Article(id=1187088800233697442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187088798216241684, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)04-0037-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1648569600000, receivedDateStr=2022-03-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760953625019, onlineDateStr=2025-10-20, pubDate=1661356800000, pubDateStr=2022-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760953625019, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760953625019, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760953625019, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1187088798216241684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1760953624537, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760953945042, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1187090142570365089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187088798216241684, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1187090142570365090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187088798216241684, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=37, endPage=40, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187340472126157402, articleId=1187088800233697442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Effects of Scratch on Quality of Phosphating Film for Cold Rolled Automobile Steel Sheet DC04, columnId=1187340471245357385, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Quality of Variety and Experiment and Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The effects of surface morphology for cold rolled automobile steel on the morphology, compactness and phase composition of phosphating film are very important, but there would be inevitably some scratches in such processes as packaging and transportation. The effects of artificial scratches on the surface roughness, morphology of phosphating film and phase composition of cold rolled automobile steel DC04 are analyzed with such test equipment as the surface roughometer, scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffractometer. The results showed that the average value of surface roughness R a was 1.124 μm for mother blank of DC04, average value of peak density R P c was 76.5 cm-1, R a basically unchanged and R P c decreased slightly after artificial grinding; R a of all samples for DC04 changed a little, but R P c increased slightly compared with those before phosphating; local structure of phosphating film on the surface of sample with artificial scratch was discontinuous, content of incompact zinc phosphate tetrahydrate, Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O in the phosphating phase was 100%, content of compact zinc ferrous phosphate tetrahydrate, Zn2Fe(PO4)2·4H2O and value of “P ratio” were zero, so the phosphating effect was poor.

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冷轧汽车钢表面形貌对磷化膜的形貌、致密性及相组成有很重要的影响,但在包装、运输等过程中难免会产生部分划痕。采用表面粗糙度仪、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等检测设备,分析人工划痕对冷轧汽车钢DC04表面粗糙度、磷化膜形貌及物相组成的影响。结果表明,DC04母板表面的粗糙度 R a平均值为1.124 μm,峰值密度 R P c平均值为76.5 cm-1,人工打磨后,粗糙度 R a基本不变,峰值密度 R P c略有降低;和磷化前相化,DC04所有试样表面的粗糙度 R a变化不大,但峰值密度 R P c略有升高;有人工划痕试样表面磷化膜局部结构不连续,磷化相中不致密四水合磷酸锌Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O的含量为100%,致密的四水合磷酸亚铁锌Zn2Fe(PO4)2·4H2O的含量为零,“P比”值为零,磷化效果较差。

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张晓磊(1987-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事汽车钢认证及技术服务工作。

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张晓磊(1987-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事汽车钢认证及技术服务工作。

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张晓磊(1987-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事汽车钢认证及技术服务工作。

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ArticleFig(id=1187340566976148272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187088800233697442, language=CN, label=图2, caption=DC04表面磷化膜形貌, figureFileSmall=kdFMw3B9GlPdt2/TNOsGPg==, figureFileBig=LxkMOq2b3gK92G7ASBbrtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1187340567047451442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187088800233697442, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
C Si Mn S P Nb Ti Al N
0.004 <0.030 0.156 0.006 0.011 0.004 0.060 0.036 0.003
), ArticleFig(id=1187340567131337524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187088800233697442, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验钢的化学成分(质量分数) %

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C Si Mn S P Nb Ti Al N
0.004 <0.030 0.156 0.006 0.011 0.004 0.060 0.036 0.003
), ArticleFig(id=1187340567244583734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187088800233697442, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样状态 粗糙度 R a / μ m 峰值密度 R P c / c m - 1
检测值 平均值 检测值 平均值
母板 1.026 1.278 1.062 1.186 1.067 1.124 72.5 75.0 77.5 77.5 80.0 76.5
人工打磨 0.995 0.923 1.304 1.212 0.919 1.071 72.5 67.5 72.5 77.5 80.0 74.0
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DC04母板、人工打磨试样表面粗糙度、峰值密度

