Article(id=1188049102366458068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049099627574244, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)02-0013-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704988800000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761182578889, onlineDateStr=2025-10-23, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761182578889, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761182578889, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761182578889, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1188049099627574244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761182578236, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761291001661, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1188503860504052243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049099627574244, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1188503860504052244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049099627574244, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=13, endPage=16, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1188049102588756184, articleId=1188049102366458068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Production Practices on Improving Automatic Casting Ratio of Ladle, columnId=1187100781414069182, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, the production practices on improving automatic casting ratio of ladle are introduced as well as various improvement measures are proposed through deeply analyzing the factors influencing automatic casting of ladle combining with production practices. The practices showed that the automatic casting ratio of ladle could be increased to over 99.5% so that the goal of reducing unplanned products produced by cast billets with burning oxygen is achieved through improving the quality of stuffing sand, optimizing sand filling device, formulating plan of replacing nozzle, strictly controlling time of steel filling according to steel grade, preventing back flow of steel slag and shortening standing time of liquid steel.

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文章介绍了提高钢包自动开浇率生产实践,通过深入分析影响钢包自动开浇因素,并结合生产实践,提出了多项改进措施。实践表明,通过改进引流砂质量、优化灌砂装置、制定更换水口方案、分钢种严控盛钢时间、防止钢渣回流、缩短钢水静置时间等措施可提高钢包自动开浇率至99.5%以上,达到减少烧氧裸浇坯产生非计划品的目标。

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王俊刚(1976-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,高级工程师,现从事硅钢炼钢技术研究工作。

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王俊刚(1976-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,高级工程师,现从事硅钢炼钢技术研究工作。

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王俊刚(1976-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,高级工程师,现从事硅钢炼钢技术研究工作。

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Cr2O3 SiO2 MgO Fe2O3 Al2O3 CaO C H2O
36.85 19.21 7.62 21.39 11.02 0.3 0.98 0.11
), ArticleFig(id=1188503026986795471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049102366458068, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1号引流砂化学成分(质量分数) %

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Cr2O3 SiO2 MgO Fe2O3 Al2O3 CaO C H2O
36.85 19.21 7.62 21.39 11.02 0.3 0.98 0.11
), ArticleFig(id=1188503027087458770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049102366458068, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钢包盛钢时间
/min
总炉数
/炉
自动开浇炉数
/炉
自动开浇率
/%
<85 965 961 99.59
85~120 562 559 99.47
121~150 219 216 98.63
151~180 184 179 97.28
>180 37 33(1炉造成停浇) 89.19
合计 1 967 1 948 99.03
), ArticleFig(id=1188503027150373332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049102366458068, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

盛钢时间影响自动开浇率情况

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钢包盛钢时间
/min
总炉数
/炉
自动开浇炉数
/炉
自动开浇率
/%
<85 965 961 99.59
85~120 562 559 99.47
121~150 219 216 98.63
151~180 184 179 97.28
>180 37 33(1炉造成停浇) 89.19
合计 1 967 1 948 99.03
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Cr2O3 SiO2 MgO Fe2O3 Al2O3 CaO C H2O
36.84 9.82 7.7 21.56 17.85 0.3 0.98 0.11
), ArticleFig(id=1188503027381060058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049102366458068, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2号引流砂化学成分(质量分数) %

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Cr2O3 SiO2 MgO Fe2O3 Al2O3 CaO C H2O
36.84 9.82 7.7 21.56 17.85 0.3 0.98 0.11
), ArticleFig(id=1188503027473334748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1188049102366458068, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间 自动开浇率/%
优化前 98.78
优化后1个月 99.35
优化后2个月 99.58
优化后3个月 99.51
优化后4个月 99.78
优化后5个月 99.56
优化后6个月 99.73
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优化前后钢包自动开浇率对比

