Article(id=1187088801093534237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187088798216241684, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)04-0095-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1650211200000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760953625223, onlineDateStr=2025-10-20, pubDate=1661356800000, pubDateStr=2022-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760953625223, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760953625223, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760953625223, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1187088798216241684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1760953624537, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760953945042, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1187090142570365089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187088798216241684, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1187090142570365090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187088798216241684, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=95, endPage=98, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187340476815393145, articleId=1187088801093534237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Analysis on Carbon Emission and Carbon Reduction Path in Full Life Cycle of Rare Earth Wear Resistant Steel, columnId=1187102804364640261, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Others, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The rare earth wear resistant steel produced by the production line of wide and thick plate of Baotou Steel is the national green design product. In this paper, the distribution of carbon emissions for products in such four stages as within enterprise, load of upstream, transportation stage and recycling by products and carbon emission of each working procedure in enterprise are analyzed as well as the technological paths of carbon drop for rare earth wear resistant steel products are discussed through the life cycle assessment (LCA) of product. The results showed that the carbon emission of rare earth wear resistant steel was mainly in enterprise, accounted for about 78.86% so that such processes as the iron making, sintering and coking as well as energy load in enterprise were the key points of carbon drop, recycle of by products played an active role in carbon drop and applications of advanced technologies made significant carbon drop possible. The carbon emissions in enterprise will be increased by developing high-performance rare earth wear resistant steel, but the effects of energy conservation and carbon drop for the society are significant so that it plays an active role in realizing carbon neutrality in our country to vigorously promote and apply rare earth wear resistant steel.

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包钢宽厚板生产线生产的稀土耐磨钢是国家级绿色设计产品,文章通过对该产品进行生命周期评价(LCA),分析产品碳排放在企业内部、上游负荷、运输阶段和副产品循环利用四个阶段的分布情况,以及企业内部各工序的碳排放情况,对稀土耐磨钢产品降碳技术路径进行讨论。结果表明,稀土耐磨钢的碳排放主要在企业内部,约占78.86%,炼铁、烧结、焦化等工序以及企业内部的能源负荷是降碳的重点,副产品的回收利用对降碳具有积极的作用,先进技术的应用使大幅降碳成为可能。高性能稀土耐磨钢的开发在企业内部会增加碳排放,但对社会的节能降碳效果显著,大力推广应用稀土耐磨钢对我国实现碳中和有积极的作用。

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曹晓明(1985-),男,山西省大同市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事生态设计和低碳研究工作。

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曹晓明(1985-),男,山西省大同市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事生态设计和低碳研究工作。

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曹晓明(1985-),男,山西省大同市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事生态设计和低碳研究工作。

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稀土耐磨钢全生命周期碳排放及减碳路径分析
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曹晓明 1 , 班华 1 , 袁晓鸣 2 , 忠诚 1 , 孙佳政 1
包钢科技 | 其他 2022,48(4): 95-98
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包钢科技 | 其他 2022, 48(4): 95-98
稀土耐磨钢全生命周期碳排放及减碳路径分析
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曹晓明1, 班华1, 袁晓鸣2, 忠诚1, 孙佳政1
作者信息
  • 1 包钢集团节能环保中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 曹晓明(1985-),男,山西省大同市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事生态设计和低碳研究工作。

Analysis on Carbon Emission and Carbon Reduction Path in Full Life Cycle of Rare Earth Wear Resistant Steel
Xiao-ming Cao1, Hua Ban1, Xiao-ming Yuan2, Cheng Zhong1, Jia-zheng Sun1
Affiliations
  • 1 Baotou Steel Group Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Center, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-08-25
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包钢宽厚板生产线生产的稀土耐磨钢是国家级绿色设计产品,文章通过对该产品进行生命周期评价(LCA),分析产品碳排放在企业内部、上游负荷、运输阶段和副产品循环利用四个阶段的分布情况,以及企业内部各工序的碳排放情况,对稀土耐磨钢产品降碳技术路径进行讨论。结果表明,稀土耐磨钢的碳排放主要在企业内部,约占78.86%,炼铁、烧结、焦化等工序以及企业内部的能源负荷是降碳的重点,副产品的回收利用对降碳具有积极的作用,先进技术的应用使大幅降碳成为可能。高性能稀土耐磨钢的开发在企业内部会增加碳排放,但对社会的节能降碳效果显著,大力推广应用稀土耐磨钢对我国实现碳中和有积极的作用。

