Article(id=1187029889686319325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187029888956510427, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)05-0024-06, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717171200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760939579650, onlineDateStr=2025-10-20, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760939579650, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760939579650, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760939579650, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1187029888956510427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1760939579476, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760941227119, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1187036799714083448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187029888956510427, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1187036799714083449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187029888956510427, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=24, endPage=29, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187104196261200567, articleId=1187029889686319325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Effects of Normalizing Process on Microstructure and Texture of High Magnetic Induction Oriented Silicon Steel, columnId=null, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As an important manufacturing process of oriented silicon steel, the normalizing process has a key effect on magnetic properties of high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel. In the paper, the effects of holding time and cooling rate for normalizing on microstructure and texture of high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel are studied with optical microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The microstructure and texture of normalizing plate are similar to those of hot rolled plate as well as microstructure is with nonuniformity in the direction of plate thickness. The main types of texture are Goss texture {110}<001>, copper type texture {112}<111> and brass type texture {110}<112>. With the extension of holding time, grains recrystallize completely and texture types are changed significantly; with the increase of cooling rate, there are not significant changes for microstructure and texture types as well as strength of Goss texture is increased.

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常化工艺作为取向硅钢重要的生产制造工序,对高磁感取向硅钢磁性能有关键影响。文章利用光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪,研究了常化保温时间和冷却速度对高磁感取向硅钢组织和织构的影响。常化板对热轧板的组织和织构有一定的继承性,在板厚方向上组织具有不均匀性,织构类型主要为Goss织构{110}<001>、铜型织构{112}<111>和黄铜型织构{110}<112>。延长保温时间,晶粒完全发生再结晶,织构类型发生显著变化;提高冷却速度,组织及织构类型无显著变化,Goss织构强度提高。

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郝娟娟(1992-),女,内蒙古呼和浩特市人,博士,工程师,现从事硅钢研发工作。

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郝娟娟(1992-),女,内蒙古呼和浩特市人,博士,工程师,现从事硅钢研发工作。

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郝娟娟(1992-),女,内蒙古呼和浩特市人,博士,工程师,现从事硅钢研发工作。

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C Si Mn P S Ti N O
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试验钢化学成分(质量分数) %

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C Si Mn P S Ti N O
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工艺编号 高温段 低温段 冷却方式
温度/℃ 时间/min 温度/℃ 时间/min
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2 1 020 5 930 3 沸水淬
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常化工艺参数

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温度/℃ 时间/min 温度/℃ 时间/min
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2 1 020 5 930 3 沸水淬
3 1 020 3 930 3 空冷
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常化工艺对高磁感取向硅钢组织和织构的影响
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郝娟娟 1 , 屈文胜 1 , 刘朋成 1 , 卢晓禹 1 , 邬宇轩 1 , 冯海涛 1 , 李洋 2
包钢科技 | 2024,50(5): 24-29
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包钢科技 | 2024, 50(5): 24-29
常化工艺对高磁感取向硅钢组织和织构的影响
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郝娟娟1, 屈文胜1, 刘朋成1, 卢晓禹1, 邬宇轩1, 冯海涛1, 李洋2
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 郝娟娟(1992-),女,内蒙古呼和浩特市人,博士,工程师,现从事硅钢研发工作。

Effects of Normalizing Process on Microstructure and Texture of High Magnetic Induction Oriented Silicon Steel
Hao Juan-juan1, Qu Wen-sheng1, Liu Peng-cheng1, Lu Xiao-yu1, Wu Yu-xuan1, Feng Hai-tao1, Li Yang2
Affiliations
  • 1. Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2. Manufacturing Dept. of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-10-25
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常化工艺作为取向硅钢重要的生产制造工序,对高磁感取向硅钢磁性能有关键影响。文章利用光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪,研究了常化保温时间和冷却速度对高磁感取向硅钢组织和织构的影响。常化板对热轧板的组织和织构有一定的继承性,在板厚方向上组织具有不均匀性,织构类型主要为Goss织构{110}<001>、铜型织构{112}<111>和黄铜型织构{110}<112>。延长保温时间,晶粒完全发生再结晶,织构类型发生显著变化;提高冷却速度,组织及织构类型无显著变化,Goss织构强度提高。

