Article(id=1188049100328023015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049099627574244, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)02-0010-03, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706889600000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761182578403, onlineDateStr=2025-10-23, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761182578403, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761182578403, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761182578403, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1188049099627574244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761182578236, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761291001661, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1188503860504052243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049099627574244, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1188503860504052244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1188049099627574244, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=10, endPage=12, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1188049100525155306, articleId=1188049100328023015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Practices on Blowing Out and Discharging Residual Liquid Iron for 7# Blast Furnace of Baotou Steel, columnId=1187100781414069182, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The old horse of 7# blast furnace of Baotou Steel is deeper. In order to shorten the project duration and reduce workload of removing residual slag iron in furnace hearth after blowing out, the mode of dropping stockline and discharging residual liquid iron is adopted. It is one of the most important links in blowing out operation of blast furnace to discharge residual liquid iron and its effect directly affects the clearance time of furnace hearth. In the paper, the process of discharging residual liquid iron for 7# blast furnace of Baotou Steel during blowing out is mainly introduced. The previous preparation work mainly includes such as activating furnace hearth, confirming position of residual liquid iron notch, calculating amount of residual liquid iron and making residual liquid iron runner. The cutting of shell of blast furnace and cooling stave, manufacture of mud sleeve for residual liquid iron notch as well as the whole process of discharging residual liquid iron after blowing out are introduced in detail. The process of discharging residual liquid iron of 7# blast furnace is safe and ordered. After blowing out, it is found that there is basically no residual iron in the furnace hearth when cleaning it, which indicates that the effect of discharging residual liquid iron this time is good and experiences are gathered for discharging residual liquid iron in future heavy and medium repairs of blast furnace.

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包钢7号高炉死铁层较深,为缩短工期,减少停炉后扒除炉缸残存渣铁工作量,采取降料线放残铁的停炉方式。放残铁是高炉停炉操作中最重要的环节之一,放残铁效果好坏直接影响炉缸清理时间。文章主要介绍了包钢7号高炉停炉放残铁流程。前期的准备工作包括活跃炉缸、确定残铁口位置、残铁量计算、残铁沟的制作等,对高炉停风后炉皮以及冷却壁的切割、残铁口泥套的制作以及整个残铁排放过程做了详细介绍。7号高炉放残铁过程实现了安全、有序,停炉后清理炉缸时发现炉缸内基本未见残铁,表明本次放残铁取得了良好的效果,为今后高炉大中修放残铁积累了经验。

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吴建光(1989-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,工程师,现从事高炉炼铁相关技术工作。

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吴建光(1989-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,工程师,现从事高炉炼铁相关技术工作。

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吴建光(1989-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,工程师,现从事高炉炼铁相关技术工作。

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tableContent=
编号 标高/m 温度1/℃ 温度2/℃ 温度3/℃
1 7.40 40 37 30.5
2 7.21 35 34 37
3 7.03 33 33 35
4 6.85 35 33.5 35.5
5 6.66 34 32.5 33
6 6.48 33 33 35.5
7 6.29 33 33 36
8 6.11 34 34 33.5
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炉皮温度测量记录表

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编号 标高/m 温度1/℃ 温度2/℃ 温度3/℃
1 7.40 40 37 30.5
2 7.21 35 34 37
3 7.03 33 33 35
4 6.85 35 33.5 35.5
5 6.66 34 32.5 33
6 6.48 33 33 35.5
7 6.29 33 33 36
8 6.11 34 34 33.5
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罐序 罐号 进罐时间 罐满时间 化学成分(质量分数)/%
Si Mn P S Ti
1 112 1:01 1:58 0.70 0.33 0.112 0.062 0.100
2 105 1:58 2:30 0.68 0.33 0.111 0.061 0.098
3 108 2:51 3:41 1.03 0.37 0.140 0.058 0.136
4 126 3:41 4:29 0.89 0.35 0.131 0.060 0.126
5 114 4:43 5:45 0.80 0.34 0.117 0.063 0.105
6 120 5:45 7:02 0.89 0.35 0.128 0.058 0.125
7 132 7:02 8:14 1.22 0.34 0.110 0.061 0.128
8 131 8:14 9:04 0.76 0.33 0.117 0.064 0.103
9 115 9:04 9:50 0.82 0.33 0.104 0.052 0.139
10 129 9:50 10:44 0.74 0.33 0.116 0.065 0.101
11 101 10:44 11:41 2.41 0.49 0.156 0.012 0.291
12 113 12:10 13:16
13 117 13:16 13:59
14 109 13:59 14:59
15 124 14:59 15:49
16 118 15:49 16:38
17 103 16:38 17:10
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残铁排放情况及化学成分