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试样状态 粗糙度 R a / μ m 峰值密度 R P c / c m - 1
检测值 平均值 检测值 平均值
母板 1.026 1.278 1.062 1.186 1.067 1.124 72.5 75.0 77.5 77.5 80.0 76.5
人工打磨 0.995 0.923 1.304 1.212 0.919 1.071 72.5 67.5 72.5 77.5 80.0 74.0
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试样状态 粗糙度 R a / μ m 峰值密度 R P c / c m - 1
检测值 平均值 检测值 平均值
母板 1.063 1.168 1.089 1.167 1.035 1.104 75.0 92.5 67.5 85.0 82.5 80.5
人工打磨 1.183 1.079 1.222 1.217 1.087 1.158 72.5 92.5 60.0 70.0 82.5 75.5
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磷化后DC04母板、人工打磨试验表面粗糙度、峰值密度

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试样状态 粗糙度 R a / μ m 峰值密度 R P c / c m - 1
检测值 平均值 检测值 平均值
母板 1.063 1.168 1.089 1.167 1.035 1.104 75.0 92.5 67.5 85.0 82.5 80.5
人工打磨 1.183 1.079 1.222 1.217 1.087 1.158 72.5 92.5 60.0 70.0 82.5 75.5
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划痕对冷轧汽车钢板DC04磷化膜质量的影响
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张晓磊 , 杨维宇 , 刘妍 , 刘恩泽
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022,48(4): 37-40
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022, 48(4): 37-40
划痕对冷轧汽车钢板DC04磷化膜质量的影响
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张晓磊, 杨维宇, 刘妍, 刘恩泽
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 张晓磊(1987-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事汽车钢认证及技术服务工作。

Effects of Scratch on Quality of Phosphating Film for Cold Rolled Automobile Steel Sheet DC04
Xiao-lei Zhang, Wei-yu Yang, Yan Liu, En-ze Liu
Affiliations
  • Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Steel Plate Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-08-25
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冷轧汽车钢表面形貌对磷化膜的形貌、致密性及相组成有很重要的影响,但在包装、运输等过程中难免会产生部分划痕。采用表面粗糙度仪、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等检测设备,分析人工划痕对冷轧汽车钢DC04表面粗糙度、磷化膜形貌及物相组成的影响。结果表明,DC04母板表面的粗糙度 R a平均值为1.124 μm,峰值密度 R P c平均值为76.5 cm-1,人工打磨后,粗糙度 R a基本不变,峰值密度 R P c略有降低;和磷化前相化,DC04所有试样表面的粗糙度 R a变化不大,但峰值密度 R P c略有升高;有人工划痕试样表面磷化膜局部结构不连续,磷化相中不致密四水合磷酸锌Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O的含量为100%,致密的四水合磷酸亚铁锌Zn2Fe(PO4)2·4H2O的含量为零,“P比”值为零,磷化效果较差。

冷轧汽车钢DC04  /  粗糙度  /  峰值密度  /  磷化膜  /  表面形貌

The effects of surface morphology for cold rolled automobile steel on the morphology, compactness and phase composition of phosphating film are very important, but there would be inevitably some scratches in such processes as packaging and transportation. The effects of artificial scratches on the surface roughness, morphology of phosphating film and phase composition of cold rolled automobile steel DC04 are analyzed with such test equipment as the surface roughometer, scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffractometer. The results showed that the average value of surface roughness R a was 1.124 μm for mother blank of DC04, average value of peak density R P c was 76.5 cm-1, R a basically unchanged and R P c decreased slightly after artificial grinding; R a of all samples for DC04 changed a little, but R P c increased slightly compared with those before phosphating; local structure of phosphating film on the surface of sample with artificial scratch was discontinuous, content of incompact zinc phosphate tetrahydrate, Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O in the phosphating phase was 100%, content of compact zinc ferrous phosphate tetrahydrate, Zn2Fe(PO4)2·4H2O and value of “P ratio” were zero, so the phosphating effect was poor.

