Article(id=1187669715309707770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187669711266394222, articleNumber=1009-5438(2025)02-0036-03, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721836800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761092125965, onlineDateStr=2025-10-22, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761092125965, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761092125965, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761092125965, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1187669711266394222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2025', volume='51', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761092125001, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761096958502, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1187689984480915467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187669711266394222, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1187689984480915468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187669711266394222, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=36, endPage=38, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187669715653640703, articleId=1187669715309707770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Cause Analysis and Improvement Measures for Common Defective Coil Shape of High Speed Wire Rod, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the incremental production of small size products, coil shape control gradually becomes the key link to restrict quality and benefits. The defective coil shape not only affects operation rate and economic and technical indexes of high speed wire rod production, but also causes such problem as there are troubles in the process of using wire for downstream users so that the efficiency of downstream processing is affected. In this paper, it is analyzed some factors affecting the spinning state of wire rod in high speed wire rod production line, briefly elaborated several cases of defective coil shape in production process, analyzed causes of problems and proposed solutions so as to improve the production efficiency and quality of product. The regular coil shape could ensure smooth wire and reduce rate of fracture of wire for drawing of users so that the quality improvement in the whole process is realized.

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随着小规格产品的增量生产,卷形的控制逐渐成为制约质量效益的关键环节。不良的卷形不仅影响高速线材生产的作业率和经济技术指标,还会造成下游用户在使用放线过程不顺利等问题,影响下游加工的效率。文章主要结合生产实际,分析了高速线材生产线上影响线材吐丝状态的一些因素,并简要阐述了生产过程中卷形不良的几种情况,分析了产生问题的原因,提出解决方法,以提高产品的生产效率及产品质量。规则的卷形能够保证放线时的流畅,减少用户拉拔断丝率,实现全流程的质量提升。

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方 琳(1989-),女,满族,山东省阳谷县人,工程师,现从事线棒材技术工作。

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方 琳(1989-),女,满族,山东省阳谷县人,工程师,现从事线棒材技术工作。

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方 琳(1989-),女,满族,山东省阳谷县人,工程师,现从事线棒材技术工作。

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1-输入轴;2-齿轮轴;3-入口导管;4-锥齿轮;5-空心轴;6-吐丝盘;7-吐丝管

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高速线材常见不良卷形原因分析及改善措施
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方琳 , 李晓鹏 , 武旭正 , 樊智 , 雷虎 , 石跃
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2025,51(2): 36-38
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2025, 51(2): 36-38
高速线材常见不良卷形原因分析及改善措施
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方琳, 李晓鹏, 武旭正, 樊智, 雷虎, 石跃
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司长材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 方 琳(1989-),女,满族,山东省阳谷县人,工程师,现从事线棒材技术工作。

Cause Analysis and Improvement Measures for Common Defective Coil Shape of High Speed Wire Rod
Lin Fang, Xiaopeng Li, Xuzheng Wu, Zhi Fan, Hu Lei, Yue Shi
Affiliations
  • Long Products Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25
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随着小规格产品的增量生产,卷形的控制逐渐成为制约质量效益的关键环节。不良的卷形不仅影响高速线材生产的作业率和经济技术指标,还会造成下游用户在使用放线过程不顺利等问题,影响下游加工的效率。文章主要结合生产实际,分析了高速线材生产线上影响线材吐丝状态的一些因素,并简要阐述了生产过程中卷形不良的几种情况,分析了产生问题的原因,提出解决方法,以提高产品的生产效率及产品质量。规则的卷形能够保证放线时的流畅,减少用户拉拔断丝率,实现全流程的质量提升。

高速线材  /  吐丝机  /  卷型控制

With the incremental production of small size products, coil shape control gradually becomes the key link to restrict quality and benefits. The defective coil shape not only affects operation rate and economic and technical indexes of high speed wire rod production, but also causes such problem as there are troubles in the process of using wire for downstream users so that the efficiency of downstream processing is affected. In this paper, it is analyzed some factors affecting the spinning state of wire rod in high speed wire rod production line, briefly elaborated several cases of defective coil shape in production process, analyzed causes of problems and proposed solutions so as to improve the production efficiency and quality of product. The regular coil shape could ensure smooth wire and reduce rate of fracture of wire for drawing of users so that the quality improvement in the whole process is realized.

