Article(id=1187050101487845883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187029888956510427, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)05-0041-08, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717171200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760944398519, onlineDateStr=2025-10-20, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760944398519, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760944398519, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760944398519, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1187029888956510427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1760939579476, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760941227119, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1187036799714083448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187029888956510427, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1187036799714083449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187029888956510427, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=41, endPage=48, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187104194453450975, articleId=1187050101487845883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Effects of Trace Rare Earth Elements on Microstructure and Properties of Cold Formed Ultra High Strength Automobile Steel, columnId=null, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the rapid rise of production and sales volume for new energy automobile, the quantity demanded of ultra high strength automobile steel is increasing. The problems such as spring back, deformation and cracking in cold forming process of ultra high strength automobile steel become the main factors restricting its applications. Therefore, it is of practical application values and huge market potential to develop a kind of automobile steel with high strength and excellent formability. It is found in many studies that the comprehensive properties of automobile steel could be improved by adding rare earth elements. In this paper, two groups of composition schemes are designed and the same process parameters of annealing of reverse transformation (ART) are used. The influencing mechanisms of rare earth elements on the microstructure and properties of cold formed ultra high strength automobile steel are studied by means of tensile test, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the microstructure of experimental steel was martensite, retained austenite and trace ferrite under the ART process, but content of retained austenite of experimental steel with rare earth in the two composition schemes was slightly higher than that of experimental steel without rare earth, which provided the microstructure basis for transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect in subsequent forming process. Under the optimum heat treatment process parameters of quenching at 800 ℃ and holding for 5 min., then annealing at 645 ℃ and holding for 15 min., the content of retained austenite in experimental steel with rare earth in the first scheme is increased by 8.1% compared with that of experimental steel without rare earth, percentage elongation after fracture is increased by 21.8% as well as product of strength and elongation (PSE) is increased by 17.2% and reaches 28.47 GPa·%; in the second scheme, the content of retained austenite in experimental steel with rare earth is increased by 4% compared with that of experimental steel without rare earth, percentage elongation after fracture is increased by 2.8% as well as PSE is increased by 5.1% and reaches 34.8 GPa·%, which illustrate that the comprehensive properties of ultra high strength automobile steel could be improved to different extent by adding rare earth elements.

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随着新能源汽车产销量的快速崛起,超高强度汽车钢的需求量越来越大。而超高强度汽车钢冷成型过程中的回弹和变形开裂问题成为制约超高强度汽车钢应用的主要因素。因此,开发一种强度高且成型性能优良的汽车钢具有实际应用价值,市场潜力巨大。许多研究发现,在汽车钢中加入稀土元素可以提高其综合性能。文章设计了两组成分方案,采用相同的逆相变退火(ART)工艺参数,通过拉伸试验、扫描电镜以及XRD等手段研究了稀土元素对冷成型超高强度汽车钢的组织性能影响机制。结果表明,在ART退火工艺下,试验钢微观组织均为马氏体、残余奥氏体和微量铁素体,但两种成分方案中添加稀土试验钢的残余奥氏体含量略高于不含稀土试验钢,为后续成型过程中的TRIP效应提供了组织基础。在800 ℃淬火保温5 min,随后645 ℃退火保温15 min的最佳热处理工艺参数下,方案一中含稀土试验钢的残余奥氏体含量比不含稀土的提高了8.1%,断后伸长率提高了21.8%,强塑积提高了17.2%,达到了28.47 GPa·%;方案二中含稀土试验钢残余奥氏体含量比不含稀土的提高4%,断后伸长率提高了2.8%,强塑积提高了5.1%,达到了34.8 GPa·%,说明添加稀土元素可以不同程度地改善超高强度汽车钢的综合性能。

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董瑞峰(1972-),女,内蒙古呼和浩特市人,教授,现从事先进钢铁材料制备工艺研究及产品开发工作。

