Article(id=1187027208200667410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187027204178326004, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)06-0044-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727020800000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760938940333, onlineDateStr=2025-10-20, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760938940333, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760938940333, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760938940333, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1187027204178326004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1760938939375, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760939191531, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1187028261868548309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187027204178326004, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1187028261868548310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187027204178326004, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=44, endPage=47, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187100785134416835, articleId=1187027208200667410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Research on Microstructure and Performances of BTP600 Armor Plate, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the paper, the alloying component system of BTP600 armor plate is designed as well as the laboratory researches on steelmaking, hot rolling and heat treatment are carried out with pilot platform. The results showed that the component system with C content of 0.42% as well as such elements as Cr, Ni, Mo and B could ensure the hardenability of BTP600 steel plate and match of impact toughness and hardness. The microstructure of as-hot-rolled steel plate is lath martensite. After tempering at 180 ℃ and 220 ℃, its boundary becomes blurry and the lath degenerates so that its length becomes shorter. With the increase of tempering temperature, the lath of tempered martensite is widened. Finally, the heat treatment process of 870 ℃ quenching+180 ℃ tempering is selected to be optimal for BTP600 armor plate, with which the impact energy at -40 ℃ could reach 15.2 J and hardness(HBW) is 624 for BTP600 steel plate.

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文章设计了BTP600装甲防弹钢板合金成分体系,利用中试平台开展炼钢、热轧和热处理实验室研究。研究结果表明,C含量为0.42%并添加Cr、Ni、Mo、B等元素的成分体系可保证BTP600钢板的淬透性,同时兼顾冲击韧性和硬度的匹配。热轧态钢板的显微组织为板条马氏体。在180 ℃和220 ℃回火后,板条马氏体边界变得模糊,板条发生退化,长度变短。随着回火温度的升高,回火马氏体出现板条变宽现象。最终选定BTP600装甲防弹钢板最佳热处理工艺为870 ℃淬火+180 ℃回火,该种工艺下,BTP600钢板-40 ℃冲击功达到15.2 J,硬度(HBW)为624。

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崔成波(1979-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,工程师,现从事科研及综合管理工作。

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崔成波(1979-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,工程师,现从事科研及综合管理工作。

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崔成波(1979-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,工程师,现从事科研及综合管理工作。

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牌号 厚度/mm HBW -40 ℃冲击功/J
BTP600 4~20 570~640 ≥12
), ArticleFig(id=1187100886875648158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027208200667410, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

BTP600的技术要求

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牌号 厚度/mm HBW -40 ℃冲击功/J
BTP600 4~20 570~640 ≥12
), ArticleFig(id=1187100887852920991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027208200667410, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo B
协议 ≤0.47 ≤0.70 ≤1.0 ≤0.010 ≤0.005 ≤1.5 ≤3.0 ≤0.7 ≤0.005
实测值 0.40 0.30 0.95 0.009 0.001 1.2 0.80 0.35 0.001 5
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BTP600钢化学成分(质量分数) %

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项目 C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo B
协议 ≤0.47 ≤0.70 ≤1.0 ≤0.010 ≤0.005 ≤1.5 ≤3.0 ≤0.7 ≤0.005
实测值 0.40 0.30 0.95 0.009 0.001 1.2 0.80 0.35 0.001 5
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编号 淬火温度
/℃
淬火时间
/min
回火温度
/℃
回火时间
/min
1# 870 32
2# 870 32 150 54
3# 870 32 180 54
4# 870 32 220 54
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热处理方案

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编号 淬火温度
/℃
淬火时间
/min
回火温度
/℃
回火时间
/min
1# 870 32
2# 870 32 150 54
3# 870 32 180 54
4# 870 32 220 54
), ArticleFig(id=1187100888364626083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027208200667410, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 -40 ℃冲击功/J 硬度(HBW)
1# 8.7 631
2# 11.7 628
3# 14.7 624
4# 15.2 612
协议要求 ≥12 570~640
), ArticleFig(id=1187100888482066596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027208200667410, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

钢板力学性能

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编号 -40 ℃冲击功/J 硬度(HBW)
1# 8.7 631
2# 11.7 628
3# 14.7 624
4# 15.2 612
协议要求 ≥12 570~640
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BTP600防弹钢板组织性能研究
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崔成波 1 , 袁晓鸣 1 , 韩钧 1 , 陈镇方 1 , 董丽丽 1 , 崔弘 2
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2024,50(6): 44-47
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2024, 50(6): 44-47
BTP600防弹钢板组织性能研究
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崔成波1, 袁晓鸣1, 韩钧1, 陈镇方1, 董丽丽1, 崔弘2
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼钢厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 崔成波(1979-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,工程师,现从事科研及综合管理工作。

