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Article(id=1187669713237717115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187669711266394222, articleNumber=1009-5438(2025)02-0023-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729612800000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761092125472, onlineDateStr=2025-10-22, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761092125472, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761092125472, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761092125472, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1187669711266394222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2025', volume='51', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761092125001, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761096958502, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1187689984480915467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187669711266394222, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1187689984480915468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187669711266394222, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=23, endPage=26, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187669713480986749, articleId=1187669713237717115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Production Practices on Increasing Number of Continuous Pouring Heats of Oriented Silicon Steel, columnId=1187100781414069182, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the production technology of continuous casting, oriented silicon steel, as a type of “soft steel” in the traditional sense, shows unique physical properties. Its thermal conductivity is relatively poorer, liquid thermal conductivity is approximately 27% lower than that of ordinary carbon steel so that it shows significant weak thermal conductivity. This property makes it easy to be deformed in high temperature environment. Consequently, there are often such surface defects as liquid level fluctuation of crystallizer, bulge and dimple of ingot blank as well as such internal quality issues as center segregation, center porosity and cracks during the continuous pouring production process. These issues directly impact the number of continuous pouring heats. In order to solve these problems, it becomes the key strategy for increasing the number of continuous pouring heats to design and implement reasonable cooling regime and casting speed.

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在连铸生产工艺中,取向硅钢作为一种传统意义上的“软钢”,展现出独特的物理特性,其导热性能相对较差,液态导热率更是比普通碳钢低了约27%,呈现出显著的弱导热性。这种特性使得取向硅钢在高温环境下极易发生形变。因此,在连铸生产过程中,经常出现结晶器液位波动,铸坯鼓肚和凹陷等表面缺陷,以及中心偏析、中心疏松和裂纹等内部质量问题。这些问题对连浇炉数产生了直接影响。为了解决这些问题,设计并实施合理的冷却制度和浇铸速度成为提升连浇炉数的关键策略。

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王清贤(1990-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事炼钢连铸生产技术工作。

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王清贤(1990-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事炼钢连铸生产技术工作。

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王清贤(1990-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事炼钢连铸生产技术工作。

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项目 主要参数 备注
设计产能 5 360 000 t
工作拉速 1.8 m/min
厚度 230 mm、250 mm
断面宽度 900 mm~2 150 mm
结晶器长度 900 mm~2 150 mm
中间包容量 75 t
钢水包容量 260 t
引锭杆安装方式 上装式
结晶器振动 液压
冶金长度 36.9 m
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连铸机的主要工艺参数及装备特点

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项目 主要参数 备注
设计产能 5 360 000 t
工作拉速 1.8 m/min
厚度 230 mm、250 mm
断面宽度 900 mm~2 150 mm
结晶器长度 900 mm~2 150 mm
中间包容量 75 t
钢水包容量 260 t
引锭杆安装方式 上装式
结晶器振动 液压
冶金长度 36.9 m
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化学元素 C Si Mn P S Als N
化学成分 0.05-0.06 3.20-3.40 0.09-0.11 0.020-0.035 0.007-0.011 0.027-0.030 0.070-0.082
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化学成分(质量分数) %

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化学元素 C Si Mn P S Als N
化学成分 0.05-0.06 3.20-3.40 0.09-0.11 0.020-0.035 0.007-0.011 0.027-0.030 0.070-0.082
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冷却水分区 1区 2区 3区 4区 5区 6区 7区 8区 9区 10区 11区
目标温度 1 120 1 070 975 950 920 905 892 883 879 850 850
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铸坯目标温度 ℃

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冷却水分区 1区 2区 3区 4区 5区 6区 7区 8区 9区 10区 11区
目标温度 1 120 1 070 975 950 920 905 892 883 879 850 850
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压下区间(前) 压下区间(后) 压下量/mm 压下比例1 压下比例2 压下比例3 压下比例4
0.22 0.9 3 1.1 1.2 1 1
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动态轻压下参数

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压下区间(前) 压下区间(后) 压下量/mm 压下比例1 压下比例2 压下比例3 压下比例4
0.22 0.9 3 1.1 1.2 1 1
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日期 浇次号 钢种 连浇炉数
2024/8/5 240176 BHGO01 11
2024/8/27 240199 BHGO01 11
2024/9/8 240208 BHGO01 11
2024/9/11 240213 BHGO01 11
2024/9/30 240241 BHGO03 14
2024/10/3 240245 BHGO01 14
2024/10/4 240247 BHGO01 14
2024/10/4 240249 BHGO01 14
2024/10/6 240251 BHGO03 14
2024/10/28 240268 BHGO01 14
2024/11/1 240274 BTGO01 14
2024/11/2 240276 BTGO01 14
2024/11/3 240278 BTGO01 14
2024/11/5 240280 BTGO01 14
2024/11/9 240283 BHGO01 14
2024/11/17 240290 BHGO01 14
2024/11/28 240298 BHGO01 14
2024/12/11 240317 BHGO01 17
2024/12/13 240321 BHGO01 17
2024/12/17 240323 BHGO06RE 17
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取向硅钢连浇炉数