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董瑞峰(1972-),女,内蒙古呼和浩特市人,教授,现从事先进钢铁材料制备工艺研究及产品开发工作。

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董瑞峰(1972-),女,内蒙古呼和浩特市人,教授,现从事先进钢铁材料制备工艺研究及产品开发工作。

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Influence of Heat Treatments on the Microstructural Evolution and Resultant Mechanical Properties in a Low Carbon Medium Mn Heavy Steel Plate[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 2016, 47(5):2300-2312., articleTitle=Influence of Heat Treatments on the Microstructural Evolution and Resultant Mechanical Properties in a Low Carbon Medium Mn Heavy Steel Plate, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1187104421042336524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187050101487845883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=31, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Arlazarov A, Goune M, Bouaziz O, journalName=Materials Science and Engineering A: Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Arlazarov A, Goune M, Bouaziz O, et al. Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Medium Mn Steels during Double Annealing[J]. 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Austenite Stability of Ultrafine-Grained Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steel with Mn Partitioning[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2011,65:225-228., articleTitle=Austenite Stability of Ultrafine-Grained Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steel with Mn Partitioning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1187104421281411856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187050101487845883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=3, pageStart=26, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=马为刚, 张由景, 杨超飞, journalName=材料开发与应用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马为刚, 张由景, 杨超飞, 等. 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(a)、(d)625 ℃;(b)、(e)645 ℃;(c)、(f)665 ℃;(a)、(b)、(c)0RE;(d)、(e)、(f)9ppmRE

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(a)、(d)625 ℃;(b)、(e)645 ℃;(c)、(f)665 ℃;(a)、(b)、(c)0RE;(d)、(e)、(f)48ppmRE

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试验方案 试样编号 C Mn Si Cu Ni Nb Ti P S Ce
方案一 A(0RE) 0.089 4.873 0.113 0.28 0.263 0.030 0.028 0.011 0.006 0
B(9ppmRE) 0.093 4.899 0.128 0.26 0.246 0.027 0.029 0.011 0.006 0.000 9
方案二 C(0RE) 0.12 5.14 0.03 0.25 0.263 0.018 0.029 0.016 0.005 0
D(48ppmRE) 0.13 5.59 0.03 0.26 0.261 0.016 0.023 0.015 0.005 0.004 8
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试验钢实测化学成分(质量分数) %

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试验方案 试样编号 C Mn Si Cu Ni Nb Ti P S Ce
方案一 A(0RE) 0.089 4.873 0.113 0.28 0.263 0.030 0.028 0.011 0.006 0
B(9ppmRE) 0.093 4.899 0.128 0.26 0.246 0.027 0.029 0.011 0.006 0.000 9
方案二 C(0RE) 0.12 5.14 0.03 0.25 0.263 0.018 0.029 0.016 0.005 0
D(48ppmRE) 0.13 5.59 0.03 0.26 0.261 0.016 0.023 0.015 0.005 0.004 8
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试验方案 试样编号 {001}<110> {112}<110> {223}<110> {111}<110> {111}<112>
方案一 A(0RE) 2.5 4.8 5.3 4.6 3.2
B(9ppmRE) 2.9 5.0 5.4 4.9 4.4
方案二 C(0RE) 2.3 4.7 5.2 4.5 3.3
D(48ppmRE) 2.7 4.8 5.5 4.9 3.9
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ART退火工艺下各取向的织构含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验方案 试样编号 {001}<110> {112}<110> {223}<110> {111}<110> {111}<112>
方案一 A(0RE) 2.5 4.8 5.3 4.6 3.2
B(9ppmRE) 2.9 5.0 5.4 4.9 4.4
方案二 C(0RE) 2.3 4.7 5.2 4.5 3.3
D(48ppmRE) 2.7 4.8 5.5 4.9 3.9
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微量稀土元素对冷成型超高强度汽车钢组织性能的影响
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董瑞峰 1 , 赵军徽 1 , 赵庆波 1, 2 , 芦永发 1, 3 , 杨峰 4, 5
包钢科技 | 2024,50(5): 41-48
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包钢科技 | 2024, 50(5): 41-48
微量稀土元素对冷成型超高强度汽车钢组织性能的影响
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董瑞峰1, 赵军徽1, 赵庆波1, 2, 芦永发1, 3, 杨峰4, 5
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古工业大学 材料科学与工程学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051
  • 2.北京京东方显示技术有限公司,北京 101102
  • 3.山西省大同市山西柴油机工业有限责任公司,山西 大同 037036
  • 4.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 5.内蒙古自治区稀土钢产品研发重点实验室,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 董瑞峰(1972-),女,内蒙古呼和浩特市人,教授,现从事先进钢铁材料制备工艺研究及产品开发工作。