Research on Microstructure and Performances of BTP600 Armor Plate
Cui Cheng-bo1, Yuan Xiao-ming1, Han Jun1, Chen Zhen-fang1, Dong Li-li1, Cui Hong2
Affiliations
  • 1. Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2. Steel-making Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25
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文章设计了BTP600装甲防弹钢板合金成分体系,利用中试平台开展炼钢、热轧和热处理实验室研究。研究结果表明,C含量为0.42%并添加Cr、Ni、Mo、B等元素的成分体系可保证BTP600钢板的淬透性,同时兼顾冲击韧性和硬度的匹配。热轧态钢板的显微组织为板条马氏体。在180 ℃和220 ℃回火后,板条马氏体边界变得模糊,板条发生退化,长度变短。随着回火温度的升高,回火马氏体出现板条变宽现象。最终选定BTP600装甲防弹钢板最佳热处理工艺为870 ℃淬火+180 ℃回火,该种工艺下,BTP600钢板-40 ℃冲击功达到15.2 J,硬度(HBW)为624。

防弹钢  /  显微组织  /  硬度  /  抗弹性能

In the paper, the alloying component system of BTP600 armor plate is designed as well as the laboratory researches on steelmaking, hot rolling and heat treatment are carried out with pilot platform. The results showed that the component system with C content of 0.42% as well as such elements as Cr, Ni, Mo and B could ensure the hardenability of BTP600 steel plate and match of impact toughness and hardness. The microstructure of as-hot-rolled steel plate is lath martensite. After tempering at 180 ℃ and 220 ℃, its boundary becomes blurry and the lath degenerates so that its length becomes shorter. With the increase of tempering temperature, the lath of tempered martensite is widened. Finally, the heat treatment process of 870 ℃ quenching+180 ℃ tempering is selected to be optimal for BTP600 armor plate, with which the impact energy at -40 ℃ could reach 15.2 J and hardness(HBW) is 624 for BTP600 steel plate.