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日期 浇次号 钢种 连浇炉数
2024/8/5 240176 BHGO01 11
2024/8/27 240199 BHGO01 11
2024/9/8 240208 BHGO01 11
2024/9/11 240213 BHGO01 11
2024/9/30 240241 BHGO03 14
2024/10/3 240245 BHGO01 14
2024/10/4 240247 BHGO01 14
2024/10/4 240249 BHGO01 14
2024/10/6 240251 BHGO03 14
2024/10/28 240268 BHGO01 14
2024/11/1 240274 BTGO01 14
2024/11/2 240276 BTGO01 14
2024/11/3 240278 BTGO01 14
2024/11/5 240280 BTGO01 14
2024/11/9 240283 BHGO01 14
2024/11/17 240290 BHGO01 14
2024/11/28 240298 BHGO01 14
2024/12/11 240317 BHGO01 17
2024/12/13 240321 BHGO01 17
2024/12/17 240323 BHGO06RE 17
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提高取向硅钢连浇炉数的生产实践
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王清贤 1 , 段云波 1 , 张立通 2 , 孙梦晨 2 , 张建 2
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025,51(2): 23-26
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025, 51(2): 23-26
提高取向硅钢连浇炉数的生产实践
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王清贤1, 段云波1, 张立通2, 孙梦晨2, 张建2
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司稀土钢板材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010

    • 王清贤(1990-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事炼钢连铸生产技术工作。

Production Practices on Increasing Number of Continuous Pouring Heats of Oriented Silicon Steel
Qingxian Wang1, Yunbo Duan1, Litong Zhang2, Mengchen Sun2, Jian Zhang2
Affiliations
  • 1 Rare Earth Steel Plate Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25
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摘要
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在连铸生产工艺中,取向硅钢作为一种传统意义上的“软钢”,展现出独特的物理特性,其导热性能相对较差,液态导热率更是比普通碳钢低了约27%,呈现出显著的弱导热性。这种特性使得取向硅钢在高温环境下极易发生形变。因此,在连铸生产过程中,经常出现结晶器液位波动,铸坯鼓肚和凹陷等表面缺陷,以及中心偏析、中心疏松和裂纹等内部质量问题。这些问题对连浇炉数产生了直接影响。为了解决这些问题,设计并实施合理的冷却制度和浇铸速度成为提升连浇炉数的关键策略。

连铸机  /  取向硅钢  /  连浇炉数

In the production technology of continuous casting, oriented silicon steel, as a type of “soft steel” in the traditional sense, shows unique physical properties. Its thermal conductivity is relatively poorer, liquid thermal conductivity is approximately 27% lower than that of ordinary carbon steel so that it shows significant weak thermal conductivity. This property makes it easy to be deformed in high temperature environment. Consequently, there are often such surface defects as liquid level fluctuation of crystallizer, bulge and dimple of ingot blank as well as such internal quality issues as center segregation, center porosity and cracks during the continuous pouring production process. These issues directly impact the number of continuous pouring heats. In order to solve these problems, it becomes the key strategy for increasing the number of continuous pouring heats to design and implement reasonable cooling regime and casting speed.