稀土耐磨钢  /  LCA  /  碳减排

The rare earth wear resistant steel produced by the production line of wide and thick plate of Baotou Steel is the national green design product. In this paper, the distribution of carbon emissions for products in such four stages as within enterprise, load of upstream, transportation stage and recycling by products and carbon emission of each working procedure in enterprise are analyzed as well as the technological paths of carbon drop for rare earth wear resistant steel products are discussed through the life cycle assessment (LCA) of product. The results showed that the carbon emission of rare earth wear resistant steel was mainly in enterprise, accounted for about 78.86% so that such processes as the iron making, sintering and coking as well as energy load in enterprise were the key points of carbon drop, recycle of by products played an active role in carbon drop and applications of advanced technologies made significant carbon drop possible. The carbon emissions in enterprise will be increased by developing high-performance rare earth wear resistant steel, but the effects of energy conservation and carbon drop for the society are significant so that it plays an active role in realizing carbon neutrality in our country to vigorously promote and apply rare earth wear resistant steel.

rare earth wear resistant steel  /  LCA  /  carbon emission reduction
曹晓明, 班华, 袁晓鸣, 忠诚, 孙佳政. 稀土耐磨钢全生命周期碳排放及减碳路径分析. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (4) : 95 -98 .
Xiao-ming Cao, Hua Ban, Xiao-ming Yuan, Cheng Zhong, Jia-zheng Sun. Analysis on Carbon Emission and Carbon Reduction Path in Full Life Cycle of Rare Earth Wear Resistant Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (4) : 95 -98 .
我国已经确定二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值,努力争取2060年前实现碳中和的目标。钢铁工业碳排放占全国排放的15%左右,钢铁企业面临巨大的减碳压力。工信部《“十四五”工业绿色发展规划》提出要强化全生命周期理念,全方位全过程推行工业产品绿色设计,加大绿色低碳产品供给,鼓励企业运用绿色设计方法与工具,开发推广一批高性能、高质量、轻量化、低碳环保产品。绿色钢铁产品的设计与开发成为趋势,也是企业实现碳中和的重要支撑。本文应用生命周期评价(LCA)的方法,对包钢宽厚板生产线生产的稀土耐磨钢进行全流程的碳排放分析,对降碳路径和对社会的减碳贡献进行分析讨论。
耐磨钢因具有高耐磨性、较好的力学和加工性能而广泛应用于煤炭、冶金等行业,与其他材料相比,有很高的性价比,受到越来越多行业和厂家的青睐。近年来包钢开发了系列稀土钢产品,适量稀土的添加,对钢铁材料的物理性能(尤其是低温冲击韧性)有显著提高外,还对材料的耐磨性、耐蚀性、焊接性等有奇妙的改善作用[1],经过生态设计的包钢BTNM系列稀土钢产品已经被评为国家级绿色设计产品。
对于钢铁行业来说,低碳发展必须从全流程角度分析并开展降碳工作,LCA是一种面向产品“从摇篮到坟墓”的环境管理方法与分析工具,是系统化、定量化描述产品生命周期中的各种资源、能源消耗和环境排放的重要方法,已经成为国际上进行绿色对话的标准语言,被广泛应用于产品环境足迹、绿色产品、绿色制造、绿色供应链、生态设计等方面[2]。包钢作为国内钢铁行业第二家开展LCA研究的企业,通过多年的探索研究,构建起完整的产品LCA技术体系,在铁矿石开采、钢铁和稀土产品生产、生态设计、工艺改进、固废循环利用等多个方面具有创新性LCA研究成果,公司已经将LCA作为实现碳达峰、碳中和的重要支撑工具之一。