bulletproof steel  /  microstructure  /  hardness  /  bullet-proof property
崔成波, 袁晓鸣, 韩钧, 陈镇方, 董丽丽, 崔弘. BTP600防弹钢板组织性能研究. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (6) : 44 -47 .
Cui Cheng-bo, Yuan Xiao-ming, Han Jun, Chen Zhen-fang, Dong Li-li, Cui Hong. Research on Microstructure and Performances of BTP600 Armor Plate[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (6) : 44 -47 .
装甲防弹钢与普通结构钢不同的地方在于用途非常特殊,它既是结构材料又是防护材料[1],要求有良好的抗冲击能力,在高强度的基础上保证韧性和焊接性能。
目前装甲防弹用钢板生产企业采用不同的方法对高强度装甲防弹钢板的成分、力学性能及防弹性能等进行不断优化和改进[2-3]。随着装甲防弹用钢冶炼工艺和热处理工艺的不断发展,伴随着合金成分体系的优化,装甲钢由低强度向高硬度、超高硬度、高强度和高韧性发展。新型装甲钢的硬度(HBW)在500~650之间,抗拉强度在1 500~2 100 MPa之间[4-6]。通常情况下,高强度装甲车用材料的抗弹性能与钢板硬度和韧塑性密切相关。但材料硬度的提高会在一定程度上影响材料的韧性和塑性,因此对高强度装甲防弹用钢板的显微组织、硬度和韧塑性能的研究具有重要的意义[7]。本文通过微合金化成分体系设计,实验室冶炼、轧制、热处理等生产工艺参数制定,在实验室成功研发并生产出装甲防弹钢板BTP600。
根据高性能装甲防弹用钢板BTP600的技术要求,兼顾高硬度和低合金成本目标,合金成分体系的设计思路为通过添加Cr、Ni、Mo和B元素达到高硬度和高淬透性[8-9]。装甲防弹钢板BTP600的技术要求如表1所示。
C作为最经济有效的间隙固溶强化元素,考虑高性能装甲防弹用钢BTP600的强度和硬度要求,将C元素含量目标值设定为0.42%。Cr元素在装甲防弹钢中主要起固溶强化作用[10],Cr可与C元素可形成多种碳化物,故成分设计时Cr元素含量目标值设定为1.2%。Ni元素作为奥氏体形成元素,可以兼顾钢的强度和韧性的匹配,但是成本较高,目标值设定为0.80%。Mo元素在钢中可以有效抑制碳化物的聚集,考虑合金成本的情况下,将目标值设定为0.35%。添加少量B元素可以替代其他合金元素,显著提高钢的淬透性,但过量的B会在晶界呈网状析出而影响钢的冲击韧性[11],所以将B元素含量限制在0.000 5%~0.003 0%范围内。高性能装甲防弹用钢板BTP600的合金成分体系设计如表2所示。
装甲防弹钢板BTP600实验室研究工艺流程为:合金成分体系设计→实验室真空冶炼炉冶炼→化学成分检验→试验轧机热轧→力学性能检验。冶炼设备采用实验室真空冶炼炉,浇铸成110 mm厚度的坯料,用加热炉将坯料加热至1 250 ℃后保温240 min,采用两阶段控轧工艺将坯料轧制到8 mm,终轧温度目标值设定为900 ℃。试验钢热处理工艺方案见表3
影响板条马氏体硬度和韧性的主要因素是C含量和马氏体亚结构。C的固溶强化效果显著,且在回火过程中,C元素会发生偏聚,回火温度高时,会以碳化物的形式析出[12]。因此,在制定回火工艺时,要保证钢板内应力得到释放,同时要考虑析出的碳化物尺寸,碳化物尺寸过大会降低钢的冲击韧性。
本文试验钢热处理工艺为:1#试样只采用淬火工艺,2#~4#试样采用淬火+低温回火工艺,淬火温度选定为870 ℃,淬火保温时间为32 min,回火温度为150 ℃、180 ℃、220 ℃,回火保温时间为54 min。
显微组织对装甲钢板抗弹性能的影响较大。不同的热处理和热加工工艺会产生不同的组织,从而影响装甲钢的抗弹性能。一般情况下,高硬度装甲钢具有回火马氏体组织,可以实现强度和韧性匹配。在保持强度水平不变的基础上,热处理得到一定体积分数的下贝氏体+马氏体复合组织,该复合组织的韧性优于全马氏体组织[13]
从热轧态BTP600钢板的适当位置选取金相试样,因强度和硬度较高,采用高速锯切割,样品经研磨抛光后,用4%硝酸酒精溶液蚀刻表面,用蔡司显微镜观察微观结构。热轧态BTP600钢板显微组织如图1所示。
图1可见,高性能装甲防弹钢BTP600热轧态钢板的显微组织为板条马氏体,板条马氏体具有良好的强韧性。
从热处理后BTP600钢板的适当位置选取金相试样,因强度和硬度较高,采用高速锯切割。样品经研磨抛光后,用4%硝酸酒精溶液蚀刻表面,采用蔡司显微镜观察显微组织。热处理态BTP600钢板显微组织如图2所示。
图2为试验钢经870 ℃淬火和不同温度回火后的显微组织。图2(a)为装甲钢单独淬火、未回火处理的显微组织,组织类型为马氏体。从图2(b)可以看出,淬火后的装甲钢在150 ℃回火后,其显微组织变化不大,仍保持马氏体形态[14-15]。从图2(c)(d)可以看出,经180 ℃和220 ℃回火后,组织形貌变化明显,马氏体板条边界模糊,板条退化。
化学成分及热处理工艺会决定装甲防弹钢板各阶段显微组织的类型,而不同的显微组织会导致力学性能的差异。高性能装甲防弹钢板BTP600热处理后力学性能如表4所示。
表4可以看出,1#试验钢只经过淬火,未经低温回火,冲击功为8.7 J,经低温回火后,冲击韧性提高30%以上,180 ℃回火后,BTP600钢板-40 ℃冲击功达到14.7 J,此时硬度(HBW)为624。随着回火温度的升高,试验钢的硬度逐渐降低,布氏硬度(HBW)从631下降到612。综合-40 ℃冲击功和钢板硬度的匹配,最终选定高性能装甲防弹钢板BTP600最佳热处理工艺为870 ℃淬火+180 ℃回火。
(1)高性能装甲防弹用钢BTP600采用C含量为0.42%、添加Cr、Ni、Mo、B等元素的成分体系,可保证试验钢的淬透性,兼顾装甲防弹钢板的冲击韧性和硬度匹配。
(2)高性能装甲防弹钢BTP600热轧态钢板的显微组织为板条马氏体。经870 ℃淬火和系列温度回火后的组织均为马氏体。在180 ℃和220 ℃回火后,板条马氏体边界变得模糊,板条发生退化,长度变短。随着回火温度的升高,回火马氏体出现板条变宽现象。
(3)高性能装甲防弹钢板BTP600最佳热处理工艺为870 ℃淬火+180 ℃回火,该种工艺下BTP600钢板-40 ℃冲击功达到14.7 J,硬度(HBW)为624。
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2024年第50卷第6期
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  • 接收时间:2024-09-23
  • 首发时间:2025-10-20
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-23
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    1.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼钢厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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