Article(id=1187088801810760225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187088798216241684, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)04-0051-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1651161600000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760953625394, onlineDateStr=2025-10-20, pubDate=1661356800000, pubDateStr=2022-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760953625394, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760953625394, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760953625394, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1187088798216241684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1760953624537, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760953945042, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1187090142570365089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187088798216241684, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1187090142570365090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187088798216241684, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=51, endPage=54, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187340471329243466, articleId=1187088801810760225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Effects of Rare Earth Ce on Low Temperature Toughness of Hot Rolled U75V Rail, columnId=1187340471245357385, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Quality of Variety and Experiment and Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The smelting and rolling of hot rolled U75V rails with different contents of rare earth Ce are carried out in laboratory. The low temperature impacting property and fracture toughness of the rolled rail are compared and analyzed. The test results showed that the impact toughness of rail at room temperature could increase by about 30%, low temperature impacting property at -60 ℃ could increase by about 60% after add 0.005 6% rare earth Ce into hot rolled U75V rail; the average value of -20 ℃ KIC of rail increased by about 14% and the average value of -60 ℃ KIC of rail increased by about 15% so that the addition of rare earth Ce could further improve the low temperature toughness of hot rolled U75V rail.

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在实验室进行了不同稀土Ce含量的热轧态U75V钢轨冶炼及轧制,重点针对轧后钢轨低温冲击性能、低温断裂韧性进行对比分析。试验结果表明,热轧态U75V钢轨加入0.005 6%稀土Ce后,钢轨常温冲击韧性可提高30%左右,-60 ℃低温冲击韧性可提高60%左右;钢轨-20 ℃ KIC平均值提高14%左右,钢轨-60 ℃ KIC平均值提高15%左右,稀土Ce的加入进一步提升了热轧态U75V钢轨低温韧性。

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张凤明(1987-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,工程师,现从事钢轨产品研发工作。

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张凤明(1987-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,工程师,现从事钢轨产品研发工作。

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张凤明(1987-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,工程师,现从事钢轨产品研发工作。

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编号 C Si Mn V Ce P S
1# 0.760 0.635 0.908 0.071 0.018 0.001
2# 0.758 0.630 0.972 0.071 0.002 3 0.017 0.001
3# 0.758 0.639 1.010 0.073 0.005 6 0.014 0.001
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试验钢冶炼化学成分(质量分数) %

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编号 C Si Mn V Ce P S
1# 0.760 0.635 0.908 0.071 0.018 0.001
2# 0.758 0.630 0.972 0.071 0.002 3 0.017 0.001
3# 0.758 0.639 1.010 0.073 0.005 6 0.014 0.001
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编号 抗拉强度Rm/MPa 屈服强度Rp0.2/MPa 断后延伸率A/% 断面收缩率Z/% 踏面硬度(HBW)
1# 1 020 545 12.75 22.5 303
2# 1 040 571 13.50 23.5 309
3# 1 045 576 14.75 25.5 309
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试验钢的常规力学性能对比

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编号 抗拉强度Rm/MPa 屈服强度Rp0.2/MPa 断后延伸率A/% 断面收缩率Z/% 踏面硬度(HBW)
1# 1 020 545 12.75 22.5 303
2# 1 040 571 13.50 23.5 309
3# 1 045 576 14.75 25.5 309
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试验温度/℃ 1#试验钢 2#试验钢 3#试验钢
20 38.7 35.9 40.8 39.2 43.6 40.8 41.3 42.8 45.5
0 33.9 36.1 38.4 42.6 34.4 39.1 42.2 39.7 41.5
-20 32.8 34.0 31.9 36.2 35.2 35.9 38.4 35.4 39.1
-40 29.6 30.2 28.8 29.0 31.4 30.7 33.3 35.0 31.4
-60 26.3 24.5 28.0 27.6 29.7 28.8 28.6 31.5 30.7
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试验钢不同温度下断裂韧性KIC值 MPa·m1/2

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试验温度/℃ 1#试验钢 2#试验钢 3#试验钢
20 38.7 35.9 40.8 39.2 43.6 40.8 41.3 42.8 45.5
0 33.9 36.1 38.4 42.6 34.4 39.1 42.2 39.7 41.5
-20 32.8 34.0 31.9 36.2 35.2 35.9 38.4 35.4 39.1
-40 29.6 30.2 28.8 29.0 31.4 30.7 33.3 35.0 31.4
-60 26.3 24.5 28.0 27.6 29.7 28.8 28.6 31.5 30.7
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稀土Ce对热轧U75V钢轨低温韧性的影响
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张凤明 , 梁正伟 , 薛虎东 , 王嘉伟
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022,48(4): 51-54
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022, 48(4): 51-54
稀土Ce对热轧U75V钢轨低温韧性的影响
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张凤明, 梁正伟, 薛虎东, 王嘉伟
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 张凤明(1987-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,工程师,现从事钢轨产品研发工作。

