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Article(id=1187669717872423091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187669711266394222, articleNumber=1009-5438(2025)02-0072-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730822400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761092126577, onlineDateStr=2025-10-22, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761092126577, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761092126577, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761092126577, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1187669711266394222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2025', volume='51', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761092125001, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761096958502, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1187689984480915467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187669711266394222, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1187689984480915468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187669711266394222, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=72, endPage=76, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187669718056972472, articleId=1187669717872423091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Design of Monitoring System for Flammable Gas in Smelting and Rolling Laboratory, columnId=1187100786392711543, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Equipment and Automation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The heating in smelting and rolling laboratory is with natural gas radiation as well as the CO generated by natural gas leakage and incomplete combustion can lead to such accidents as fires and explosions very easily. In the article, a wireless and low-cost detection system of flammable gas is developed, which is with the STM32F103 series single chip computer as main control system. The concentrations of methane and CO in workshop are monitored with MQ-2 and MQ-7 gas sensors, temperature and humidity in workshop are monitored with SHT30 sensor of temperature and humidity as well as the data collected by sensors is transmitted to mobile terminal with Bluetooth module. The data processing and analysis are realized with mobile terminal and Android operating system, which could meet the requirements of monitoring flammable gas used in smelting and rolling laboratory.

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冶轧实验室采用天然气辐射采暖,天然气泄漏和不完全燃烧产生的CO极易导致火灾和爆炸等安全事故。文章开发了一款无线、低成本的易燃气体检测系统,该监测系统以STM32F103系列单片机作为主控系统,使用MQ-2和MQ-7气体传感器监测车间内的甲烷和CO浓度,使用SHT30温度、湿度传感器监测车间内的温度、湿度,使用Bluetooth蓝牙模块将传感器采集的数据传输至手机端。手机端搭载Android操作系统,实现对数据的处理和分析,满足了冶轧实验室对使用易燃气体进行监测的要求。

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孙梦晨(1987-),女,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事电气自动化工作。

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孙梦晨(1987-),女,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事电气自动化工作。

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孙梦晨(1987-),女,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事电气自动化工作。

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序号 模块名称/型号 模块功能
1 ARM
STM32F103C8T6		 主控模块,数据运算,控制其他模块
2 SHT30 温度、湿度检测
3 MQ-2 甲烷气体检测
4 MQ-7 CO气体检测
5 Bluetooth/HC-06 无线通信,数据传输
6 LM2596 电源降压/稳压
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硬件模块信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 模块名称/型号 模块功能
1 ARM
STM32F103C8T6		 主控模块,数据运算,控制其他模块
2 SHT30 温度、湿度检测
3 MQ-2 甲烷气体检测
4 MQ-7 CO气体检测
5 Bluetooth/HC-06 无线通信,数据传输
6 LM2596 电源降压/稳压
), ArticleFig(id=1187826973859529441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187669717872423091, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设定浓度 实测值 差值
0 0 0
1.00 1.01 0.01
2.00 1.97 -0.03
3.00 3.04 0.04
4.00 4.00 0
5.00 4.87 -0.13
6.00 5.56 -0.44
7.00 6.25 -0.75
8.00 7.20 -0.8
9.00 8.19 -0.81
10.00 10.79 0.79
11.00 11.21 0.21
12.00 12.15 0.15
15.00 14.98 -0.02
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甲烷气体检测数据(体积分数) %

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设定浓度 实测值 差值
0 0 0
1.00 1.01 0.01
2.00 1.97 -0.03
3.00 3.04 0.04
4.00 4.00 0
5.00 4.87 -0.13
6.00 5.56 -0.44
7.00 6.25 -0.75
8.00 7.20 -0.8
9.00 8.19 -0.81
10.00 10.79 0.79
11.00 11.21 0.21
12.00 12.15 0.15
15.00 14.98 -0.02
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冶轧实验室易燃气体监测系统设计
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孙梦晨 1 , 马晨虹 2 , 王敏 1 , 苏建华 3 , 赵伟 4 , 乔通 1
包钢科技 | 设备与自动化 2025,51(2): 72-76
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包钢科技 | 设备与自动化 2025, 51(2): 72-76
冶轧实验室易燃气体监测系统设计
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孙梦晨1, 马晨虹2, 王敏1, 苏建华3, 赵伟4, 乔通1
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司工程服务公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 3 内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司稀土钢板材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 4 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司动供总厂,内蒙古 包头 014010