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罐序 罐号 进罐时间 罐满时间 化学成分(质量分数)/%
Si Mn P S Ti
1 112 1:01 1:58 0.70 0.33 0.112 0.062 0.100
2 105 1:58 2:30 0.68 0.33 0.111 0.061 0.098
3 108 2:51 3:41 1.03 0.37 0.140 0.058 0.136
4 126 3:41 4:29 0.89 0.35 0.131 0.060 0.126
5 114 4:43 5:45 0.80 0.34 0.117 0.063 0.105
6 120 5:45 7:02 0.89 0.35 0.128 0.058 0.125
7 132 7:02 8:14 1.22 0.34 0.110 0.061 0.128
8 131 8:14 9:04 0.76 0.33 0.117 0.064 0.103
9 115 9:04 9:50 0.82 0.33 0.104 0.052 0.139
10 129 9:50 10:44 0.74 0.33 0.116 0.065 0.101
11 101 10:44 11:41 2.41 0.49 0.156 0.012 0.291
12 113 12:10 13:16
13 117 13:16 13:59
14 109 13:59 14:59
15 124 14:59 15:49
16 118 15:49 16:38
17 103 16:38 17:10
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包钢7号高炉停炉放残铁实践
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吴建光 , 曲云玉 , 高瑞平 , 李瑞杰 , 刘耀
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2024,50(2): 10-12
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2024, 50(2): 10-12
包钢7号高炉停炉放残铁实践
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吴建光, 曲云玉, 高瑞平, 李瑞杰, 刘耀
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司炼铁厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 吴建光(1989-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,工程师,现从事高炉炼铁相关技术工作。

Practices on Blowing Out and Discharging Residual Liquid Iron for 7# Blast Furnace of Baotou Steel
Jian-guang Wu, Yun-yu Qu, Rui-ping Gao, Rui-jie Li, Yao Liu
Affiliations
  • Iron-making Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Steel Plate Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25
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包钢7号高炉死铁层较深,为缩短工期,减少停炉后扒除炉缸残存渣铁工作量,采取降料线放残铁的停炉方式。放残铁是高炉停炉操作中最重要的环节之一,放残铁效果好坏直接影响炉缸清理时间。文章主要介绍了包钢7号高炉停炉放残铁流程。前期的准备工作包括活跃炉缸、确定残铁口位置、残铁量计算、残铁沟的制作等,对高炉停风后炉皮以及冷却壁的切割、残铁口泥套的制作以及整个残铁排放过程做了详细介绍。7号高炉放残铁过程实现了安全、有序,停炉后清理炉缸时发现炉缸内基本未见残铁,表明本次放残铁取得了良好的效果,为今后高炉大中修放残铁积累了经验。

高炉  /  放残铁  /  炉缸

The old horse of 7# blast furnace of Baotou Steel is deeper. In order to shorten the project duration and reduce workload of removing residual slag iron in furnace hearth after blowing out, the mode of dropping stockline and discharging residual liquid iron is adopted. It is one of the most important links in blowing out operation of blast furnace to discharge residual liquid iron and its effect directly affects the clearance time of furnace hearth. In the paper, the process of discharging residual liquid iron for 7# blast furnace of Baotou Steel during blowing out is mainly introduced. The previous preparation work mainly includes such as activating furnace hearth, confirming position of residual liquid iron notch, calculating amount of residual liquid iron and making residual liquid iron runner. The cutting of shell of blast furnace and cooling stave, manufacture of mud sleeve for residual liquid iron notch as well as the whole process of discharging residual liquid iron after blowing out are introduced in detail. The process of discharging residual liquid iron of 7# blast furnace is safe and ordered. After blowing out, it is found that there is basically no residual iron in the furnace hearth when cleaning it, which indicates that the effect of discharging residual liquid iron this time is good and experiences are gathered for discharging residual liquid iron in future heavy and medium repairs of blast furnace.