Effects of Trace Rare Earth Elements on Microstructure and Properties of Cold Formed Ultra High Strength Automobile Steel
Dong Rui-feng1, Zhao Jun-hui1, Zhao Qing-bo1, 2, Lu Yong-fa1, 3, Yang Feng4, 5
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2. BOE Display Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101102, China
  • 3. Shanxi Diesel Industry Co., Ltd., Datong 037036, Shanxi, China
  • 4. Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 5. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Steel Products Research & Development, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-10-25
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随着新能源汽车产销量的快速崛起,超高强度汽车钢的需求量越来越大。而超高强度汽车钢冷成型过程中的回弹和变形开裂问题成为制约超高强度汽车钢应用的主要因素。因此,开发一种强度高且成型性能优良的汽车钢具有实际应用价值,市场潜力巨大。许多研究发现,在汽车钢中加入稀土元素可以提高其综合性能。文章设计了两组成分方案,采用相同的逆相变退火(ART)工艺参数,通过拉伸试验、扫描电镜以及XRD等手段研究了稀土元素对冷成型超高强度汽车钢的组织性能影响机制。结果表明,在ART退火工艺下,试验钢微观组织均为马氏体、残余奥氏体和微量铁素体,但两种成分方案中添加稀土试验钢的残余奥氏体含量略高于不含稀土试验钢,为后续成型过程中的TRIP效应提供了组织基础。在800 ℃淬火保温5 min,随后645 ℃退火保温15 min的最佳热处理工艺参数下,方案一中含稀土试验钢的残余奥氏体含量比不含稀土的提高了8.1%,断后伸长率提高了21.8%,强塑积提高了17.2%,达到了28.47 GPa·%;方案二中含稀土试验钢残余奥氏体含量比不含稀土的提高4%,断后伸长率提高了2.8%,强塑积提高了5.1%,达到了34.8 GPa·%,说明添加稀土元素可以不同程度地改善超高强度汽车钢的综合性能。

冷成型  /  超高强度汽车钢  /  稀土微合金化  /  ART退火

With the rapid rise of production and sales volume for new energy automobile, the quantity demanded of ultra high strength automobile steel is increasing. The problems such as spring back, deformation and cracking in cold forming process of ultra high strength automobile steel become the main factors restricting its applications. Therefore, it is of practical application values and huge market potential to develop a kind of automobile steel with high strength and excellent formability. It is found in many studies that the comprehensive properties of automobile steel could be improved by adding rare earth elements. In this paper, two groups of composition schemes are designed and the same process parameters of annealing of reverse transformation (ART) are used. The influencing mechanisms of rare earth elements on the microstructure and properties of cold formed ultra high strength automobile steel are studied by means of tensile test, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the microstructure of experimental steel was martensite, retained austenite and trace ferrite under the ART process, but content of retained austenite of experimental steel with rare earth in the two composition schemes was slightly higher than that of experimental steel without rare earth, which provided the microstructure basis for transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect in subsequent forming process. Under the optimum heat treatment process parameters of quenching at 800 ℃ and holding for 5 min., then annealing at 645 ℃ and holding for 15 min., the content of retained austenite in experimental steel with rare earth in the first scheme is increased by 8.1% compared with that of experimental steel without rare earth, percentage elongation after fracture is increased by 21.8% as well as product of strength and elongation (PSE) is increased by 17.2% and reaches 28.47 GPa·%; in the second scheme, the content of retained austenite in experimental steel with rare earth is increased by 4% compared with that of experimental steel without rare earth, percentage elongation after fracture is increased by 2.8% as well as PSE is increased by 5.1% and reaches 34.8 GPa·%, which illustrate that the comprehensive properties of ultra high strength automobile steel could be improved to different extent by adding rare earth elements.