    • 孙梦晨(1987-),女,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事电气自动化工作。

Design of Monitoring System for Flammable Gas in Smelting and Rolling Laboratory
Mengchen Sun1, Chenhong Ma2, Min Wang1, Jianhua Su3, Wei Zhao4, Tong Qiao1
Affiliations
  • 1 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Engineering Service Co. of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 3 Rare Earth Steel Plate Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Steel Plate Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 4 Power Supply General Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25
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摘要
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冶轧实验室采用天然气辐射采暖,天然气泄漏和不完全燃烧产生的CO极易导致火灾和爆炸等安全事故。文章开发了一款无线、低成本的易燃气体检测系统,该监测系统以STM32F103系列单片机作为主控系统,使用MQ-2和MQ-7气体传感器监测车间内的甲烷和CO浓度,使用SHT30温度、湿度传感器监测车间内的温度、湿度,使用Bluetooth蓝牙模块将传感器采集的数据传输至手机端。手机端搭载Android操作系统,实现对数据的处理和分析,满足了冶轧实验室对使用易燃气体进行监测的要求。

易燃气体  /  监测  /  Bluetooth通信

The heating in smelting and rolling laboratory is with natural gas radiation as well as the CO generated by natural gas leakage and incomplete combustion can lead to such accidents as fires and explosions very easily. In the article, a wireless and low-cost detection system of flammable gas is developed, which is with the STM32F103 series single chip computer as main control system. The concentrations of methane and CO in workshop are monitored with MQ-2 and MQ-7 gas sensors, temperature and humidity in workshop are monitored with SHT30 sensor of temperature and humidity as well as the data collected by sensors is transmitted to mobile terminal with Bluetooth module. The data processing and analysis are realized with mobile terminal and Android operating system, which could meet the requirements of monitoring flammable gas used in smelting and rolling laboratory.

