Article(id=1187029894677541159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187029888956510427, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)05-0049-06, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717171200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760939580839, onlineDateStr=2025-10-20, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760939580839, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760939580839, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760939580839, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1187029888956510427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1760939579476, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760941227119, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1187036799714083448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187029888956510427, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1187036799714083449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187029888956510427, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=49, endPage=54, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187104196206674612, articleId=1187029894677541159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Study on Effects of Rare Earth Ce on Microstructure and Properties of V, Ti Microalloyed Steel, columnId=null, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The effects of rare earth Ce on the microstructure and properties of V, Ti microalloyed steel are studied by tensile and impact tests as well as with such analysis means as transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy spectrometer. The results showed that the interlamellar spacing of pearlite for test steel was decreased, inclusions containing titanium were changed from rectangle with sharp edge angle to smooth spherality as well as long and thin MnS inclusions became shorter and spherized with the increase of rare earth Ce content. Moreover, the yield strength and impact toughness of test steel are improved.

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通过拉伸及冲击试验,并采用透射电镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪等分析手段,研究了稀土Ce对V、Ti微合金化钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着稀土Ce含量的增加,试验钢的珠光体片层距减小,含钛夹杂物由有尖锐棱角的矩形转变为光滑球状,细长条MnS夹杂物变短并球化;试验钢屈服强度和冲击韧性得到改善。

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米永峰(1984-),男,陕西省榆林市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事无缝钢管新材料、控制轧制工艺技术、钛合金管与双金属复合管制备技术研究工作。

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米永峰(1984-),男,陕西省榆林市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事无缝钢管新材料、控制轧制工艺技术、钛合金管与双金属复合管制备技术研究工作。

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米永峰(1984-),男,陕西省榆林市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事无缝钢管新材料、控制轧制工艺技术、钛合金管与双金属复合管制备技术研究工作。

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rfOrder=3, authorNames=王龙妹, 杜挺, journalName=中国稀土学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王龙妹, 杜挺. 09CuPTi(RE)耐候钢中稀土作用机制研究[J]. 中国稀土学报, 2003, 21(5):491-494., articleTitle=09CuPTi(RE)耐候钢中稀土作用机制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1187104410011320591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187029894677541159, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=曹晓恩, journalName=稀土Ce对X80管线钢组织和性能的影响, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曹晓恩. 稀土Ce对X80管线钢组织和性能的影响[D]. 包头: 内蒙古科技大学, 2013., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1187104410074235152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187029894677541159, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=尚卿, journalName=稀土对结构钢Q345B组织和性能的影响, refType=null, unstructuredReference=尚卿. 稀土对结构钢Q345B组织和性能的影响[D]. 包头: 内蒙古科技大学, 2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1187104410162315537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187029894677541159, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=118, pageEnd=121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=李梅, 王强, 高宏文, journalName=钢铁钒钛, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李梅, 王强, 高宏文, 等. 钒含量对新型高强钢性能的影响[J]. 钢铁钒钛, 2019, 40(6):118-121,142., articleTitle=钒含量对新型高强钢性能的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1187104410216841490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187029894677541159, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=22, issue=4, pageStart=31, pageEnd=36, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=林勤, 宋波, 郭兴敏, journalName=稀土, refType=null, unstructuredReference=林勤, 宋波, 郭兴敏, 等. 钢中稀土微合金化作用与应用前景[J]. 稀土, 2021, 22(4):31-36., 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编号 C Si Mn P S V Ti Ce
1# 0.156 0.244 1.45 0.007 9 0.004 0.070 0.015 0
2# 0.158 0.239 1.40 0.009 0 0.004 0.065 0.016 0.006 4
3# 0.153 0.261 1.42 0.009 0 0.004 0.064 0.014 0.016 0
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试验钢化学成分(质量分数) %