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时间 自动开浇率/%
优化前 98.78
优化后1个月 99.35
优化后2个月 99.58
优化后3个月 99.51
优化后4个月 99.78
优化后5个月 99.56
优化后6个月 99.73
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提高钢包自动开浇率生产实践
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王俊刚 1 , 李志成 2 , 徐涛 1 , 徐少华 2 , 郝娟娟 1 , 韩浩田 2 , 王洪松 2
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2024,50(2): 13-16
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2024, 50(2): 13-16
提高钢包自动开浇率生产实践
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王俊刚1, 李志成2, 徐涛1, 徐少华2, 郝娟娟1, 韩浩田2, 王洪松2
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司板材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 王俊刚(1976-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,高级工程师,现从事硅钢炼钢技术研究工作。

Production Practices on Improving Automatic Casting Ratio of Ladle
Jun-gang Wang1, Zhi-cheng Li2, Tao Xu1, Shao-hua Xu2, Juan-juan Hao1, Hao-tian Han2, Hong-song Wang2
Affiliations
  • 1 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Plate Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Steel Plate Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25
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文章介绍了提高钢包自动开浇率生产实践,通过深入分析影响钢包自动开浇因素,并结合生产实践,提出了多项改进措施。实践表明,通过改进引流砂质量、优化灌砂装置、制定更换水口方案、分钢种严控盛钢时间、防止钢渣回流、缩短钢水静置时间等措施可提高钢包自动开浇率至99.5%以上,达到减少烧氧裸浇坯产生非计划品的目标。

自动开浇率  /  钢包  /  引流砂  /  水口

In this paper, the production practices on improving automatic casting ratio of ladle are introduced as well as various improvement measures are proposed through deeply analyzing the factors influencing automatic casting of ladle combining with production practices. The practices showed that the automatic casting ratio of ladle could be increased to over 99.5% so that the goal of reducing unplanned products produced by cast billets with burning oxygen is achieved through improving the quality of stuffing sand, optimizing sand filling device, formulating plan of replacing nozzle, strictly controlling time of steel filling according to steel grade, preventing back flow of steel slag and shortening standing time of liquid steel.

