Article(id=1187088805724041388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187088798216241684, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)04-0078-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1654963200000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760953626327, onlineDateStr=2025-10-20, pubDate=1661356800000, pubDateStr=2022-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760953626327, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760953626327, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760953626327, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1187088798216241684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1760953624537, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760953945042, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1187090142570365089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187088798216241684, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1187090142570365090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187088798216241684, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=78, endPage=81, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187340472507842899, articleId=1187088805724041388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Analysis and Countermeasures for Common Faults of Tubular Belt Conveyor, columnId=1187100786392711543, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Equipment and Automation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The tubular belt conveyor is the main tool for materials transportation in modern productions. In the paper, the causes of such faults as off tracking, rolling over, tearing and tube expanding of belt for tubular belt conveyor are found out through analyzing its working principle and common various faults in operations in detail. As a result, the devices for preventing off tracking, tearing, spillage and tube expanding are manufactured and installed so that the loss of belt and fault rate of tubular belt conveyor could be effectively reduced as well as the normal operations of production are ensured.

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管状带式输送机是现代化生产的主要物料输送工具。文章通过对管状带式输送机工作原理及运行中经常出现的各类故障进行详细分析,查明了管状带式输送机运行过程中皮带跑偏、翻转、撕裂、胀管等故障发生的原因,制作并安装了防跑偏装置、多套防撕裂撒料装置及防胀管装置,可有效降低皮带损失及管状带式输送机故障率,保证生产的正常运行。

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边美柱(1972-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事烧结工艺研究及管理工作。

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边美柱(1972-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事烧结工艺研究及管理工作。

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边美柱(1972-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事烧结工艺研究及管理工作。

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管状带式输送机常见故障分析及对策
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边美柱 , 孙文婷 , 李涛
包钢科技 | 设备与自动化 2022,48(4): 78-81
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包钢科技 | 设备与自动化 2022, 48(4): 78-81
管状带式输送机常见故障分析及对策
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边美柱, 孙文婷, 李涛
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司仓储中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 边美柱(1972-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事烧结工艺研究及管理工作。

Analysis and Countermeasures for Common Faults of Tubular Belt Conveyor
Mei-zhu Bian, Wen-ting Sun, Tao Li
Affiliations
  • Storage Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-08-25
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管状带式输送机是现代化生产的主要物料输送工具。文章通过对管状带式输送机工作原理及运行中经常出现的各类故障进行详细分析,查明了管状带式输送机运行过程中皮带跑偏、翻转、撕裂、胀管等故障发生的原因,制作并安装了防跑偏装置、多套防撕裂撒料装置及防胀管装置,可有效降低皮带损失及管状带式输送机故障率,保证生产的正常运行。

管状带式输送机  /  皮带跑偏翻转  /  撕裂  /  胀管

The tubular belt conveyor is the main tool for materials transportation in modern productions. In the paper, the causes of such faults as off tracking, rolling over, tearing and tube expanding of belt for tubular belt conveyor are found out through analyzing its working principle and common various faults in operations in detail. As a result, the devices for preventing off tracking, tearing, spillage and tube expanding are manufactured and installed so that the loss of belt and fault rate of tubular belt conveyor could be effectively reduced as well as the normal operations of production are ensured.