cold rolled automobile steel DC04  /  roughness  /  peak density  /  phosphating film  /  surface morphology
张晓磊, 杨维宇, 刘妍, 刘恩泽. 划痕对冷轧汽车钢板DC04磷化膜质量的影响. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (4) : 37 -40 .
Xiao-lei Zhang, Wei-yu Yang, Yan Liu, En-ze Liu. Effects of Scratch on Quality of Phosphating Film for Cold Rolled Automobile Steel Sheet DC04[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (4) : 37 -40 .
钢铁材料表面质量属于非结构性功能中重要的评价指标之一,良好的表面质量不仅是工序质量控制的基础,更决定或影响了用户的生产工艺,构成用户对产品质量的直观感受,其中冷轧和镀锌板表面粗糙度越来越受到关注。表面带有适当的粗糙度不仅可以降低冲压成形过程中的冲废率,同样能提高后续工艺(如磷化、涂镀工艺)的附着力。
汽车工业的不断发展,各汽车厂家对冷轧汽车板的后续涂装工艺的适应性提出了较高的要求。为了保证汽车涂漆质量,在汽车车身进行涂装前,都对汽车车身进行表面处理。在各种表面处理工艺中,磷化处理是一种最为简单可靠、操作方便的工艺方法。磷化处理技术就是利用金属表面与磷化液发生一系列化学反应,在金属表面形成一层膜,这种膜称为磷化膜。
磷化膜作为油漆涂层的基底,能显著提高涂层的耐腐蚀性,阻止腐蚀向冷轧汽车板表面扩散,增强漆膜的附着力,经磷化再电泳的冷轧板耐腐蚀能力比直接电泳板提高了12倍。磷化膜的质量会直接影响到汽车车身表面涂饰的质量,其在车身表面涂饰工艺中具有重要的地位。陈义庆等研究了化学元素、表面涂油量、表面粗糙度及磷化膜中Zn含量对磷化膜中“P比”值的影响[1]。杨成志等研究了表面锈蚀、色差、残油、镀液残留、冷凝水残留等缺陷对磷化膜生成质量的影响[2]。但很少有学者研究表面划痕对冷轧或镀锌板磷化膜质量的影响。为此,本文采用冷轧汽车钢DC04为试验材料,采用表面粗糙度仪、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪分析人工划痕对试验钢表面粗糙度、磷化膜质量的影响。
汽车钢表面处理流程为脱脂→水洗→纯水洗→表调→磷化→水洗→钝化→烘干→电泳。以某钢厂生产厚度为0.9 mm的冷轧退火态DC04汽车钢板为原料,加工成大小为150 mm×70 mm试样,其中一组试样采用1 000目砂纸对试样表面进行打磨,人工制造划痕,另一组试样表面保留出厂状态,将两组试样委托至中国汽车工程研究院进行磷化处理。试验钢化学成分如表1所示。
采用NDT160表面粗糙度仪,对试样不同表面状态的试验钢磷化前、后表面粗糙度 R a、峰值密度 R P c进行测量。取样长度0.8 mm,测量探针运动方向垂直于钢板的轧制方向,每块板测量5点求平均值。采用LEOEVO50HV扫描电镜、蔡司Sigma 500扫描电镜对试样表面形貌、磷化膜微观形貌进行观察。采用荷兰帕纳克X射线衍射仪对磷化膜物相进行检测,工作条件为Cu靶、电压40 kV、电流40 mA,连续扫描,每步停留20 s,步长0.025°。
采用NDT160表面粗糙度仪对DC04母板、人工打磨试样表面的粗糙度 R a、峰值密度 R P c值进行测量,检测结果如表2所示。由表2可知,DC04母板表面的粗糙度 R a平均值为1.124 μm,峰值密度 R P c平均值为76.5 cm-1,经人工打磨再检测,DC04表面的粗糙度 R a、峰值密度 R P c都略有降低,分别降为1.071 μm、74.0 cm-1
采用扫描电镜对DC04母板及人工打磨试样的表面进行分析,如图1所示。带钢表面粗糙度及微观形貌是通过轧辊在轧制过程中转印到带钢表面的,通过轧制将轧辊表面的“尖峰”拷贝到带钢表面,试样表面由许多“微坑”和“凸起”组成。未经打磨的DC04母材表面“微坑”和“凸起”较为均匀,人工打磨后,试样表面出现较深划痕。
磷化膜可以增加电泳漆和板材之间的结合力,其表面质量对电泳漆膜的表面质量产生影响。电泳要求磷化膜致密、均匀,结晶粗大的磷化膜表面不易形成好的电泳漆膜,一般地讲,磷化膜的结晶粒度应小于6 μm。