取向硅钢  /  常化  /  组织  /  织构

As an important manufacturing process of oriented silicon steel, the normalizing process has a key effect on magnetic properties of high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel. In the paper, the effects of holding time and cooling rate for normalizing on microstructure and texture of high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel are studied with optical microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The microstructure and texture of normalizing plate are similar to those of hot rolled plate as well as microstructure is with nonuniformity in the direction of plate thickness. The main types of texture are Goss texture {110}<001>, copper type texture {112}<111> and brass type texture {110}<112>. With the extension of holding time, grains recrystallize completely and texture types are changed significantly; with the increase of cooling rate, there are not significant changes for microstructure and texture types as well as strength of Goss texture is increased.

oriented silicon steel  /  normalizing  /  microstructure  /  texture
郝娟娟, 屈文胜, 刘朋成, 卢晓禹, 邬宇轩, 冯海涛, 李洋. 常化工艺对高磁感取向硅钢组织和织构的影响. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (5) : 24 -29 .
Hao Juan-juan, Qu Wen-sheng, Liu Peng-cheng, Lu Xiao-yu, Wu Yu-xuan, Feng Hai-tao, Li Yang. Effects of Normalizing Process on Microstructure and Texture of High Magnetic Induction Oriented Silicon Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (5) : 24 -29 .
取向硅钢含碳量极低,具有良好的磁性能,是制造电源变压器、脉冲变压器和磁放大器铁芯的核心材料。随着节能降耗要求的提高、新能源的普及与使用和变压器新能效国标GB 20052—2024《电力变压器能效限定值及能效等级》的正式发布,使得高磁感取向硅钢(Hi-B钢)受到高度关注。许多钢厂及科研院所投身于取向硅钢研发和工艺优化,力求获得综合性能良好的高磁感取向硅钢。常化工艺作为高磁感取向硅钢生产的重要步骤[1-2],常见的工艺为两段式常化,首先将热轧板加热至高温促进抑制剂固溶,在随后低温保温及冷却过程中抑制剂重新均匀、弥散析出增强抑制能力[3-6]。目前关于取向硅钢常化工艺的研究主要集中在高温保温段温度及冷却方式的影响,如Hu等[7]研究了常化温度对重要取向晶粒长大过程的影响,Ling等[8]研究了两段式常化工艺中冷却段冷却方式对抑制剂析出的影响,Li等[9]研究表明采用两段式常化工艺能够获得更加尖锐的Goss织构,提高磁性能,忽略了保温时间及冷却方式对组织和织构的影响。本文利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪研究常化保温时间及冷却方式对高磁感取向硅钢组织和织构演变规律的影响。
本试验所用的Hi-B钢Si含量为3.24%,具体化学成分如表1所示。将铸坯热轧为2.3 mm厚钢板,沿轧向取550 mm×180 mm×2.3 mm热轧板采用两段式常化工艺进行常化,常化工艺如图1所示,具体工艺参数如表2所示。
各常化工艺常化板沿轧向取20 mm×15 mm×2.3 mm试样,定义s=0 mm、s=0.6 mm和s=1.2 mm分别代表表层、1/4层和1/2层。样品经过磨抛处理后用4%硝酸酒精溶液腐蚀20 s,利用蔡司显微镜观察金相组织,利用X射线衍射仪对不同常化工艺常化板宏观织构进行分析。通过对不同常化工艺常化板金相组织和织构进行研究,获得保温时间、温度和冷却方式对组织及织构的影响规律。