tubular belt conveyor  /  off tracking and rolling over of belt  /  tearing  /  tube expanding
边美柱, 孙文婷, 李涛. 管状带式输送机常见故障分析及对策. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (4) : 78 -81 .
Mei-zhu Bian, Wen-ting Sun, Tao Li. Analysis and Countermeasures for Common Faults of Tubular Belt Conveyor[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (4) : 78 -81 .
管状带式输送机与普通皮带运输机相比,具有普通皮带运输机所不具有的诸多优点,主要体现在可实现陡峭转弯的复杂地形布置和物料的长距离输送,并且实现水平平面、竖直平面及同时在水平平面和竖直平面拐弯的运输功能。另外,管状带式输送机可实现密封物料运行、环保输送,运输过程中对环境污染小,具有较好的经济性和实用性。
包钢股份仓储中心管状带式输送机承担着包钢股份公司新、老体系供料任务,共有8条,总计21 780 m。管状带式输送机的稳定运行直接关系着高炉的正常生产,一旦出现故障会造成汽车倒料并增加汽运费用,严重故障会导致高炉变料、待料及休风,给下游生产带来很大的难度。通过深入到运行现场并分析各类故障,总结了运行中容易出现的几种故障并制作了简易实用的保护装置,有效降低了故障率,降低了皮带的损失及更换,保证了生产的正常运行。
管状带式输送机作为一种新型的物料输送系统广泛运用于国内外冶金、化工、煤炭等行业,具有环保、经济、可大倾角、密闭输送物料等优点。管状带式输送机的头部、尾部、受料点、卸料点、拉紧装置等在结构上与普通带式输送机基本相同。管状带式输送机在尾部过渡段受料后,输送胶带通过压带辊及窗式托辊逐渐卷成圆管状,输送物料被包在圆筒中间进行封闭输送并随胶带一起移动,物料到头部过渡段再通过展开装置的作用逐渐展开直至卸料。管状带式输送机结构如图1所示。
管状带式输送机输送的物料在压带辊及窗式托辊的强制作用下被包在皮带卷成的圆筒中间,不会造成粉尘污染,是理想的环保设备,还可以以一定圆弧转弯实现在复杂情况下的工艺布置。窗式托辊布置如图2所示。
管状带式输送机在三维空间的弯曲输送和封闭输送运行过程中,皮带会发生跑偏、扭转、撒料、胀管等现象,严重过度扭转时皮带会移出滚筒,在机架上逐渐向上折叠。同时,在机头、机尾滚筒处也会出现胶带折叠现象,导致设备停车,甚至发生事故,造成处理时间长、劳动强度大、维修成本高等不利因素,严重影响正常生产。
针对管状带式输送机运行中出现的跑偏、扭转等各类问题,在采用目前成形的各类保护装置的基础上,通过实际工作中积累的经验、教训,充分发挥基层及专业人员的智慧及实践经验,采取了一些简便、实用、有效的对策,对管状带式输送机的平稳运行起到了很大作用。
皮带跑偏是管状带式输送机在工作运行中最常遇到的现象,一旦管状带式输送机出现皮带跑偏,将造成输送途中撒料,皮带剧烈磨损,严重时导致皮带翻转,将影响到整条生产线的正常运行。滚筒安装位置不正、管状皮带长期运行磨损、皮带偏载、落料点位置不正、管状皮带内输送物料的冲击、皮带接头胶接不正、托辊架松动位置不正等都会造成皮带跑偏甚至翻转[1]。造成管状带式输送机皮带跑偏的主要原因如下:
(1)机架、滚筒、托辊安装精度差及使用调整不当。
(2)机身桁架接头不正,托辊架中心不对中,尤其是弯曲段桁架不在同一曲率上。
(3)皮带局部损伤,皮带张力过紧或过松,皮带不能形成正常管状。
(4)清扫性能不佳,在滚筒、托辊表面上粘附物料。
(1)安装皮带机纠偏装置,防止皮带跑偏并对跑偏皮带及时进行校正。
(2)及时调整皮带机托辊组。皮带偏向哪一侧,就调整哪一侧的托辊组朝皮带运行方向前移,或另外一侧后移。皮带向下方向跑偏,则托辊组的上位处应当向左移动,托辊组的下位处向右移动。
(3)安装自动调心托辊组。采用挡辊或托辊在水平面内转动阻挡或产生横向推力使皮带自动向心,达到调整皮带跑偏的目的。
(4)及时掌握并调整皮带机落料口位置或通过安装导料槽保证物料能够落在皮带中间。
(5)及时调整皮带机驱动滚筒与改向滚筒位置。作为皮带跑偏调整的重要环节,将传动滚筒轴心线调整至与皮带机长度方向垂直后,靠螺旋拉紧装置或重锤拉紧装置来调整尾部改向滚筒轴承座位置,并经过反复调整,直到皮带调到较理想位置,可有效消除皮带松弛、机架歪斜引起的皮带跑偏。
为防止突发状况下出现皮带跑偏造成皮带翻转现象,自制了防跑偏翻转装置,可及时发现皮带撕裂、撒料,防止事故扩大。防跑偏翻转装置结构如图3所示。
在机头展开段的管状皮带两侧分别安装极限触碰连杆并连接极限开关。当皮带向一侧跑偏超出设定范围或出现严重的翻转现象时,皮带边缘接触极限触碰连杆,带动极限开关作用,致使皮带停车。此装置可有效地发现管状皮带跑偏、翻转现象并及时停车,避免事故进一步扩大。