flammable gas  /  monitoring  /  Bluetooth communication
孙梦晨, 马晨虹, 王敏, 苏建华, 赵伟, 乔通. 冶轧实验室易燃气体监测系统设计. 包钢科技, 2025 , 51 (2) : 72 -76 .
Mengchen Sun, Chenhong Ma, Min Wang, Jianhua Su, Wei Zhao, Tong Qiao. Design of Monitoring System for Flammable Gas in Smelting and Rolling Laboratory[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2025 , 51 (2) : 72 -76 .
正文
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钢铁业的发展为国家的基础建设作出了巨大的贡献,与此同时生产安全也成为钢铁业不可忽视的一个重要因素。在安全生产中易燃气体的监测受到了企业的重视。冶轧实验室使用天然气采暖,天然气泄漏和不完全燃烧产生的CO聚集到一定浓度会引起火灾或爆炸,需要防范供热过程中的火灾和爆炸事故发生。气体检测设备采用现场布线的方式连接多个气体采集点,安全监测需要专人在各区域内巡检查看,耗费人力和时间,而且存在很大的安全隐患。设计一款无线、低成本的易燃气体监测系统具有重要的实际意义。
在一些发达国家,易燃气体检测技术的发展已经十分成熟,相关检测产品也应用而生。早期有很多企业在研究类似于气体传感器的产品,随着研究的不断深入,该领域得到快速发展。日本最先研发出接触燃烧式家用燃气泄漏报警器,随着产品的更新换代,功能更加全面,效果也更加显著。不但能够同时多角度监测燃气、CO等多种气体,而且产品体积压缩至极,可安装在浴室、厨房等多种地方,也可采用集中监控的方式来进行检测[1]。
1 系统概况
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本文根据包钢技术中心无线传输、低成本的需要,设计和实现了冶轧实验室易燃气体检测系统。系统以STM32F103系列单片机作为主控系统,在主控系统上连接易燃气体传感器(MQ-2和MQ-7)用于监测车间内的易燃气体浓度;温度、湿度传感器SHT30用于监测车间内的温度、湿度;云平台和Bluetooth蓝牙模块用于将传感器采集的数据传输至手机端。手机端搭载Android操作系统,能够方便地实现对数据的处理和分析。
系统主要由主控制模块、处理器模块、传感器模块、Bluetooth蓝牙通信模块等组成。采用ARM开发板作为核心板,搭载气体传感器、温度和湿度传感器、Bluetooth蓝牙模块,来实现易燃气体检测、数据传输、手机报警等功能。
冶轧实验室使用天然气采暖,天然气的主要成分为甲烷。易燃气体发生爆炸和燃烧与环境温度、湿度有关,因此采用SHT30传感器采集环境温度、湿度信息。整个系统的硬件结构见图1,硬件模块具体型号见表1。
硬件总体框架由控制系统、气体传感器、模数转换口、温度传感器、湿度传感器、电源和无线数据通讯构成。系统硬件通信使用接线导通数据,Bluetooth模块与主控使用串口进行数据交换。
2 监测系统硬件
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2.1 主控系统
监测系统以低功耗单片机STM32为控制核心,主系统由处理器和外围设备共同构成。ARM处理器使用ST公司的STM32F103C8T6,通过ARM和整个外围设备来实现下位机的控制。冶轧实验室是否会发生爆炸还与车间内的温度、湿度相关,因此采用SHT30传感器采集温湿度信息[2]。
气体传感器是气体检测系统的核心,通常安装在探头中。气体传感器的工作主要是转换和识别气体,检测浓度。感应探头初始化后,感应气体浓度,调节平衡,调节内容包括杂质的过滤、干扰气体的去除、检测气体样品。
MQ-2传感器检测甲烷气体,输出一个相对应浓度的模拟信号,模拟信号放大滤波后以300 ms的采样周期输出,经过A/D转换电路按采样频率将模拟信号转换为数字信号,输出的数字信号经电位器调节后输入到定义管脚;CO气体利用MQ-7传感器进行检测,该传感器同样输出模拟信号,经过A/D转换后获得气体浓度信息。
SHT30传感器用来监测冶轧实验室内的温度、湿度。利用STM32普通引脚与SHT30模块相连,实现主控与传感器的通讯。
Bluetooth无线设备通过Bluetooth无线链路和Bluetooth模块实现串行通信。Bluetooth模块主要由无线收发器单元、链路控制单元、链路管理和主机I/O组成。Bluetooth模块在发射器模块中,收发器控制线打开低噪声放大器,放大调制信号,并收集到信号输出至收发器控制开关。系统采用的HC-06 Bluetooth模块具备自动搜索和自动连接配对功能,需设置好波特率及数据指令传输并使用接口方式为UART与ARM芯片连接[3]。
2.2 STM32外围电路
STM32外围电路由一个3.3 V电源供电,通过升压稳压模块把电压提高到5 V,在外围电路中还加入了两个晶振电路和一个复位电路。
(1)晶振电路。普通的晶振电路使用电容交流等效振荡电路,通过变容二极管和反偏电压实现。晶振电路在工作时,检测芯片两引脚电压,测量值为2.5 V。电能和机械能相互转化提供系统所需稳定脉冲[4]见图2。
(2)复位电路。影响STM32模块运行稳定性因素一般有两个,一是外部干扰,如电源线、外接引脚、引线产生的磁场会干扰本区域电磁场;二是振荡电路稳定性不好也会影响STM32运行的稳定性。通过复位电路解决STM32运行稳定性问题。
复位电路的作用是将电路恢复到初始形态。为程序安排一个清零按钮,可以使系统恢复到最初形态,并重新以初始态工作。复位电路有三种动作方式,分别为电路通电复位、手动复位、程序设定自动复位。