磷化后DC04母板、人工打磨试样表面的粗糙度 R a、峰值密度 R P c表3所示。磷化后DC04母板试样表面的粗糙度 R a平均值为1.104 μm,峰值密度 R P c平均值为80.5 cm-1,人工打磨试样经磷化后表面的粗糙度 R a平均值为1.158 μm,峰值密度 R P c平均值为75.5 cm-1,和表2相比,磷化前后,无论是母板还是人工打磨后试样表面的粗糙度 R a变化不大,但峰值密度 R P c略有升高。
DC04母板、人工打磨试样磷化膜形貌如图2所示。从图2(a)(b)可见,磷化膜致密、均匀分布在试样表面,磷化结晶粒度小于5 μm,但试样表面的“微坑”和“凸起”可见,所以磷化工艺对DC04表面粗糙度 R a、峰值密度 R P c影响不大。从图2(c)(d)可知,人工打磨试样表面大部分区域的磷化膜较为完整,结构连续且致密,但划痕较深处磷化膜并未完全覆盖试样表面,放大观察,磷化膜出现孔洞,即局部磷化异常以及磷化膜结构不连续,所以人工打磨试样表面生成的划痕对磷化膜的连续性、致密性有影响。
DC04母板表面的物相中主要含有大量的四水合磷酸亚铁锌Zn2Fe(PO4)2·4H2O、少量的四水合磷酸锌Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O,而经人工打磨试样表面的物相中全部为四水合磷酸锌Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O,不含四水合磷酸亚铁锌Zn2Fe(PO4)2·4H2O。
锌系磷化膜中除含四水合磷酸锌之外,其磷酸亚铁锌,如Zn2Mn(PO4)2·4H2O、Zn2Fe(PO4)2·4H2O等在整个磷化膜中所占的比例,称为磷化膜的“P比”值。磷化膜的“P比”值越大,其质量越好,冷轧汽车板喷漆后漆膜的质量,尤其是漆膜的附着力性能也就越高。在实际生产中,直接对磷化膜“P比”值进行检测,即可知道涂层附着力的稳定性及相应等级,对大批量生产具有重要指导意义,用“P比”值来衡量磷化膜的质量在汽车生产领域已经得到广泛的认可。结合扫描电镜形貌、X射线衍射物相分析,在相同的磷化工艺条件下,人工打磨试样磷化膜结晶粒度差别不大,但物相组成相差很大,人工打磨试样的磷化膜中并未含有四水合磷酸亚铁锌Zn2Fe(PO4)2·4H2O,简单说“P比”值为零,磷化膜质量较差。
(1)DC04母板表面的粗糙度 R a平均值为1.124 μm,峰值密度 R P c平均值为76.5 cm-1,人工打磨后,粗糙度 R a、峰值密度 R P c都略有降低,平均值分别降为1.071 μm、74.0 cm-1
(2)磷化后DC04母板表面的粗糙度 R a平均值为1.104 μm,峰值密度 R P c平均值为80.5 cm-1,人工打磨试样表面的粗糙度 R a平均值为1.158 μm,峰值密度 R P c平均值为75.5 cm-1,磷化工艺对DC04表面粗糙度影响不大,会使峰值密度提高。
(3)在相同的磷化工艺下,人工划痕对DC04表面磷化膜的结晶尺寸影响不大,基本小于5 μm,但划痕较深处磷化膜并未完全覆盖试样表面,磷化膜结构不连续,致密性减弱。
(4)人工打磨试样后,表面细微结构被破坏,导致磷化形核位置减少,磷化时全部形成了致密性较差的四水合磷酸锌Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O,而致密性较好的四水合磷酸亚铁锌Zn2Fe(PO4)2·4H2O的含量为零,“P比”值为零,磷化膜质量较差。
参考文献 引证文献
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[1]
陈义庆, 徐小连, 钟彬, 等. 锌含量对冷轧汽车板磷化膜中“P比”值的影响[J]. 材料保护, 2010, 43(8):57-59.
[2]
杨成志, 董蓓, 彭周, 等. 表面缺陷对预磷化电镀锌板磷化膜质量的影响[J]. 材料保护, 2018, 51(2):9-13.
2022年第48卷第4期
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  • 接收时间:2022-03-30
  • 首发时间:2025-10-20
  • 出版时间:2022-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-30
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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