管状带式输送机在运行中出现撒料现象是一个普遍的问题,主要原因如下:
(1)运行过程中铁杂物进入管状带式输送机,造成皮带划伤,则在裂口处会发生不同程度的撒料。
(2)运行过程中由于皮带过长、承载不均、胀管等造成皮带撕边、挤伤及皮带两边出现缺口时,也将加重在转弯处的撒漏情况。
(3)运行过程中偶尔的大料流可能导致皮带胀管,易被托辊支架挤伤、撕裂,造成撒料。
(1)机头部位安装物料金属探测仪及电磁除铁器。金属探测仪是利用电磁原理使混入物料中的有害金属通过传感器时,仪器发出信号,使电磁除铁器工作或停止皮带。电磁除铁器是通过产生强大磁场从流动的物料中取出夹杂其中的铁磁性物质(例如铁丝、铁钉、铁块等),有效清除有害金属并防止金属杂质划裂、划伤皮带的事故发生。
(2)安装挡板、挡皮。在管状带式输送机皮带展开段两侧安装挡板、挡皮,防止物料从皮带两侧跑出,造成撒料现象。
(3)安装防堵漏装置。及时探测到下料漏子发生堵料并停止皮带机运行,起到及时保护皮带机并防止堵料、撒料的作用。
为防止突发状况下发生皮带撒料现象,自制安装多套防撕裂撒料装置,可及时发现皮带撕裂、撒料,防止事故扩大。防撒料装置结构如图4所示。
在管状带式输送机下方安装漏料托架及极限开关,用压簧调整好空置漏料托架与极限开关间的距离。发生撒料现象时,皮带内物料随即落入漏料托架内,当漏料托架内的物料超出设定压簧承载极限时,触碰极限开关,皮带立即停车,防止事故进一步扩大。
管状带式输送机密封管筒内的物料填充率一般不超过75%,一旦填充率过高、输送物料块度过大、受料不均并加上料流的不稳定性,极易发生胀管,导致胶带反包,托辊机架变形、过载及停机,甚至会出现拉伤、拉断皮带现象。
仓储中心部分管状皮带输送球团矿,受球团工艺影响,来料经常出现大块,尽管加装了下料篦子也不能完全杜绝大块物料进入皮带。在下料过程中若料流过大、皮带转速较低也极易造成胀管现象。另外,仓储中心管状皮带机输送线路较长,皮带机尾积料较多,清料时由于未能及时将积料处理均匀也极易造成胀管[2]
(1)控制皮带下料及流量。由于上游皮带下料过多,超出75%的允许填充率将造成皮带胀管,因此,必须严格控制上游皮带来料料流,避免料流不稳及偶尔大料流导致管状带式输送机内物料过多造成皮带胀管。
(2)安装限料器。在管状带式输送机机尾受料部位,沿着料流前进方向安装限料器,起到均匀料流、大股料流分摊及防止大块物料进入的作用,从而降低皮带胀管的风险。
在突发状况下,为避免胀管对管状带式输送机造成的损伤,自制安装了防胀管装置。防胀管装置结构如图5所示。
在管皮带下方安装防胀管触碰环装置,在满足管状带式输送机正常运行的情况下,设定好触碰环与管状皮带的间隙。当管状皮带发生胀管现象时,管状皮带被输送物料撑大以至于通过触碰环时带动摆锤,触动极限开关,及时停车。此装置也可同时预防管状皮带的撕裂,当管状皮带出现扯边现象时,扯下的皮带条接触到触碰环时同样会使管状带式输送机及时停车。
管状带式输送机跑偏的原因是多方面的,但由于管状带式输送机在仓储中心运行时间较短,还需进一步探索和完善。仓储中心结合实践经验并通过对设备存在的薄弱环节进行分析,开展自主改进,利用以上几种简易、实用的预防装置在管状带式输送机上的安装,提高了设备性能,有效降低了管状带式输送机的故障率,大幅提高了管状带式输送机的开动率,延长了皮带更换周期,实现以较小的投资获取较大的效益,达到了降成本、增效益的目的,有效避免高炉变料、待料、休风,保证了生产正常运行。
参考文献 引证文献
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[1]
潘磊, 李随军, 王兆祥. 管状带式输送机系统优化[J]. 山东冶金, 2012, 34(1):71-73.
[2]
吴忠, 冯福海, 王景全. 管状带式输送机的改造[J]. 南方金属, 2013,(3):44-46.
2022年第48卷第4期
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  • 接收时间:2022-06-12
  • 首发时间:2025-10-20
  • 出版时间:2022-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-12
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    内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司仓储中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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