automatic casting ratio  /  ladle  /  stuffing sand  /  nozzle
王俊刚, 李志成, 徐涛, 徐少华, 郝娟娟, 韩浩田, 王洪松. 提高钢包自动开浇率生产实践. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (2) : 13 -16 .
Jun-gang Wang, Zhi-cheng Li, Tao Xu, Shao-hua Xu, Juan-juan Hao, Hao-tian Han, Hong-song Wang. Production Practices on Improving Automatic Casting Ratio of Ladle[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (2) : 13 -16 .
包钢稀土钢板材厂有2套倒罐装置、3套KR脱硫装置、3座240 t顶底复吹转炉、3套炉后吹氩喂丝站、2座旋转电极式双工位LF精炼炉、2座三车五位式RH真空脱气装置、3座钢包倾翻装置、1台1 650 mm双流板坯连铸机、1台2 150 mm双流板坯连铸机,匹配2座4 150 m3高炉,向2 250 mm热轧生产线和2 030 mm冷轧生产线提供合格的板坯,主要生产管线钢、超低碳钢、汽车结构钢等产品。随着钢材市场竞争日益激烈,对铸机连续浇钢水平及钢水质量提出了更高的要求。钢液从钢包注入中间包过程中,自动开浇是实现铸流保护浇铸的关键,对钢水质量有显著影响[1]。通过对未自动开浇炉次分析,发现生产超低碳钢、钢包盛钢时间长、更换新水口、钢水静置时间长的钢包易出现不自动开浇。针对以上问题制定攻关措施,取得了良好的效果。
常见引流砂有镁橄榄石质、硅质、锆质和铬质引流砂四类。包钢稀土钢板材厂使用的是铬质引流砂,由铬铁矿和添加剂制成,熔点在1 730~1 750 ℃范围内,具有密度大、流动性好、熔点高、不过度烧结等优点。成分如表1所示,1号引流砂硅砂含量偏高。有研究表明,SiO2熔点高,当温度高于1 200 ℃时会因相变引起较大体积膨胀,导致引流砂与水口内壁的附着力增加,不利于开浇时引流砂自由下落,甚至出现架桥现象[2],钢水的静压力无法在拉开滑板的瞬间压破烧结层,无法达到自动开浇效果。因此,需要根据现场使用情况不断改进引流砂成分,满足现场生产需求。
灌砂作业是将适量引流砂准确灌入到座砖及上水口孔道内,使引流砂在座砖上部既可以呈蘑菇头状又不造成浪费,且保证引流砂在灌装过程中不出现偏析现象。通过跟踪现场操作,发现引流砂灌砂漏斗在下降至水口上方位置时距离不固定,摆动幅度过大,导致引流砂灌砂后达不到理想的蘑菇头形状。同时还有因生产事故导致连浇中断,钢包灌砂后转炉长时间不出钢,恢复正常生产节奏后,再使用的钢包极易出现不自动开浇现象。
经大量数据对比发现,钢包更换上水口后在使用改进后的引流砂后仍易出现不自动开浇现象,烧氧概率达到80%以上。初步分析认为更换水口需要使用耐火泥,而耐火泥主要成分为硅酸盐,需要使用大量保湿剂保持亲水性,所以钢包在安装新水口后,在水分挥发不完全的情况下易造成引流砂受潮,不自动开浇。
钢包盛钢时间为转炉出钢结束至铸机开浇时间,钢包盛钢时间对自动开浇率的影响如表2所示,钢包盛钢时间越长,钢包自动开浇率越低,甚至会出现烧氧停浇的事故。分析可知,钢包盛钢时间长导致钢水长时间与引流砂接触,影响引流砂烧结层状态,导致烧结层增厚,钢液静压力不能完全将引流砂烧结层压破,降低了钢包自动开浇率。
钢包在连铸浇注完毕后,需在翻渣区进行倒渣作业。由于经常性翻渣粘连形成罐沿,导致倾翻不完全,在包底残留少量钢液、钢渣。钢包热修作业中,若上水口内的残钢渣未清理干净,倾翻时间及角度不足,则灌入水口的引流砂与这些残钢渣粘结在一起,随着散热冷却,温度降低,最后形成了固态块状混合物,部分粘附在水口座砖表面及周围,会出现“回流”现象,导致钢包不自动开浇。
钢水静置时间指的是钢包吹氩精炼完毕到开浇时间。某钢厂实践表明,钢包完成搅拌到开浇时间在15 min以内时,自动开浇率大于98%,若超过25 min,自动开浇率会快速下降。搅拌使钢水稳定均匀,降低了水口座砖上的结壳厚度,但如果继续延长时间,则可造成钢水在引流砂中的渗透深度增加,并形成新的烧结层,降低自动开浇率[3]