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编号 C Si Mn P S V Ti Ce
1# 0.156 0.244 1.45 0.007 9 0.004 0.070 0.015 0
2# 0.158 0.239 1.40 0.009 0 0.004 0.065 0.016 0.006 4
3# 0.153 0.261 1.42 0.009 0 0.004 0.064 0.014 0.016 0
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1#试验钢 2#试验钢 3#试验钢
编号 珠光体
层数
珠光体片
层距/μm
编号 珠光体
层数
珠光体片
层距/μm
编号 珠光体
层数
珠光体片
层距/μm
1#-1 15 0.133 2#-1 15 0.133 3#-1 17 0.118
1#-2 14 0.143 2#-2 16 0.125 3#-2 20 0.100
1#-3 17 0.118 2#-3 14 0.143 3#-3 22 0.091
1#-4 16 0.125 2#-4 18 0.111 3#-4 20 0.100
1#-5 15 0.133 2#-5 16 0.125 3#-5 19 0.105
1#-6 17 0.118 2#-6 16 0.125 3#-6 20 0.100
1#-7 14 0.143 2#-7 17 0.118 3#-7 23 0.087
1#-8 15 0.133 2#-8 16 0.125 3#-8 19 0.105
1#-9 14 0.143 2#-9 18 0.111 3#-9 20 0.100
1#-10 15 0.133 2#-10 16 0.125 3#-10 20 0.100
1#-11 15 0.133 2#-11 15 0.133 3#-11 21 0.095
1#-12 14 0.143 2#-12 16 0.125 3#-12 22 0.091
1#-13 15 0.133 2#-13 17 0.118 3#-13 20 0.100
1#-14 16 0.125 2#-14 16 0.125 3#-14 19 0.105
1#-15 15 0.133 2#-15 15 0.133 3#-15 20 0.100
1#-16 16 0.125 2#-16 18 0.111 3#-16 18 0.111
1#-17 15 0.133 2#-17 15 0.133 3#-17 23 0.087
1#-18 15 0.133 2#-18 16 0.125 3#-18 20 0.100
1#-19 14 0.143 2#-19 15 0.133 3#-19 19 0.105
1#-20 15 0.133 2#-20 17 0.118 3#-20 20 0.100
平均 0.133 平均 0.125 平均 0.100
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试验钢珠光体片层距

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1#试验钢 2#试验钢 3#试验钢
编号 珠光体
层数
珠光体片
层距/μm
编号 珠光体
层数
珠光体片
层距/μm
编号 珠光体
层数
珠光体片
层距/μm
1#-1 15 0.133 2#-1 15 0.133 3#-1 17 0.118
1#-2 14 0.143 2#-2 16 0.125 3#-2 20 0.100
1#-3 17 0.118 2#-3 14 0.143 3#-3 22 0.091
1#-4 16 0.125 2#-4 18 0.111 3#-4 20 0.100
1#-5 15 0.133 2#-5 16 0.125 3#-5 19 0.105
1#-6 17 0.118 2#-6 16 0.125 3#-6 20 0.100
1#-7 14 0.143 2#-7 17 0.118 3#-7 23 0.087
1#-8 15 0.133 2#-8 16 0.125 3#-8 19 0.105
1#-9 14 0.143 2#-9 18 0.111 3#-9 20 0.100
1#-10 15 0.133 2#-10 16 0.125 3#-10 20 0.100
1#-11 15 0.133 2#-11 15 0.133 3#-11 21 0.095
1#-12 14 0.143 2#-12 16 0.125 3#-12 22 0.091
1#-13 15 0.133 2#-13 17 0.118 3#-13 20 0.100
1#-14 16 0.125 2#-14 16 0.125 3#-14 19 0.105
1#-15 15 0.133 2#-15 15 0.133 3#-15 20 0.100
1#-16 16 0.125 2#-16 18 0.111 3#-16 18 0.111
1#-17 15 0.133 2#-17 15 0.133 3#-17 23 0.087
1#-18 15 0.133 2#-18 16 0.125 3#-18 20 0.100
1#-19 14 0.143 2#-19 15 0.133 3#-19 19 0.105
1#-20 15 0.133 2#-20 17 0.118 3#-20 20 0.100
平均 0.133 平均 0.125 平均 0.100
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编号 抗拉强度
Rm/MPa
屈服强度
Rp0.2/MPa
屈强比 延伸率
A/%
1# 529 327 0.62 31.5
2# 533 353 0.66 31.5
3# 533 358 0.67 31.0
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试验钢拉伸性能