3 软件设计
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按照预定的设计思路,对系统的各个模块进行分析,在编写程序之前完成流程图的设计,见图3。
本设计采用MD4.20集成开发环境来编译、调试和下载报警系统的软件代码。MD4.20是美国KEIL公司的集成开发环境,具有强大的功能。为了使实时监控易于调试和维护,并考虑到未来报警系统升级的需要,采用模块化方法设计系统软件。整个系统的软件设计由以下子模块组成:系统初始化、气体浓度采集、传感器信号模数转换、传感器数据过滤、传感器状态监测和故障诊断、系统报警逻辑判断和声光报警功能。
设备通电后,系统快速进入工作状态。初始化是系统的一个重要工作流程,在微控制器中设置相关寄存器,定义系统运行所需的全局变量,并根据程序设置报警器的报警阈值,设置函数。在系统初始化完成后,系统开始运行传感器状态监测和故障诊断子程序、气体浓度采集子程序、传感器信号模数转换子程序、传感器数据过滤子程序、系统报警逻辑判断子程序。
STM32工作频率为72 Hz,开始工作后初始化USART模块。电路接通后初始化外接MQ-2气体传感器,信号反馈收到气体传感器传播信号后开始系统常态化工作流程。读取MQ-2气体浓度数据,检测校验数值,最后将数据打包成数字信号使用Bluetooth发送。
设计中选择半导体传感器MQ-2和MQ-7作为报警器的主要传感器。传感器信号以电桥的形式输出信号。传感器的输出信号具有一定的漂移,在0±8 mV范围内波动。A/D转换器只能转换正电压,为了充分利用A/D转换,传感器的分辨率需要放大正电压范围内的输出信号,因此选择具有参考值输入的仪表放大器ADC0809作为信号调节电路的中心,并且选择数字电位计来获得电阻分压器形式的稳定电压参考值,用以实现分压器电路和放大器电路。在仪表放大器和数字电位计之间的阻抗隔离中,选择由通用运算放大器组成的发射极跟随器作为阻抗隔离电路。
MQ-2控制驱动函数中有对MQ-2的初始化函数;读MQ-2每一字节数据;写MQ-2每一字节数据指令即可实验控制。读取气体浓度周期为0.5 s一次,初始化气体传感器后用一个感应器取得回执信号反馈,输入指令0xCC跳过64位地址验证,再输入指令0x44开启气体浓度转换。延时25 ms左右,再次初始化MQ-2,取得回执信号写入0xCC命令,然后写入0xBE命令读取气体浓度。
4 系统调试
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系统上电,工作指示灯全部亮起,检查各模块运行正常。释放甲烷气体测试MQ-2气体传感器工作正常,释放CO气体测试MQ-7气体传感器工作正常,说明系统接线及各部分逻辑设计均正确。通过测量环境温度、湿度,并与传感器采集数据进行对比,来确定温湿度传感器是否正常工作。
4.1 上位机手机软件调试
将程序生成的安装包文件安装到手机上。打开软件进入Bluetooth设备搜索界面。启动搜索时,下位机要确保上电和Bluetooth供电正常,下位机通过Bluetooth不断发送数据到手机。
在数据传输时,首先使程序初始化。在检测工作开始后,所检测到的气体浓度将连续地发送浓度命令及数据到微控制器。观察手机是否做出相对应的显示,并通过在线调试使实时监测串口发送正常数据,检查串口控制任务实时被调度并处理串口的数据。通过以上方法主要验证驱动程序与应用层任务正常执行,最终传输至手机。数据传输流程见图4。
4.2 下位机调试
使用99.9%标准甲烷气体和惰性气体配置成浓度为0~15.00%的检测气体,通过易燃气体监测系统检测甲烷气体的浓度,检测结果见表2。
测试结果表明,易燃气体监测系统实测效果良好,检测的最大偏差值0.81%,系统设计甲烷检测的精度符合实验室安全需要。
甲烷报警浓度在800 ppm时开始报警,当气体浓度减少至100 ppm以下时解除报警状态。
系统设计在100 m的自由空间内监测数据可以在1 s内准确传输到手机,实现易燃气体泄漏报警。现场检测手机报警在100 m内信号良好,超过100 m后,随着距离的增加报警响应产生延时,至110 m以后报警信号差。
通过测试,报警信号在100 m以内响应时间正常,满足车间活动范围90 m的要求。
5 结束语
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结合包钢技术中心冶轧实验室的实际情况,开发了冶轧实验室易燃气体监测系统,实现了冶轧实验室易燃气体和有毒气体浓度、环境温度和湿度自动检测,并传输到云平台和手机,满足了冶轧实验室对使用易燃气体进行监测的要求。
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  • 接收时间：2024-11-06
  • 首发时间：2025-10-22
  • 出版时间：2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-11-06
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司工程服务公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
    3 内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司稀土钢板材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
    4 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司动供总厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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