cold formed  /  ultra high strength automobile steel  /  rare earth microalloying  /  ART annealing
董瑞峰, 赵军徽, 赵庆波, 芦永发, 杨峰. 微量稀土元素对冷成型超高强度汽车钢组织性能的影响. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (5) : 41 -48 .
Dong Rui-feng, Zhao Jun-hui, Zhao Qing-bo, Lu Yong-fa, Yang Feng. Effects of Trace Rare Earth Elements on Microstructure and Properties of Cold Formed Ultra High Strength Automobile Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (5) : 41 -48 .
近年来,由于我国新能源汽车下乡等利好政策的持续实施,我国新能源汽车的销量不断增长。新能源汽车的亮点在于节省能源,这不仅在燃料上,更在车身结构上,因此车身轻量化成为人们追求的主要目标之一[1]。而超高强度汽车钢,尤其是以中锰钢(Mn含量为3%~10%)为代表的第三代汽车钢可以解决汽车轻量化问题。该钢种的微观结构是由高强度的bcc相与较高组分的fcc相组成的复合结构[2]
为了改善汽车钢的组织和性能,许多研究学者尝试在汽车钢中加入稀土元素来改善其组织和性能。Jiang M Z等[3]研究了稀土Ce对低碳高锰钢组织和力学性能的影响,发现加入稀土元素Ce后,试验钢的显微组织明显细化,抗拉强度和冲击韧性均有较大提高。在TRIP/TWIP钢中加入稀土元素,发现稀土元素能够促进TRIP效应的发生以及细化奥氏体晶粒[4]。但稀土元素在超高强度汽车钢中研究尚少,其影响机理还不明确。本文以两组研究方案在ART退火工艺下,通过对其微观组织、综合力学性能和织构的分析,探究稀土元素对冷成型超高强度汽车钢组织性能的影响机制,旨在为稀土元素在超高强度汽车钢的工业化生产提供理论支撑。
两种方案试验钢化学成分如表1所示。采用50 kg多功能真空感应炉熔炼钢锭,将钢锭加热至1 200 ℃保温2 h均匀化处理后轧制成4.5 mm厚的热轧板,开轧温度为1 170 ℃,终轧温度为930 ℃。热轧板用浓盐酸酸洗表面氧化皮后分别冷轧至厚度1.5 mm和1 mm。
将冷轧后的钢板采用相同工艺进行逆相变退火(ART)处理,研究在ART退火工艺下微量稀土元素对冷成型超高强度汽车钢组织和性能的影响。ART退火工艺为:试样先加热到800 ℃保温5 min后水淬至室温,然后分别加热到625 ℃、645 ℃和665 ℃保温15 min,两相区退火后空冷至室温。
将冷轧板切割成比例试样,经ART热处理后在SHT-4605型万能拉伸试验机进行拉伸试验。使用FEIQUANTA650型的场发射扫描电子显微镜观察试验钢微观结构。使用荷兰帕纳科X Pert PRO MPD型X射线衍射仪进行织构及奥氏体含量分析,以RD-TD面作为织构测试面,取向偏差在10°以内,用Roe法作出ODF图,利用ResMat-TesTool织构分析软件,对各织构体积分数进行计算。利用公式(1)计算奥氏体的体积分数[5]
$V_{\mathrm{A}}=\frac{1+V_{\mathrm{C}}}{1+G \frac{I_{\mathrm{M}}}{I_{\mathrm{A}}}}$
式中:VA是残余奥氏体的体积分数,%;VC是试验钢碳的质量分数,%;IMIA分别是试验钢中马氏体和奥氏体晶面衍射峰的累积强度;G是奥氏体晶面和马氏体晶面对应的与强度有关的因数之比。