high speed wire rod  /  loop laying head  /  coil shape control
方琳, 李晓鹏, 武旭正, 樊智, 雷虎, 石跃. 高速线材常见不良卷形原因分析及改善措施. 包钢科技, 2025 , 51 (2) : 36 -38 .
Lin Fang, Xiaopeng Li, Xuzheng Wu, Zhi Fan, Hu Lei, Yue Shi. Cause Analysis and Improvement Measures for Common Defective Coil Shape of High Speed Wire Rod[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2025 , 51 (2) : 36 -38 .
近年来,随着高速线材装备及技术水平的提高,高速线材生产线生产规格扩大到直径5.5 mm到22 mm光面盘条及8 mm至16 mm抗震螺纹钢筋。卷形不良会直接影响产线作业率、成材率及成品质量。如何避免线材卷型乱造成的检废,实现生产效益最大化,保证成品的质量,成为实现这一目标的关键环节,因此,有必要分析常见卷形不良现象的产生原因并制定相应控制措施。
线材出精轧机组后,进入冷却水箱,夹送辊和吐丝机位于冷却水箱与斯太尔摩风冷辊道之间(见图1)。对于高速线材轧机的高速轧制,普遍采用有一定倾斜度(吐丝机轴线相对于轧制线向下倾斜10°至20°)的卧式吐丝机,使轧制成的直条状线材成品经吐丝机变形后,形成连续螺旋形线圈并落于斯太尔摩辊道上,经过辊道保温罩和风机的控制冷却后,经过集卷挂上C型钩,进入P/F链运输[1]
冷却水箱与吐丝机之间设置有夹送辊,冷却后的线材经过夹送辊的夹持后进入吐丝机内变形。在实际生产中,当轧制直径小于Φ14 mm的线材时,采用尾部夹持的方式,夹送辊的转速略低于精轧机组转速。通过夹送辊的夹持对线材尾部进行降速,抵消小规格线材尾部脱离精轧机时所发生的升速现象,使线材尾部顺利成圈。当轧制直径大于Φ14 mm的线材时,采用全长夹持的方式,通过对夹送辊的调节,使精轧机组与吐丝机的线速度保持稳定,以保证吐丝状态的稳定。
吐丝机的基本结构(见图2)是由焊接结构的圆锥形底座(该底座称作吐丝盘)紧嵌一根螺旋形的空心吐丝管,罩于钢板结构的防护罩组成。
吐丝机由直流电机驱动,吐丝盘沿逆时针方向高速旋转,直条状线材经过水箱的冷却以及夹送辊的速度调节之后,进入吐丝管内变形,吐丝管将线材绕成直径约1.5米的圆形线圈落于斯太尔摩风冷辊道上。吐丝机出口的正下方装有一块可以调整上下角度的舌板,下沿左右处装有两块可灵活调节倾斜角度的托板,方便调整线圈倒落在风冷辊道上的位置,调节卷型。
吐丝拉头主要是指吐丝后线圈头部扎入运输辊道间隙、辊道护板间隙内,造成吐丝头部不随辊道向前运动,插入卷中,造成卷型乱,严重时会造成散卷在辊道上不前进,将运输辊卡死,导致辊道跳电,或者散卷在辊道上堆起,使集卷困难,最后被迫停产[2]。造成拉头的主要原因是为保证线材在水冷导槽中的稳定前进,减小前进阻力,头部采用不穿水冷却,因此吐丝头部温度较高、变形抗力稍低。当吐丝机自动控制系统的检测信号发生变化时,易使吐丝机头部定位的零位发生改变,会使吐丝头部的位置改变;当吐丝头和辊道前进方向逆向时,易扎入辊道及护板间隙之内。
解决吐丝拉头的办法主要有:(1)吐丝机头部定位调整要准确,更换完吐丝管后要保证吐丝盘旋转至操作手册所规定的调整零位。关闭防护罩后,开启吐丝机的头部定位程序,对吐丝头部落入辊道位置重新进行计算调整。在生产过程中,如果吐丝头部落入辊道的位置发生变化,要及时进行修正,保证吐丝头部位于辊道工作侧,顺行于辊道前进方向。(2)对辊道运输辊和辊道护板要及时进行维护,更换磨损严重的运输辊,消除辊道护板间隙。
为了使线圈均匀平铺在斯太尔摩风冷辊道上,要保持辊道输送速度恒定。斯太尔摩风冷辊道的各段的辊道转速,应该严格按照工艺规程中规定的辊道速度进行设置。散卷在斯太尔摩辊道运输过程中,需要采取如下措施保证卷型质量:(1)线圈落到首段辊道的角度与首段辊道高度及运行速度需要设置合适的参数。(2)斯太尔摩运输辊因磨损或变形造成间隙超标,辊道护板间隙大时,需要及时进行维护、更换,避免引起线圈挂线。(3)辊道速度参数设计时要合理,在保证冷却效果的前提下,相邻两段辊道速度相差不能超过0.3 m/s,避免散卷各部分速度差太大,产生叉卷。(4)避免斯太尔摩辊道频繁启停,由于惯性而影响散卷卷型。(5)辊道链条不能太松,避免对辊道速度造成影响。既要使线材在辊道上达到设计的冷却效果,又要保证线材在辊道上的运动平稳,对于转动不正常的辊道要及时进行更换。