continuous casting machine  /  oriented silicon steel  /  number of continuous pouring heats
王清贤, 段云波, 张立通, 孙梦晨, 张建. 提高取向硅钢连浇炉数的生产实践. 包钢科技, 2025 , 51 (2) : 23 -26 .
Qingxian Wang, Yunbo Duan, Litong Zhang, Mengchen Sun, Jian Zhang. Production Practices on Increasing Number of Continuous Pouring Heats of Oriented Silicon Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2025 , 51 (2) : 23 -26 .
正文
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硅钢作为电机、电器元件及变压器铁芯的重要材料,其制造过程相当复杂,包括冶炼和轧制等多个环节。由于其工艺要求较高,需严格控制化学成分,确保组织及晶粒的均匀性,硅钢因此被誉为钢铁制造业中的“艺术品”,同时也成为衡量钢铁企业特殊钢制造能力的重要标志[1]。
在我国“十二五”期间,硅钢产量呈现出阶段性增长的趋势。具体而言,2010年至2012年间,硅钢产能增长较为平缓,而2012年至2014年间则经历了迅猛发展的阶段。在此期间,国有企业如武钢、宝钢、首钢和包钢等纷纷扩建硅钢产线,特别是冷轧项目的筹建,使我国硅钢产量增加了214.36万t,从而显著改变了我国硅钢市场的格局[2]。
在取向硅钢的连浇过程中,为提升铸坯质量,采取了多项措施,包括精确控制成分、严格把控钢水温度、精心烘烤耐火材料、实施保护浇铸、确保设备精度、优化中包浸入式水口插入深度、合理调控结晶器一次冷却和二次冷却等。这些措施共同构成了保障铸坯内部质量的关键体系。通过这些努力,铸坯表面质量合格率达到了100%,显著降低了板坯缺陷率,同时节约了生产成本。最终,取向硅钢的连浇炉数也实现了从11炉到17炉的稳步提升。
1 连铸机主要工艺参数及装备特点
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常规双流板坯连铸机(2台)主要工艺参数及装备特点见表1。
2 关键因素分析
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关键影响因素主要有设备性能、工序协调、工艺优化、耐材质量、生产稳定和组织管理多个方面,应在这些方面进行改进和优化。
2.1 设备性能
增加浇次间检查、测量及校准频次;调整检查设备状态和精度;检查测量结晶器对中、结晶器热电偶状态;避免生产过程中液位波动、粘结报警等原因非计划停浇;检查钢包回转台、大包滑动水口,保证正常旋转、正常动作,实现多炉连浇。
2.2 工序协调
连铸机的生产节奏需要前后工序的时间匹配,精炼时间、冶炼时间和浇铸时间的匹配,处理时间的波动会影响连浇炉数,通过降低拉速来适应不匹配的问题。取向硅钢连续生产工序中冶炼时间、精炼时间和连铸时间之间匹配关系为:精炼时间<冶炼时间<浇铸时间。取向硅钢的成分范围较窄,温度难以把控,经过双联处理(LF-RH)的钢水S含量较高,LF处理时间波动大,不能满足浇铸时间要求,故而只能采取降拉速的处理措施,后续经过使用KR深脱硫的铁水进行冶炼,有效地稳定了LF处理时间,保证了连浇炉数[3]。
2.3 生产工艺
生产工艺包括成分范围、钢水温度控制、拉速。提高拉速可以缩短单炉钢水的浇铸时间,从而提高中包连浇炉数,由于实际浇铸速度受前工序影响较大,且钢水过热度的控制不良情况会造成连浇炉数下降甚至终浇,而且取向硅钢不能进行结晶器调宽、快换,快换水口,只能同钢种浇铸,对中包连浇炉数造成了阻碍。
2.3.1 成分范围
取向硅钢的标准成分范围很窄,成分波动会对产品性能造成很大影响。在生产过程中将其成分控制在合理的范围内是生产的关键,我厂牌号BTQ001钢种的成分见表2。
2.3.2 钢水温度控制
为确保开浇首炉钢包的自开率,避免烧氧现象并减少生产中断的状况发生,钢包的底吹系统必须维持良好状态。在中包开始浇注第一炉时,其内衬温度远低于钢水温度,会大量吸收钢水热量。若钢水温度降低过快,可能导致开浇失败。因此,中包首炉钢水的温度需比正常浇注时高出10 ℃,并且严禁冷包、大修包及新包投入使用,以预防此类事故的发生。
由于取向硅钢的Si含量较高(特别是Si≥1.7%时),其导热率低于普通碳钢,凝固速度也相应较慢。基于钢种成分分析,其液相线温度确定为1 501 ℃。考虑到取向硅钢凝固速度较慢的特点,采用低过热度浇铸可抑制柱状晶生长,促进等轴晶的形成。因此,在取向硅钢的连铸过程中,中间包温度需控制在10~25 ℃的范围内。
2.3.3 拉速控制
正常拉速0.80 m/min~1.00 m/min,中包重量25 t开浇,手动开浇,以正常开浇程序启动拉矫机。开浇前将拉速设定0.40 m/min,新坯出结晶器后,将拉速逐渐涨到典型拉速(0.80 m/min)。后续通过对钢水过热度的控制,逐渐将拉速提高至1.05 m/min。
2.4 耐材的质量
