样尺寸为7.5 mm×10 mm×55 mm,采用型号为NI750的冲击试验机来测量其-20 ℃的低温冲击韧性。建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢加热轧制工艺见表2。由于建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢含有较多的合金元素,加热时间较长有利于合金元素更好地扩散,起到固溶强化作用,来提高其强度。
建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢精轧机CCS轧制参数见表3,为了获得细小的晶粒度,要求终轧温度在轧钢设备允许的条件下尽可能低。
对轧制后的建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢按照GB/T 2975—2018标准取样,检验其力学性能和冲击性能,检验结果见表4表5
表4表5可以看出,建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢的屈服强度已经达到500 MPa以上,抗拉强度达到800 MPa左右,并且具有较低的屈强比,说明建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢具有良好的抗震性能。另外建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢的经过600 ℃保温3小时后屈服强度在310 MPa以上,表明建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢具有很好的高温强度,增加了钢结构发生火灾后的安全性能,解决了钢结构在火灾后强度急剧降低的缺点。根据表5低温冲击韧性检验结果可知,建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢在具有高强度和抗震性及高温稳定性同时,材料还有良好的低温韧性来保证建筑结构的抗冲击性能。
采用金相显微镜对轧后的高强抗震耐火H型钢的组织进行观察,金相组织照片见图1。由图1可以看出高强抗震耐火H型钢空冷的组织为贝氏体和铁素体两相组织,其中贝氏体组织占主导地位。
图1中可以看出,图1(a)相对于图1(b)铁素体组织较多,贝氏体组织较少,造成这一现象的主要原因是,由于H型钢断面较复杂,在实际冷却过程中,各部分的冷却速度不同导致组织中铁素体和贝氏体比例不一致。高强抗震耐火H型钢的铁素体组织很好地保证了材料的韧性及塑性,而贝氏体组织是高强抗震耐火H型钢强度及高温强度的重要保证。通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察高强抗震耐火H型钢电子背散射衍射(EBSD)照片如图2所示。
图2可知,高强抗震耐火H型钢的铁素体晶粒尺寸细小,经EBSD统计分析,晶粒尺寸为1.13~8.99 μm,通过细晶强化来保障高强抗震耐火H型钢的强度及韧性是材料具有高强度及韧性的关键因素之一。
利用透射电镜研究了热轧态高强抗震耐火H型钢在600 ℃高温下保温后铁素体中的纳米级析出相,如图3所示。热轧空冷后,铁素体中既有无规则析出相,也有界面析出相。
沿白色虚线箭头方向,析出物的行间距从24 nm增加到34 nm,析出物在铁素体内分布没有规律性。图3(a)观察结果表明,铁素体晶粒内界面析出相的排距不均匀;图3(b)EDS分析结果表明,这些析出物为(Ti,V)C复合碳化物。在奥氏体(γ)向铁素体(α)的转变过程中,存在一个相对低能的阶地γ/α面和一个相对高能的台阶γ/α面。高能台阶γ/α面在相变过程中移动过快,不利于碳化物的析出。而低能阶地γ/α面是不可移动的,碳化物在平面内析出。当透射电镜的电子束平行于析出台阶面时,可以观察到图3(a)成排排列的界面析出相。当钢在高温拉伸时,析出相阻碍了晶界滑移,位错密度增加,从而提高了钢的高温性能。
(1)在对高强抗震耐火H型钢化学成分精确设计的前提下,在空冷的情况下,高强抗震耐火H型钢屈服强度≥500 MPa,延伸率≥22%,屈强比≤0.85,-20 ℃冲击功≥34 J,600 ℃保温3小时后屈服强度≥310 MPa。
(2)在空冷的条件下,建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢的组织为贝氏体和铁素体。贝氏体组织可以有效的提高材料的强度及耐火性能,而铁素体组织是建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢具有良好的低温韧性的关键因素,在600 ℃保温3小时后铁素体有纳米级相(Ti,V)C复合碳化物析出,进一步增加了材料的耐火性能。
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  • 接收时间:2024-02-21
  • 首发时间:2025-10-23
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 北京科技大学,北京 100083
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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