blast furnace  /  discharge residual liquid iron  /  furnace hearth
吴建光, 曲云玉, 高瑞平, 李瑞杰, 刘耀. 包钢7号高炉停炉放残铁实践. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (2) : 10 -12 .
Jian-guang Wu, Yun-yu Qu, Rui-ping Gao, Rui-jie Li, Yao Liu. Practices on Blowing Out and Discharging Residual Liquid Iron for 7# Blast Furnace of Baotou Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (2) : 10 -12 .
包钢7号高炉于2014年5月27日投产,有效容积4 150 m3。7号高炉炉缸及炉底采用炭砖+陶瓷垫组合结构,炉底自上而下耐火材料依次为2层陶瓷垫、2层进口微孔炭砖、高导热炭砖、超高导石墨砖,侧壁由内而外依次为陶瓷杯壁、微孔炭砖(风口至铁口上)、超微孔炭砖(铁口区及下部)。炉缸死铁层深度为3.2 m。7号高炉截至2022年10月已经连续生产八年半,公司决定于2022年10月24日停炉中修。此次中修主要是炉腹、炉腰、炉身全部喷涂,炉缸浇筑,下降管及重力、旋风除尘器喷涂,槽下皮带超低排放改造,高炉槽下加湿机及外排插板阀改造,封罩焊口开裂处挖补并打筋板,大方盖根部盒子补焊,更换铜冷却板20块,煤气、空气换热器更换等。7号高炉于2022年10月24日5∶35停炉,25日0∶58顺利将残铁放出,17∶10放残铁结束,耗时16小时12分钟,整个停炉过程实现了安全、顺利、有序。
在降料线预休风前的炉况顺行状态以及炉缸活跃程度对降料线停炉操作顺利、安全至关重要。因此在停炉前要进行活跃炉缸工作,主要是稳定高炉操作,确保高炉炉况稳定顺行,杜绝炉况波动[1-2]。适时调整,精细化操作,以保证铁水温度、炉渣碱度、铁水硫含量等在活跃炉缸方针规定的控制范围内。在炉况稳定顺行、炉温充足、渣铁流动性良好的基础上要尽量维持较大的风量和较高的生铁产量。
7号高炉于10月20日开始调轻负荷,矿批由129 t逐步减小至123 t,矿焦比由4.26降低至4.06,同时矽石批重由0.8 t增加至1.5 t,降低炉渣碱度,尽可能用大风量来活跃炉缸,截止到休风前炉缸工作正常。停炉料装入前炉况整体稳定性及下料可,炉缸工作活跃,炉温充沛,碱度合适,渣铁流动性良好。
考虑到作业空间、残铁运输、除尘管道布置等多方面因素,最终将残铁口选择在1#、2#铁口之间,与热风主管角度约为72°。
残铁口位置的确定有计算法和测量法两种方法,考虑到测温点数据不全以及计算的准确性,且水冷炉底计算公式不完善,决定采用测量炉皮温度的方法来确定残铁口位置[3]。在不同标高的炉皮上焊接钢管套筒,将温度计插入套筒内部测量炉皮温度,测量数据如表1所示。
表1可以看出,炉皮温度在标高6.85 m处出现拐点,说明该处热量传递最大。为尽可能地放净残铁,同时考虑炉底陶瓷垫标高,最终将残铁口位置确定在标高为6.90 m、第52#冷却壁的位置。
根据经验公式可以进行残铁量计算。
T=π×K×D2/h×γ=3.14×0.35×15×15/4×3.2×7=1 385 t
式中:π为圆周率,取3.14;K为系数,一般为0.35~0.60,参考包钢炼铁厂残铁量计算取0.35;D为直径,7号高炉炉缸直径14 200 mm,考虑理论侵蚀,炉缸炭砖侵蚀厚度取400 mm,直径取15 000 mm;h为死铁层厚度,死铁层厚度取3 200 mm,残铁最低标高为6.9 m(残铁最低标高取炉缸上层陶瓷杯上沿,根据残铁口位置判断死铁层厚度为3 200 mm);γ为铁水密度,取7.0 t/m3
按照现有铁罐每罐装载量为70 t计算,需铁罐数量约为20个。
(1)提前制作残铁沟及放残铁平台,平台下沿标高为4.9 m(0 m标高为钢轨上沿)。残铁沟设计为钢结构砌砖+浇注料模式。残铁沟制作9段,残铁沟由9段拼接组成,并预留调节空间。平台铁沟两侧平台表面铺河沙,河沙上面立砌一层耐火砖。平台四周制作1 050 mm高的护栏,平台两侧设三部逃生走梯。