耐材的影响主要表现在中包、塞棒和浸入式水口的使用时间上,特别是中包的使用时间对连浇炉数影响很大,中包烘烤质量严重影响连浇炉数,本厂使用的中包最长寿命为1 100 min,故通过控制单一变量的方法,只能从延长单支浸入式水口的使用寿命和保证中包烘烤效果入手。
2.4.1 保证耐材烘烤效果
中包及其浸入式水口的烘烤质量是保障中包连浇炉数的先决条件。若中包温度过高,包盖上的残钢和残渣可能会熔化并脱落,进而堵塞上水口;相反,若温度过低,则可能出现凝固堵塞等问题,导致连浇作业失败。为确保连浇炉数,中包的烘烤时间需比正常开浇时增加0.5 h,以保证开浇前中包温度达到1 100 ℃以上,同时浸入式水口需烘烤至950 ℃以上。在浇注过程中,钢水重量控制在60~75 t之间,停浇时则保持在15~25 t。
2.4.2 浸入式水口插入深度优化
随着连浇炉数的提高,由原来3道渣线提高至4道渣线,渣线间距离为20 mm,中包车高度分别为60 mm、40 mm、20 mm、0 mm,避免渣线重合,导致水口侵蚀断裂。
2.5 结晶器以及一次冷却
(1)结晶器过钢量:使用直角结晶器,窄侧铜板≤5万t,宽侧铜板≤10万t。
(2)一次冷却制度:要求1 650 mm铸机浇注,水流量宽侧4 800 L/min,窄侧500 L/min,要求结晶器水温差≤10 ℃,窄侧水流可适当增加,实际值与设定值偏差≤5%。
(3)调整下口和锥度:结晶器下口锥度系数1.0%,下口收缩系数1.00。锥度实际值与设定值偏差≤0.3%。
(4)结晶器液位:开浇结晶器液位稳定后,必须测量实际液位,液位波动≤±3 mm。
(5)结晶器振动参数:二级控制,硅钢振动参数。
2.6 二次冷却
根据高磁感取向硅钢的钢种特性,二冷系统采用“强型”冷却模式,比水量较普碳钢和低碳合金钢提高约0.8 L/kg,同时参照1 650 mm铸机一级二冷水表水量设计思路(扇形段中部水量=0.5×边部水量),建立硅钢一级二冷水表。将一级水表作为原始参数,以铸坯目标温度为基准,根据微单元热平衡原理,最终实现二次冷却水的动态控制,见表3。
2.7 动态轻压下
由于取向硅钢钢液导热能力差,因此需将轻压下压下区间后移,保证在其凝固末端压下,具体见表4。
动态轻压下二级自动控制,执行硅钢动态轻压下,辊缝偏差≤0.3 mm。
2.8 生产组织
在现有的品种、设备、工艺和耐材的条件下,生产组织是影响中包连浇炉数的重要因素,由于合同减少、交货周期短,在线可编计划合同量减少,生产计划批量下降,因生产和质量的波动会使中包连浇炉数下降,针对取向硅钢这种单一模式的钢种,采用集中生产,动态跟踪生产情况,对取向硅钢采取直装的方式,加强计划人员和现场调度人员的沟通协调及时补充调整取向硅钢生产计划,确保中包的最大利用程度。
2.9 异常终浇
异常终浇主要表现在:正在冶炼或者精炼的钢水基于成分问题修改其他钢水成分;单流生产使浇铸时间延长或者钢水过热度过低、过高导致提前终浇;中包因烘烤不及时造成浇次间隔延长以及水口断裂、设备故障是终浇的主要原因。针对上述问题,第一方面是加强水口的质量管理,通过引进不同的厂家之间的竞争机制、新水口的使用试验以及加大水口的质量检查,从源头上提高水口的质量;另一方面是加大水口的使用管理,防止水口在烘烤的过程中开裂和运输中碰撞,提高水口管理和使用质量。
通过以上措施取向硅钢连浇炉数从最初的11炉增加至17炉,见表5。
3 应用效果
收起
目前提高取向硅钢连浇炉数生产实践在上述条件下进行了连续尝试和试验,取得了较好的应用效果。经过上述过程控制,取向硅钢冶炼拉速由0.80 m/min提高到1.00 m/min,连浇炉数的数量从11炉增加至17炉。
4 结束语
收起
自从采用本生产实践方法,提升了取向硅钢产能,减少取向硅钢排产次数和浇次间隔时间,全面释放取向硅钢的冶炼产能。通过以上措施的实施,保证了取向硅钢的表面以及内部质量,有效地提高了取向硅钢产量。
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参考文献 引证文献
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[1]
王爱华. 我国变压器对取向硅钢的应用及未来需求[J]. 钢铁论坛, 2001(6):20-21.
[2]
王晓燕, 吕家欣, 童晓晨, 等. 世界电工钢专利现状分析[J]. 材料导报, 2012, 26(7):114-115.
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胡署名, 王兴玉. 宝钢1450板坯连铸中间包钢液等离子加热[J]. 重型机械, 2004(6):9-13.
2025年第51卷第2期
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  • 接收时间：2024-10-23
  • 首发时间：2025-10-22
  • 出版时间：2025-04-25
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司稀土钢板材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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