图1图2分别为两种成分方案试验钢经过ART退火处理后的微观组织照片。两种方案试验钢退火后组织类型相同,均为马氏体、残余奥氏体和微量铁素体,凸起部分主要为板条状马氏体和残余奥氏体混合组织,凹陷部分为多边形铁素体。在625 ℃退火时有大量的白色颗粒状的碳化物分布在基体中,如图1(a)(d)图2(a)(d)所示;当退火温度升高至645 ℃时,碳化物开始溶解,为奥氏体的形核提供了能量,奥氏体的含量明显增加,如图1(b)(e)图2(b)(e)所示;当退火温度为665 ℃时,碳化物基本消失,马氏体板条束、奥氏体及铁素体晶粒尺寸长大,如图1(c)(f)图2(c)(f)所示。组织中的奥氏体一般以板条状和块状两种形态存在,由于奥氏体晶粒随温度升高而长大,奥氏体内部碳、锰元素的平均含量降低,导致奥氏体的稳定性下降。在冷却过程中,部分奥氏体会继续转变为马氏体[6-8]。对比两种成分方案中含稀土和不含稀土的微观组织可以发现,含稀土试验钢中奥氏体晶粒尺寸更加细小,其原因在于稀土元素的原子半径是铁原子半径的1.5倍,只能溶入晶体中的缺陷内,由于晶界处有许多缺陷,所以稀土元素多聚集在晶界处,阻碍原子扩散,以此来抑制晶粒长大[9]
采用XRD对全部试样进行相分析,测定残余奥氏体体积分数,结果如图3图4所示。图中α代表bcc相,γ代表fcc相,奥氏体体积分数通过公式(1)计算得出。由图可见,随着退火温度的升高,奥氏体的衍射峰明显增强,在645 ℃时最高,即奥氏体的含量在645 ℃下并保温15 min时都达到最高,当温度为665 ℃时,fcc峰开始下降,bcc峰升高,尤其在添加Ce的试验钢B和D中更为明显,这说明退火温度超过645 ℃后,随着退火温度的提高,残余奥氏体的体积分数逐渐减少,同时伴有马氏体的生成。通过对比图3图4可以发现,两种方案中含铈试验钢B和D的fcc衍射峰均比不含铈试验钢A和C的强,说明稀土铈的添加能够促进更多残余奥氏体保留到室温。从图3(c)图4(c)统计的残余奥氏体体积分数也证明了这一结果。奥氏体的体积分数均随退火温度的升高先增加后减小,645 ℃时最高,此时方案一中不含铈的试验钢奥氏体体积分数达到了21.1%,含铈的试验钢达到了22.8%,提高了8.1%。在方案二中也得到了相似结果,645 ℃时含铈试验钢的奥氏体体积分数比不含铈的提高了4%,见图4(c)
图5图6分别展示了两种试验钢在ART不同退火温度下力学性能变化趋势。由图可见,随着退火温度的升高,屈服强度呈下降趋势。屈服强度受到晶粒尺寸和位错的影响,随着退火温度的升高,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大、位错降低,从而导致屈服强度降低[10-14]。与屈服强度相反,抗拉强度随着退火温度升高逐渐增大,原因可能是随着退火温度的升高,一方面两相区中奥氏体含量逐渐增多,铁素体含量相应减少,另一方面随着钢中的碳化物逐渐回溶,奥氏体中的碳含量增加,冷却到室温时的温差增大,相对冷速随之增大,因此奥氏体转变成马氏体的量也相应增多,从而导致抗拉强度提高。
两种成分方案中,随着退火温度升高,体现成型性能的断后伸长率和强塑积出现了先升高后下降的趋势。645 ℃时达到最大值,此时方案一中试验钢A和B的断后伸长率分别为27.82%和33.89%,强塑积分别为24.30 GPa·%和28.47 GPa·%,方案二中试验钢C和D的断后伸长率分别为32.3%和33.2%,强塑积分别为33.1 GPa·%和34.8 GPa·%。两种方案中含铈试验钢的延伸率和强塑积均比不含铈的有所提高,说明稀土元素的添加有助于提高超高强度汽车钢的成型性能。断后伸长率的提高主要受TRIP效应的影响,不稳定的残余奥氏体在拉伸变形时转变为新生马氏体,这一转变过程推迟了颈缩现象的出现,不稳定残余奥氏体含量越高,TRIP效应越显著,断后伸长率就越高[15-16]图3(c)图4(c)中残余奥氏体含量均在645 ℃时达到最大值,且添加铈试验钢的残余奥氏体含量均比不加铈的高,进一步证实了稀土元素的添加有利于提高汽车钢的塑性及成型性。