(2)准备高度为4.2 m的铁罐24个,由于所需铁罐较多,在铁罐对位时考虑2台牵引机车。铁罐用连接槽连接,安放连接槽时,要保证连接槽中心线与铁罐铁道方向上的中心线重合,并在铁罐上焊好固定挡块。
(3)将炉体冷却设备、风口全面检查完毕并处理,对重点部位加强维护。
(4)保证残铁平台下方干燥无水,在放残铁平台下方铺不低于10 cm厚的河沙,铁罐两侧叠成沙坝,防止残铁溢出残铁沟放炮伤人和烧坏铁罐。
(5)将所有放残铁所需的器具准备到位,如残铁口机、照明设备、涂层管、铁口泥套料、氧气、压缩空气等。
该过程主要包括切割炉皮、切割冷却壁、残铁口泥套制作等[4]
降料线停炉后首先对炉缸残铁口部位冷却壁停水、吹水,防止在切割炉皮过程中放炮伤人。随后按确定的残铁口位置使用氧气切割炉皮,切割尺寸为600 mm×800 mm。炉皮切割完成后清除冷却壁与炉皮之间的捣打料,露出冷却壁后测量冷却壁温度为175 ℃,低于方案中规定的220 ℃,由此作为继续切割冷却壁的依据。
炉皮切割完成并测温后开始切割冷却壁,按照方案要求先使用氧气烧一个Φ100 mm的孔,观察冷却壁后面耐火材料情况,发现耐火材料无粉化,继续切割冷却壁至600 mm×800 mm。冷却壁切割完成后再次对冷却壁后的耐火材料进行观察,耐火材料无粉化现象,开始制作残铁口泥套。
清理完炭砖和冷却壁之间的捣打料后开始制作残铁口泥套。在残铁口平台下方,用搅拌机将铁口泥套料搅拌好,用滑子吊运到残铁口平台,将搅拌好的泥套料运至残铁口处,将泥套料捣实,逐步将残铁口填满并捣实。在残铁口中心位置以及上方200 mm处分别放置Φ70 mm的木棒。要求残铁口泥套要压住炉皮和冷却壁,与炉内耐火材料接触严密,形成一个坚实的整体,然后用煤气火烤干烧透。
在确认所有工作准备就绪后,开始钻残铁口,用开口机以1°~2°的角度向上钻,钻至1.95 m时停止,随后用氧气管将残铁口烧开。整个放残铁过程中,指派专人看残铁口、铁罐以及铁罐的调配,确保放残铁过程安全,同时及时取残铁样化验成分。表2为残铁排放情况及残铁水化学成分。
7号高炉24日5∶35停风后随即转入放残铁进程,按照停炉计划24日18∶00具备放残铁条件,由于大高炉炉皮和冷却壁厚度较大,切割炉皮及冷却壁耗时较长,最终于25日0∶58顺利将残铁放出,17∶10放残铁结束,耗时16小时12分钟。
降料面前必须进行活跃炉缸操作,保证高炉炉缸热量储备充足,渣铁流动性良好。从放残铁过程来看,前期的准备工作至关重要,充分的准备工作为残铁的顺利排放奠定了基础。从停炉后清理炉缸过程看,陶瓷垫上未见明显渣铁残留,说明残铁口位置选择得当,放残铁工作达到了预期效果,为高炉中修赢得了宝贵的时间。
参考文献 引证文献
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丁英杰, 杨军昌. 长钢8号高炉大修放残铁实践[J]. 山西冶金, 2012, 35(3):24-26.
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2024年第50卷第2期
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  • 接收时间:2024-02-03
  • 首发时间:2025-10-23
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-03
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    内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司炼铁厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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