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编号 抗拉强度
Rm/MPa
屈服强度
Rp0.2/MPa
屈强比 延伸率
A/%
1# 529 327 0.62 31.5
2# 533 353 0.66 31.5
3# 533 358 0.67 31.0
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编号 纵向 横向
常温 0℃ -20 ℃ 常温 0℃ -20 ℃
1# 275 114 33 110 22 10
2# 286 152 99 282 147 47
3# 294 158 102 268 140 80
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试验钢冲击性能KV2 J

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编号 纵向 横向
常温 0℃ -20 ℃ 常温 0℃ -20 ℃
1# 275 114 33 110 22 10
2# 286 152 99 282 147 47
3# 294 158 102 268 140 80
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稀土Ce对V、Ti微合金化钢组织性能的影响研究
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米永峰 , 姚晓乐 , 姜涛 , 孙文秀 , 康虹 , 刘玉荣 , 王增海
包钢科技 | 2024,50(5): 49-54
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包钢科技 | 2024, 50(5): 49-54
稀土Ce对V、Ti微合金化钢组织性能的影响研究
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米永峰, 姚晓乐, 姜涛, 孙文秀, 康虹, 刘玉荣, 王增海
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢管有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 米永峰(1984-),男,陕西省榆林市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事无缝钢管新材料、控制轧制工艺技术、钛合金管与双金属复合管制备技术研究工作。

Study on Effects of Rare Earth Ce on Microstructure and Properties of V, Ti Microalloyed Steel
Mi Yong-feng, Yao Xiao-le, Jiang Tao, Sun Wen-xiu, Kang Hong, Liu Yu-rong, Wang Zeng-hai
Affiliations
  • Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Pipe Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-10-25
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通过拉伸及冲击试验,并采用透射电镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪等分析手段,研究了稀土Ce对V、Ti微合金化钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着稀土Ce含量的增加,试验钢的珠光体片层距减小,含钛夹杂物由有尖锐棱角的矩形转变为光滑球状,细长条MnS夹杂物变短并球化;试验钢屈服强度和冲击韧性得到改善。

稀土Ce  /  V、Ti微合金化钢  /  夹杂物变质  /  性能

The effects of rare earth Ce on the microstructure and properties of V, Ti microalloyed steel are studied by tensile and impact tests as well as with such analysis means as transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy spectrometer. The results showed that the interlamellar spacing of pearlite for test steel was decreased, inclusions containing titanium were changed from rectangle with sharp edge angle to smooth spherality as well as long and thin MnS inclusions became shorter and spherized with the increase of rare earth Ce content. Moreover, the yield strength and impact toughness of test steel are improved.