为了进一步研究稀土元素对汽车钢成型性能的影响机制,采用XRD对最佳热处理工艺下所有试验钢的宏观织构进行了测试分析。
图7图8分别是两种方案试验钢在ART最佳热处理工艺参数下φ2=45°的ODF截面图。由图可知,所有试验钢均存在{001}<110>、{011}<110>、{111}<110>及{111}<112>织构,强峰位置均在γ取向线上的{111}<110>织构附近。
表2是所有试验钢在ART退火工艺下各取向织构含量。从表2中可以看出,添加微量稀土元素的试验钢B和D的各取向织构含量均比试验钢A和C高。尤其值得注意的是,两种方案中,含铈试验钢B、D的{111}面织构分别比不含铈A、C的高19.2%和12.8%,进一步证明,加入微量稀土元素有利于提高汽车钢的冲压成型性能。
为了进一步对比分析稀土元素对试验钢成型性能的影响规律,通过ResMat-TexTools软件计算了所有试验钢在ART热处理条件下的{111}、{110}和{100}织构含量,结果如图9所示。{111}织构是提高钢板成型性能的有利织构,而{100}织构则对钢板的成型性能不利,{110}形变织构越多,对成型性能也越有利[17]。由图9可以直观看出,两种方案中含稀土试验钢的{111}和{110}有利织构均比不含稀土试验钢的高,而{100}不利织构均比不含稀土试验钢的低,说明稀土元素的添加有益于提高汽车钢成型性能。后续试验将通过检测试验钢的塑性应变比r值来验证这一推断。通常来说{111}面织构含量越高,钢板的r值越大。
(1)在ART退火工艺下,所有试验钢的组织均为马氏体、奥氏体和微量铁素体,添加稀土元素后试验钢马氏体板条束及奥氏体晶粒更加细小,残余奥氏体含量提高,有利织构{111}面织构含量增加。
(2)随着退火温度的升高,所有试验钢屈服强度逐渐减小,抗拉强度逐渐升高,断后伸长率和强塑积先增大后减小。
(3)两种方案中含铈试验钢的延伸率和强塑积均比不含铈的有所提高,说明稀土元素的添加有利于提高超高强度汽车钢的成型性能。
  • 国家自然科学基金地区基金(52161015)
  • 内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZZ18076)
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  • 接收时间:2024-06-01
  • 首发时间:2025-10-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-01
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国家自然科学基金地区基金(52161015)
内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZZ18076)
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    1.内蒙古工业大学 材料科学与工程学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051
    2.北京京东方显示技术有限公司,北京 101102
    3.山西省大同市山西柴油机工业有限责任公司,山西 大同 037036
    4.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
    5.内蒙古自治区稀土钢产品研发重点实验室,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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