结合现场使用1号引流砂自动开浇效果不好的情况,对引流砂成分进行了优化,降低了SiO2含量,适当提高了Al2O3含量,优化后的2号引流砂成分如表3所示。按照试验方案,在冶炼普通钢种的浇次最后1炉灌装2号引流砂,自动开浇后再选择在另一个浇次最后3炉灌装2号引流砂,最后在冶炼普通钢种整个浇次使用。冶炼普通钢种试验全浇次自动开浇率大于99.5%后,再在冶炼品种钢时按照上述方案逐步试验,如未达到目标自动开浇率,立即停止使用。多次试验结果表明2号引流砂在冶炼品种钢自动开浇率达到99.73%。
为了保证灌砂作业引流砂满足呈蘑菇状又不造成浪费,首先确定灌装引流砂重量,通过现场多次试验确定每次灌装60 kg引流砂,可在水口内填充饱满,上表面呈蘑菇状;其次把吊装灌砂漏斗的三根不锈钢链条找平固定,达到灌砂漏斗始终垂直于水口孔,在钢包水口孔上方200 mm处设置球斗分离点,操作人员在分离点处停顿,慢速下降,避免出现引流砂偏析现象,达到灌装后引流砂上表面呈蘑菇状;最后当出现生产中断后,钢包在热修位灌装完引流砂2 h内转炉计划不出钢时,重新灌装引流砂。
在充分考虑现场生产条件的基础上,制定以下生产方案。首先,实施热换钢包上水口的操作,确保生产流程的顺畅。其次,在钢包更换水口后,将其置于地面进行2 h的烘烤,以确保其达到适宜的工作温度;对于超时未使用的钢包,及时更换引流砂,并重新将其纳入周转使用计划,从而确保生产资源的最大化利用。当生产节奏紧张时,采取灵活的策略,在钢包更换水口后,迅速关闭旧滑板并暂时停用,同时快速将备用钢包投入生产,以替换正在接受烘烤的钢包,从而确保生产线的连续稳定运行。自该方案在现场实施以来,已成功消除了因更换水口而导致的烧氧。
按照不同工艺路径,将盛钢时间按照钢种分类,单独LF路径钢种控制盛钢时间小于110 min,LF炉加真空路径钢种控制盛钢时间小于150 min,单独真空路径钢种控制盛钢时间小于85 min。当盛钢时间大于240 min时需进行折罐处理,减少长时间盛钢带来的生产、质量风险。
铸机浇完后钢包在翻渣区翻渣要求无成流液态钢渣流出,热修前钢包在翻包机控渣时间要求不小于30 s。在翻包机引流砂灌装前要将水口座砖内残钢、残渣烧洗干净。控渣时将钢包倾翻到135°,灌砂前控渣时间不小于60 s,将钢包内残渣控干净,防止回流。同时在引流砂灌装前,灌砂操作人员要检查拍照,确认水口座砖内无异物,并立即灌装引流砂。
加强生产管理,稳定生产节奏,缩短钢水静置时间,减少因钢包底部的钢水温度降低,增加引流砂烧结层厚度的情况。所以钢包开浇前的静置时间控制在25 min以内,降低钢水静压力破壳的难度,减少钢包烧氧事故。
表4所示,通过实施上述措施,取得了显著的效果,钢包自动开浇率得到了明显提高,有效降低了炼钢生产成本,提高了生产效率。同时,优化后的引流砂具有更好的耐火性能和抗烧结能力,减少了对钢液二次氧化和污染,有利于纯净钢生产。
(1)通过降低SiO2含量,提高Al2O3含量,优化了2号引流砂成分,改善了引流效果,提高了引流砂耐火性能和抗烧结能力,为纯净钢的开发提供有力支持。规范灌砂作业和制定更换水口方案确保了生产过程的稳定性和连续性。
(2)通过分钢种严控盛钢时间和防止钢渣回流等措施,降低了生产风险,减少了因长时间盛钢和钢渣回流导致的质量问题。缩短钢水静置时间保证了钢水温度的稳定性,减少了因温度降低导致引流砂烧结层厚度增加的情况,从而降低了钢包烧氧事故的发生几率。
(3)通过采取优化引流砂成分、规范灌砂作业、制定更换水口方案、分钢种严控盛钢时间、防止钢渣回流以及缩短钢水静置时间等措施,将钢包自动开浇率提高至99.5%以上。提高了生产效率,降低了生产成本,减少了因烧氧裸浇坯产生的非计划品,进一步提高了产品质量。
参考文献 引证文献
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祝洪喜, 邓承继, 白晨. 钢包用引流材料的特性与控制参数[J]. 炼钢, 2008, 24(5):49-53.
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2024年第50卷第2期
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  • 接收时间:2024-01-12
  • 首发时间:2025-10-23
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-12
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司板材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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