rare earth Ce  /  V, Ti microalloyed steel  /  modification of inclusions  /  properties
米永峰, 姚晓乐, 姜涛, 孙文秀, 康虹, 刘玉荣, 王增海. 稀土Ce对V、Ti微合金化钢组织性能的影响研究. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (5) : 49 -54 .
Mi Yong-feng, Yao Xiao-le, Jiang Tao, Sun Wen-xiu, Kang Hong, Liu Yu-rong, Wang Zeng-hai. Study on Effects of Rare Earth Ce on Microstructure and Properties of V, Ti Microalloyed Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (5) : 49 -54 .
V、Ti微合金化钢因其具有良好的强韧性而得到广泛应用,其中V、Ti的强韧化作用有两方面,一是抑制形变奥氏体再结晶和再结晶后晶粒的长大,起到细化晶粒的效果;二是在铁素体上沉淀相的弥散析出,产生沉淀强化的作用[1]。少量的V、Ti可大幅度提高材料的综合性能。稀土元素在钢铁材料中的研究和应用已有100多年的历史,稀土在钢中的作用机理大致总结为三个方面,即钢液净化作用、夹杂物变性作用、微合金化作用[2]。大量的实验研究表明,稀土对钢材的多项性能均有改善,如增强钢材的抗疲劳性能[3]、提高钢材的耐腐蚀性[4]、改善钢材力学性能[5-6]等。
研究稀土Ce对V、Ti微合金化钢组织性能的影响,对开发性能优异的含稀土的V、Ti微合金化钢具有重要的指导意义。
试验钢在25 kg真空感应炉中冶炼,用工业生产的优质低磷硫V、Ti微合金化钢为原料,加入不同量的稀土Ce,以保证除稀土Ce外其他成分一致。25 kg钢锭的平均直径为120 mm(钢锭为锥形,大头直径为130 mm,小头直径为110 mm),经Φ750 mm×550 mm高刚度二辊热轧试验轧机轧制成20 mm厚的钢板。试验钢化学成分如表1所示。
从钢板上取样进行拉伸及冲击试验,采用美国FEI公司设计制造的Tecnai G2 F20 S-TWIN透射电子显微镜对试验钢的珠光体片层距进行观察,采用德国蔡司生产的Sigma 500场发射扫描电镜对试验钢的夹杂物进行观察。
图1为1#~3#试验钢的显微组织,组织均为铁素体+珠光体,晶粒度均达到8级,可以看出未添加稀土Ce的1#试验钢、稀土Ce含量为0.006 4%的2#试验钢和稀土Ce含量为0.016 0%的3#试验钢,从显微组织未看出明显差异。
为进一步研究不同稀土Ce含量对试验钢显微组织的影响,使用透射电镜观察各试验钢的珠光体形貌,如图2所示。以图中左下角2 μm标尺的长度为统一测量线长度,测量线垂直于珠光体平行片层方向。数测量线长度内的珠光体片层数,然后计算珠光体片层距,珠光体片层距=测量线长度/珠光体片层数。测量计算各试验钢的珠光体片层距。
每个试验钢在透射电镜下随机选取20个样本进行珠光体片层距测量,测量线长度均为2 μm,测量结果如表2所示。可以看出,未添加稀土Ce的1#试验钢珠光体片层距为0.133 μm,稀土Ce含量为0.006 4%的2#试验钢珠光体片层距为0.125 μm,稀土Ce含量为0.016 0%的3#试验钢珠光体片层距为0.100 μm。可以看出,随着稀土Ce含量的增加,试验钢的珠光体片层距逐渐减小,珠光体组织得到细化。
使用扫描电镜对各试验钢中含Ti夹杂物的形貌进行观察。析出夹杂物中V含量较少,这是因为V在钢中溶解度较高,本次试验钢中钒含量较低,大部分V溶入到钢基体,少部分以碳氮化物的形式存在于钢中[7]
图3为未添加稀土Ce的1#试验钢中的含Ti夹杂物形貌及其能谱图。夹杂物形貌为矩形,有尖锐棱角,在棱角处容易引发应力集中,容易导致微裂纹产生,对钢材产生极大的破坏作用。经测量该含Ti夹杂物尺寸约为3 μm左右。
图4为稀土Ce含量为0.006 4%的2#试验钢中含Ti夹杂物的形貌及其能谱图。可以看出,该含Ti夹杂物形貌仍为规则的矩形,由能谱图分析,该夹杂物为含稀土Ce、O、Al、Ti、S等元素的复合夹杂物。相比1#试验钢,夹杂物尺寸有所减小,约为2 μm左右。