热轧板组织如图2所示。
由于热轧过程中板坯厚度方向受力和受热不均匀,导致热轧板厚度方向动态再结晶发展程度不同[10],热轧后厚度方向组织分布不均匀,可分为表层再结晶区、再结晶和变形晶粒混合的过渡区及以变形晶粒为主的中心层区。表层受到轧制力较大且温度相对较高,轧制过程中发生动态再结晶获得等轴晶。由表层到中心,温差逐渐加大,轧制力逐渐减小,晶粒动态再结晶程度逐渐减小,从而获得长条状变形组织
对热轧板表层、1/4层和1/2层宏观织构进行分析,如图3所示。表层主要的织构类型为Goss织构{110}<001>、铜型织构{112}<111>和黄铜织构{110}<112>,其中Goss织构强度最强;1/4层黄铜织构消失,Goss织构和铜型织构强度均增强;1/2层处织构类型发生明显变化,Goss织构和铜型织构消失,产生{112}<110>、{118}<110>、γ织构{111}<112>和立方织构{001}<110>,其中{112}<110>织构强度最强。热轧板厚度方向织构类型分布不均匀,其中Goss织构在1/4层处最强。
常化工艺作为取向硅钢生产不可或缺的工序,对显微组织有显著影响。各常化工艺常化板显微组织如图4所示。热轧板经过工艺1常化后,厚度方向组织不均匀性略有改善,沿厚度方向各层均发生一定程度再结晶,表层完全由再结晶晶粒构成,过渡层再结晶组织比例增加,长条形变形组织减少,中心层部分组织发生再结晶,长条状变形组织仍为主体组织,长条状变形组织宽度增加,如图4(a)所示。当高温段保温时间延长至5 min时(工艺2),板厚度方向各层均发生完全再结晶,变形组织完全消失,晶粒显著长大,出现混晶组织,显微组织如图4(b)所示。当冷却方式由沸水淬改为空冷时,冷却速度加快,显微组织如图4(c)所示,与图4(a)对比,沿板厚度方向同样发生不同程度再结晶,但是由于冷却速度加快,工艺3各层晶粒尺寸小于工艺1。综上所述,常化工艺能够促进热轧板组织发生再结晶,晶粒尺寸增大,组织软化,利于后续冷轧。
除显微组织外,织构是影响取向硅钢性能的另一个重要因素。分别对各工艺常化板表层、1/4层和1/2层织构类型及强度变化进行分析,研究不同保温时间和冷却方式的影响。工艺1常化板各层织构类型及分布如图5所示,表层(s=0 mm)和1/4层(s=0.6 mm)主要织构类型为Goss织构{110}<001>、铜型织构{112}<111>和黄铜型织构{110}<112>,中心层主要织构为强度极高的{118}<110>和{112}<110>,表层Goss织构强度最高。
工艺2常化板各层织构类型如图6所示。延长保温时间,对织构类型及强度有明显影响。表层及1/2层主要织构类型为Goss织构{110}<001>、铜型织构{112}<111>和黄铜型织构{110}<112>,1/4层主要织构类型为铜型织构{112}<111>和黄铜型织构{110}<112>,Goss织构消失。与工艺1相比,Goss织构强度降低。
完成常化后采用空冷方式进行冷却,各层织构类型如图7所示。提高冷却速度,织构类型无明显变化。表层主要为立方织构和Goss织构{110}<001>,1/4层主要为Goss织构{110}<001>、铜型织构{112}<111>,1/2层铜型织构{112}<111>和Goss织构{110}<001>消失,出现强度较高的{118}<110>织构和{112}<110>织构,1/4层Goss织构{110}<001>强度最高。
综上所述,常化板对热轧板组织和织构具有一定继承性。不同常化工艺促进晶粒再结晶,改善了热轧板组织的不均匀性。当延长高温段保温时间至5 min时(工艺2),厚度方向上晶粒均完成再结晶,变形组织完全消失。不同常化工艺,织构类型无显著变化,主要为Goss织构{110}<001>、铜型织构{112}<111>和黄铜型织构{110}<112>,1/4层处Goss织构强度最强。工艺2由于晶粒完全发生再结晶,其织构类型与热轧板有明显差别。
(1)常化板对热轧板的组织和织构具有继承性,常化工艺能够改善热轧板组织的不均匀性。
(2)常化板主要织构类型为Goss织构{110}<001>、铜型织构{112}<111>和黄铜型织构{110}<112>,1/4层处Goss织构强度最强。
(3)延长常化保温时间能够促进晶粒再结晶,促使变形组织消失,织构类型发生明显变化。
(4)提高冷却速度,织构类型无明显变化,Goss织构强度提高。
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2024年第50卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2024-06-01
  • 首发时间:2025-10-20
  • 出版时间:2024-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-01
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    1.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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