影响平铺圈型的另一重要因素是吐丝管内线材的变形轨迹[3]。当使用同一根吐丝管生产多种规格的线材产品时,其吐丝的质量往往不稳定,容易出现平铺分布不均匀或吐丝线圈时大时小的情况。这是由于在生产不同规格的线材时,吐丝机转速不同,轧制速度快的规格产品易使吐丝管内磨损,产生轨迹不同的沟痕,线材在管内变形极容易产生轨迹偏移。因此,最好的解决办法是合理安排生产计划,尽量保证同一根吐丝管轧制同一尺寸的产品。当生产小规格产品时,吐丝管使用寿命为5 000 t左右;生产时大规格产品时,吐丝管使用寿命为8 000 t至10 000 t。
吐丝乱尾是吐丝机吐出的尾部线圈直径大小不一,尤其是尾部脱离精轧机后,在成品架和吐丝机之间的线材在进行吐丝变形时,易与前半部分圈型直径产生差别。其原因为吐丝机与精轧机组的速度不匹配,夹送辊出口导槽、吐丝机直管及吐丝管入口磨损严重,线圈尾部没有以合适的速度和受力顺利地从吐丝管中抛出到辊道。
实际生产过程中经常出现的情况是当速度匹配不当时,生产规格为5.5 mm至9.5 mm的线材,尾部圈大;生产更大规格,特别是规格大于16 mm的线材,尾部圈小。对于前一种情况,这是由于线材尾部离开精轧机的过程中会产生升速,而吐丝机的速度变化很小,因此尾部线圈直径变大;而对于后一种情况,生产大规格线材,由于轧制速度低,线材尾部离开精轧机进入吐丝机速度会下降,并且大规格线材尾部在水冷导槽内停留时间长,冷却快,使线材尾部在吐丝机内变形时塑性变形抗力产生波动,从而使线圈直径变小。当入口部分磨损严重时,5.5 mm至9.5 mm的线材尾部吐丝状态不稳定,尾部圈乱。解决措施主要是通过夹送辊的稳定夹持来调整。生产小规格时,夹送辊从尾部进行降速夹送,大规格时采用升速夹送。随着轧制状态的变化,适当调整夹送辊的尾部夹持时间和超前速度系数,调整适合的夹送辊的开、闭合辊缝值及夹持压力,还要注意各区域轧机之间的张力情况,尤其注意线材在精轧机组、减定径机组与夹送辊之间的张力状态,同时稳定轧机的速度。生产时随时观察尾部吐丝状态,停机检查时及时更换夹送辊出口导槽、吐丝机直管。
线材在集卷时出现圈形不圆产生乱线,是由于线材在吐丝时线圈落入辊道时呈现椭圆的情况,经过辊道运输,椭圆线圈与辊道侧面摩擦改变位置造成的。线圈出现椭圆与钢种和规格有很大的关系,在生产规格为9.5 mm以下线材且吐丝温度较高的钢种时,容易出现线圈椭圆情况。其产生原因为线材变形抗力太低,随吐丝机高速旋转的惯性,使吐丝轨迹发生变化[4]。另外,当吐丝圈型小,吐丝机侧板对线材吐丝轨迹调整不足,舌板位置太低,会使吐丝机抛出的线圈下落距离大,线材由于自身的重量侧立或直立落入辊道时,线圈也易出现椭圆形。此时,需要调整吐丝机出口处两块侧板的位置,同时适当调节舌板的高度,使突出的盘卷先落于三块托板,经托板缓冲后,再落在辊道上。正确设定吐丝机超前系数使圈型大小合适,调整托板及舌板的位置和高度,能较好地控制线圈的落位,从而影响吐丝状态。
辊道上运输的散卷在落筒过程中,可以根据不同规格及钢种,设定分离爪打开延时、集卷托板的下降延时和下降速度,尽可能保证盘卷在筒内集卷。基于集卷筒内壁的约束,确保了盘卷的外观美观。在保证轧制节奏的情况下,尽量延长分离爪打开延时及集卷托板的下降延时;尽量减慢托板下降速度(高碳品种可以适当加快)。
通过高速线材生产线各类卷形不良常见现象的原因分析并针对以上影响因素提出了对应的改善措施:吐丝线圈头部控制措施,平铺圈形调整,吐丝尾部调整,集卷盘形质量控制措施。通过以上技术的分析和总结,对于实际生产过程中出现的问题,可以采取相应的措施加以解决。实际生产中还会遇到各种情况,还需要分析总结具体情况,不断改进,最终使生产更加顺行,全面提升产品质量效益。
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强十涌, 乔德勇, 李曼云. 高速轧机线材生产[M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2009.
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  • 接收时间:2024-07-25
  • 首发时间:2025-10-22
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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