Effects of Rare Earth Ce on Low Temperature Toughness of Hot Rolled U75V Rail
Feng-ming Zhang, Zheng-wei Liang, Hu-dong Xue, Jia-wei Wang
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-08-25
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在实验室进行了不同稀土Ce含量的热轧态U75V钢轨冶炼及轧制,重点针对轧后钢轨低温冲击性能、低温断裂韧性进行对比分析。试验结果表明,热轧态U75V钢轨加入0.005 6%稀土Ce后,钢轨常温冲击韧性可提高30%左右,-60 ℃低温冲击韧性可提高60%左右;钢轨-20 ℃ KIC平均值提高14%左右,钢轨-60 ℃ KIC平均值提高15%左右,稀土Ce的加入进一步提升了热轧态U75V钢轨低温韧性。

热轧U75V钢轨  /  稀土Ce  /  低温韧性

The smelting and rolling of hot rolled U75V rails with different contents of rare earth Ce are carried out in laboratory. The low temperature impacting property and fracture toughness of the rolled rail are compared and analyzed. The test results showed that the impact toughness of rail at room temperature could increase by about 30%, low temperature impacting property at -60 ℃ could increase by about 60% after add 0.005 6% rare earth Ce into hot rolled U75V rail; the average value of -20 ℃ KIC of rail increased by about 14% and the average value of -60 ℃ KIC of rail increased by about 15% so that the addition of rare earth Ce could further improve the low temperature toughness of hot rolled U75V rail.