以宽厚板生产线生产的系列稀土耐磨钢为研究对象,系统功能单位确定为1 kg稀土耐磨钢,研究边界从包钢白云鄂博矿铁矿采选开始,到产品的生产完成,包括废钢循环利用和副产品再利用,即原辅料与能源开采、生产、运输、稀土耐磨钢生产、循环再利用四个阶段,具体见图1。计算工具为包钢自主开发的LCA软件,数据主要采用现场某一时间段内的生产数据,部分缺失数据从商业数据库中获取,整体数据质量较高,保证计算结果的准确性。
对稀土耐磨钢全流程各阶段的碳排放量化分析是计算产品碳足迹、开展产品绿色设计的关键。通过计算得到稀土耐磨钢全流程各阶段碳排放的分布情况,如图2所示。碳排放主要分布在企业内部,占到78.86%,降碳的关键措施也应主要在企业内部开展。外部的原材料、能源和辅料的运输所带来的碳排放占到1.70%,该部分主要通过减少运输距离、采用清洁化运输实现降碳。上游负荷占到总排放的14.70%,为全流程碳排放第二位,该阶段主要是原材料、能源和辅料的开采和生产时所产生的碳排放,说明原材料、能源和辅料的碳排放对稀土耐磨钢的碳排放的影响也应该重视。副产品的回收利用给稀土耐磨钢带来的碳排放扣减为4.74%,主要构成是钢铁渣、高炉除尘灰和转炉除尘灰等循环利用。
包钢内部生产过程是稀土耐磨钢碳排放的主要产生阶段,用LCA计算分析内部各工序的碳排放,可以更加详细分析碳排放分布,与能源管理共同为现场的节能减排工作提供支撑。在计算分析内部碳排放时采用两种方法,方法一是假设稀土耐磨钢生产由主生产系统组成,能源供应系统作为公共设施,其碳排放按主生产系统的使用量转嫁到主生产工序,如电厂的碳排放按耗电量转加给炼铁、焦化等主生产工序,即主生产工序的碳排放由过程直接、自产能源和内部回用三个部分组成。该方法主要用来揭示工序能耗和产品成材率对碳排放的影响,但没有反映能源系统特性对内部碳排放的影响。通过该方法计算碳排放前三位的工序分别为炼铁工序占43.64%、烧结工序占16.90%、焦化工序占11.57%,其他工序分别为热轧、热处理、选矿、采矿、石灰焙烧等,具体如图3所示。
方法二是假设稀土耐磨钢生产由主生产系统和能源系统组成,主生产工序的内部碳排放由直接和内部回用两部分组成。能源系统的碳排放单独核算,由各工序消耗的二次能源的负荷累加组成。通过该方法可以将内部能源系统对碳排放的影响清楚地反映出来。该方法计算碳排放为炼铁工序占35.56%,能源系统占31.31%,烧结工序占10.65%,焦化工序占8.07%,热轧工序占6.99%,采矿工序占2.32%,热处理工序占2.32%,石灰焙烧占1.77%,具体如图4所示。
在生产稀土耐磨钢的全流程中,炼铁、烧结、焦化等工序以及能源系统是减碳关键。炼铁工序中提高球团矿的比例、降低高炉焦比、余热和煤气回收等都是降碳的重点。高炉热风炉和麦尔兹窑是二氧化碳主要排放口,开展碳捕集利用和封存(CCUS)对降低稀土耐磨钢的碳排放有积极的贡献。
从LCA的角度分析,副产品的回收利用可扣减掉稀土耐磨钢的碳排放,充分利用含铁含碳固废,实现废钢、氧化铁皮循环利用,开展技术攻关使副产品实现更高附加值的循环利用,产品的碳排放将进一步降低。例如包钢碳化法钢铁渣综合利用、脱硫石膏生产硫酸钙等项目建成投产后,对降低稀土耐磨钢碳排放有重要意义。
提高能源效率并挑战极致能效,是企业节能降碳的基础,已经成为共识。通过建立科学合理的管理体系,加强能源数字化管理,开展节能项目,更换节能设备等工作都是降碳的重要措施,也是现阶段降碳的重点工作。随着风电、光伏发电等清洁能源比例的不断提高,能源系统带来的碳排放也将进一步降低。
稀土耐磨钢通过添加稀土合金和增加工序使企业内部碳排放有所增加,但产品性能得到提高。通过磨粒磨损试验发现稀土耐磨钢(BTNM450)比普通耐磨钢的耐磨损性能提高了26.4%,相同工况下稀土耐磨钢的使用寿命将比普通耐磨钢延长,大幅减少下游使用量,从而降低碳排放。从全生命周期的角度来看大力推广应用高性能稀土耐磨钢,将为全社会实现碳中和目标作出积极贡献。
(1)利用LCA分析稀土耐磨钢碳排放分布可知,企业内部占78.86%,外部的原材料、能源和辅料的运输占1.70%,上游负荷占14.70%,副产品的回收利用的碳排放扣减为4.74%。
(2)炼铁、烧结、焦化等工序以及企业内部的能源负荷是降碳的重点,提高能源效率是现阶段降碳的关键。副产品的回收利用对降碳具有积极的作用,先进技术的应用使大幅降碳成为可能。
(3)从全生命周期的角度分析,高性能稀土耐磨钢的开发在企业内部会增加碳排放,但对社会的节能降碳效果显著,应大力推广应用稀土耐磨钢,为我国实现碳中和作出贡献。
  • 内蒙古包头市青年创新人才项目(2019-40-03)
参考文献 引证文献
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陆斌, 张军, 张文博, 等. 稀土耐磨钢绿色产品设计与研发[J]. 包钢科技, 2019, 45(6):6-9.
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刘涛, 刘颖昊, 周烨. 生命周期评价方法在钢铁企业低碳发展规划中的应用[J]. 中国冶金, 2021, 31(9):130-134.
2022年第48卷第4期
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  • 接收时间:2022-04-18
  • 首发时间:2025-10-20
  • 出版时间:2022-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-18
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内蒙古包头市青年创新人才项目(2019-40-03)
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    1 包钢集团节能环保中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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