图5为稀土Ce含量为0.016 0%的3#试验钢中含Ti夹杂物的形貌及其能谱图。可以看出,该夹杂物为含稀土Ce、O、S、Ti等元素的复合夹杂物,相比其他试验钢来说,夹杂物形貌进一步发生改变,转变为光滑椭圆形夹杂物,原来规则矩形的夹杂物的尖锐棱角基本消失,测量夹杂物尺寸为1 μm左右,尺寸进一步减小。
可以看出,随着稀土Ce含量的增加,稀土Ce表现出较强的夹杂物改性作用。钢中不添加稀土Ce时,含Ti夹杂物为具有尖锐棱角的规则矩形,且尺寸较大;钢中稀土Ce含量为0.006 4%时,含Ti夹杂物形貌仍为规则矩形,但尺寸有所减小;钢中稀土Ce含量为0.016 0%时,含Ti夹杂物形貌由规则矩形变为光滑椭圆形,且尺寸进一步减小。含Ti夹杂物形貌及尺寸的变化,避免了因其规则形貌导致的应力集中对钢性能造成的危害。
使用扫描电镜对试验钢中MnS夹杂物的形貌进行观察和分析。
图6可以看出,1#试验钢中的夹杂物为MnS夹杂物,呈长条状带尖角,长度约为3 μm。图7为2#试验钢中含稀土Ce的MnS夹杂物,可以看出,当钢中稀土Ce含量为0.006 4%时,MnS夹杂物呈不连续断开状态,与图6相比,各段长度变短,最长约1 μm左右,呈球化趋势。当稀土Ce含量增加到0.016 0%时,MnS夹杂物已基本球化,如图8所示,直径约1 μm左右。
试验钢的拉伸性能如表3所示,冲击性能如表4所示。
随着稀土Ce含量的增加,屈服强度及抗拉强度均呈增加趋势,屈服强度增幅大于抗拉强度,屈强比变大,延伸率基本不变。
各个温度下,纵向冲击功均大于横向冲击功。加入稀土Ce后,纵向冲击功与横向冲击功差值变小,减小了横纵差异性。
加入稀土Ce后,纵向冲击性能得到改善,随着温度的降低,改善效果更明显。各个温度下的横向冲击性能改善效果要比纵向明显。
由本文章节2.1可知,随着稀土Ce含量的增加,试验钢的珠光体片层距逐渐减小。这是因为屈服强度和片层间距的1/2次方成正比,而片层间距对抗拉强度的作用要弱些,稀土能减小珠光体片层间距,因此稀土使试验钢屈服强度提高得更多[8]。随着稀土Ce含量的增加,屈服强度增幅大于抗拉强度,从而导致屈强比升高。
本文中稀土Ce对含Ti夹杂物及MnS夹杂物的影响都是稀土对夹杂物变质作用的体现。稀土Ce使矩形的含Ti夹杂物球化,避免了尖锐棱角处因应力集中导致微裂纹产生,使钢的韧性大为改善;同时,稀土Ce使长条状MnS断开并球化,形成稀土化合物,稀土化合物在钢热加工变形时,仍保持细小的球形或纺锤形,较均匀地分布在钢材中,消除了原先存在的沿钢材轧制方向分布的呈长条状MnS等夹杂物。控制硫化物为主的夹杂物形态所带来的好处,明显地表现在改善钢的横向韧性。稀土夹杂物的热膨胀系数和钢的接近,可以避免钢材热加工冷却时在夹杂物周围产生大的附加应力,有利于提高钢的疲劳强度。夹杂物的变性,能增加夹杂物与晶界抵抗裂纹形成与扩展的能力[2]。因此,加入稀土Ce后,试验钢的韧性得到改善,特别是低温韧性改善明显,横向韧性的提高要比纵向韧性的提高幅度大,减小了试验钢的横纵差异性,提高了试验钢各向性能的均匀性。
(1)随着稀土Ce含量的增加,珠光体片层距逐渐减小,使V、Ti微合金化钢的屈服强度及抗拉强度均呈增长趋势,屈服强度增幅大于抗拉强度,屈强比变大,延伸率基本不变。
(2)稀土Ce使V、Ti微合金化钢中的长条状MnS和矩形含Ti夹杂物球化,变性为稀土夹杂物,夹杂尺寸变小,形状更加圆滑,减小了应力集中,与基体的结合更加紧密,使V、Ti微合金化钢的韧性大幅提高。
(3)随着稀土Ce含量的增加,V、Ti微合金化钢的韧性得到改善,特别是低温韧性改善明显,横向韧性要比纵向韧性的提高幅度大,减小了试验钢的横纵差异性,提高了试验钢各向性能的均匀性。
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2024年第50卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2024-06-01
  • 首发时间:2025-10-20
  • 出版时间:2024-10-25
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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