hot rolled U75V rail  /  rare earth Ce  /  low temperature toughness
张凤明, 梁正伟, 薛虎东, 王嘉伟. 稀土Ce对热轧U75V钢轨低温韧性的影响. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (4) : 51 -54 .
Feng-ming Zhang, Zheng-wei Liang, Hu-dong Xue, Jia-wei Wang. Effects of Rare Earth Ce on Low Temperature Toughness of Hot Rolled U75V Rail[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (4) : 51 -54 .
随着我国铁路运营里程的增加,钢轨逐渐在高原、极寒地区大范围铺设,该地区线路部分地段常年平均气温在0 ℃以下,最低气温达-60 ℃左右,钢轨材料在低温条件下力学性能变差,容易发生脆性破坏,这直接威胁着铁路运输的安全,因此特殊路段对钢轨的低温韧性提出更高的要求。相关研究表明,稀土具有净化钢质和夹杂物变性的作用,适量的稀土可以减少夹杂物和改善夹杂物形态与尺寸大小,提高钢的强度和韧性[1]。在钢轨钢中加入适量的稀土,通过微合金化或稀土处理,可以起到细化晶粒的作用,从而进一步的改善钢材冲击韧性、变形能力、耐腐蚀性、焊接性能、耐磨性、疲劳性能等[2]。本文针对热轧U75V钢轨加入不同含量稀土Ce,进行常规力学性能、低温冲击韧性和低温断裂韧性探讨分析。
试验钢轨以C、Mn、Si、V、Ce为主要合金元素,使用废钢、纯铁、铁合金、稀土合金等作为原料进行电炉冶炼,控制电炉冶炼真空度在40 Pa以下,小炉冶炼过程中持续进行电磁搅拌、底吹搅拌等操作,达到钢液合金均质化的目的。冶炼中后期通过加入不同质量的铈铁合金,达到控制钢中不同稀土Ce含量的目的。
试验钢采用可逆式热轧试验机组进行轧制,轧机线速度不低于2 m/s,最大压下量不大于40%,轧制道次大于5,钢坯轧制压缩比不低于9∶1,初始成形温度为1 060~1 130 ℃,终成形温度为930~950 ℃,轧后空冷至室温。对试验钢进行常规力学性能、不同温度下冲击韧性、不同温度下断裂韧性KIC和金相组织对比分析。检测试验分析分别采用Instron60吨电子拉伸试验机、NI750冲击试验机、TH600布氏硬度计、德国蔡司observer AIM光学显微镜。
经中试小炉冶炼、轧制所得试验钢化学成分见表1
表1可知,1#—3#试验钢中C、Si、Mn、V、P、S元素含量基本相同,冶炼主成分元素质量分数均满足TB/T 2344.1—2020标准中对U75V钢轨的要求[3]。其中1#试验钢不含稀土Ce元素,2#试验钢中含有0.002 3%稀土Ce元素,3#试验钢中含有0.005 6%稀土Ce元素。
对1#—3#试验钢进行拉伸试验和硬度试验对比分析,试验结果见表2
表2可知,1#—3#试验钢的抗拉强度均大于980 MPa,断后伸长率均大于10%,踏面硬度HBW在280~320之间,1#—3#试验钢满足TB/T 2344.1—2020标准对热轧U75V钢轨的拉伸和硬度性能的要求[3]。2#试验钢加入0.002 3%稀土Ce,3#试验钢加入0.005 6%稀土Ce,对试验钢的强度、硬度有一定的提高作用,但效果并不明显。
对1#—3#试验钢进行-60~20 ℃的冲击韧性对比分析,试验结果见图1
图1可知,随着试验温度的降低,1#—3#试验钢平均冲击韧性均呈下降趋势。1#试验钢20 ℃平均冲击功11.4 J,-60 ℃平均冲击功5.0 J;2#试验钢20 ℃平均冲击功13.6 J,-60 ℃平均冲击功6.2 J;3#试验钢20 ℃平均冲击功15.1 J,-60 ℃平均冲击功8.1 J。相对于1#试验钢2#试验钢20 ℃冲击功提高19.3%,-60 ℃冲击功提高24.0%;3#试验钢20 ℃冲击功提高32.5%,-60 ℃冲击功提高62.0%。一定含量的稀土Ce可以提高试验钢冲击韧性,且相对于常温冲击韧性,稀土对试验钢低温冲击韧性改善作用更加显著。
对1#—3#试验钢进行-60~20 ℃不同温度下的断裂韧性KIC对比分析,试验结果见表3
表3可知,1#—3#试验钢-20 ℃断裂韧性KIC值在31.9~39.1 MPa·m1/2之间,满足TB/T 2344.1—2020标准中热轧U75V钢轨-20 ℃断裂韧性KIC单个最小值不大于26 MPa·m1/2,最小平均值不小于29 MPa·m1/2的要求。
图2可知,随着试验温度的降低,1#—3#试验钢断裂韧性KIC平均值呈下降趋势。相对于1#试验钢-20 ℃断裂韧性KIC平均值,2#试验钢提高8.8%,3#试验钢提高14.3%。1#试验钢-60 ℃ KIC平均值为26.3 MPa·m1/2,2#试验钢-60 ℃ KIC平均值为28.7 MPa·m1/2,3#试验钢-60 ℃ KIC平均值为30.3 MPa·m1/2,相对于1#试验钢-60 ℃断裂韧性KIC平均值,2#试验钢提高9.1%,3#试验钢提高15.2%,且只有3#试验钢的-60 ℃断裂韧性KIC平均值不低于30 MPa·m1/2。由结果可知,一定含量的稀土Ce可以提高试验钢的低温断裂韧性,提高低温路段钢轨服役安全性。
图3可知,1#—3#试验钢随着稀土含量的增加,试验钢的金相显微组织未发生变化,均为典型的珠光体加少量的铁素体组织,满足TB/T 2344.1—2020标准对热轧U75V钢轨的显微组织要求。相对于1#试验钢,2#、3#试验钢加入稀土Ce后原始奥氏体晶粒度评级有一定的提高,组织晶粒的细化可提高试验钢低温冲击韧性和断裂韧性。
(1)热轧U75V钢轨加入0.002 3%和0.005 6%稀土Ce后,对试验钢的强度、硬度、显微组织影响不大,各项性能均满足TB/T 2344.1—2020标准对热轧U75V钢轨的性能要求。
(2)热轧U75V钢轨加入0.002 3%稀土Ce后,20 ℃冲击功提高19.3%,-60 ℃冲击功提高24.0%;加入0.005 6%稀土Ce后,20 ℃冲击功提高32.5%,-60 ℃冲击功提高62.0%。一定含量的稀土Ce可以提高钢轨冲击韧性,且稀土元素对钢轨低温冲击韧性改善作用更加显著。
(3)热轧U75V钢轨加入0.002 3%稀土Ce后,-20 ℃断裂韧性KIC平均值提高8.8%,-60 ℃ KIC平均值提高9.1%;加入0.005 6%稀土Ce后,-20 ℃断裂韧性KIC平均值提高14.3%,-60 ℃ KIC平均值提高15.2%,且钢轨加入0.005 6%稀土Ce后-60 ℃断裂韧性KIC平均值不低于30 MPa·m1/2。一定含量的稀土Ce可以有效的提高钢轨低温断裂韧性,提高低温路段钢轨服役安全性。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
王龙妹, 杜挺, 卢先利, 等. 微量稀土元素在钢中的作用及应用研究[J]. 稀土, 2001, 22(4):37-40.
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林勤, 宋波, 郭兴敏, 等. 钢中稀土微合金化作用与应用前景[J]. 稀土, 2001, 22(4):31-36.
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TB/T 2344.1—2020,钢轨第1部分:43-75 kg/m钢轨[S].
2022年第48卷第4期
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  • 接收时间:2022-04-29
  • 首发时间:2025-10-20
  • 出版时间:2022-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-29
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    内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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