Article(id=1187027207382778118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187027204178326004, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)06-0079-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723392000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760938940138, onlineDateStr=2025-10-20, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760938940138, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760938940138, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760938940138, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1187027204178326004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1760938939375, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760939191531, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1187028261868548309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187027204178326004, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1187028261868548310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187027204178326004, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=79, endPage=83, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187100781883831232, articleId=1187027207382778118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Study on Corrosion-resistant Cold Heading Steel for High Strength Bolts, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the gradual development of rail transit system, bridges and building engineering to large scale and span, the strength of steel used is required to be continuously improved. As the union piece, working stress of bolt products is obviously improved and its working environment is worse so that the requirements of its strength and corrosion resistance are higher. The corrosion resistance of material is improved by adding elements of Cu and Ni as well as austenite structure of steel is finer by adding such elements of refining grain as V and Nb. As a result, the hardenability of steel is reduced and its good cold heading performance is ensured so that the cold heading steel with high strength and corrosion resistance is successfully researched and developed.

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随着轨道交通系统、桥梁和建筑工程等逐渐向大型化、大跨距发展,要求所用钢材的强度不断提高,螺栓类产品作为连接零件,其工作应力显著提高,工作环境更加恶劣,这就对所用螺栓类零件的强度以及耐腐蚀性能提出更高的要求。通过加入Cu和Ni元素来提高材料的耐腐蚀性能,加入细化晶粒元素V和Nb来使钢的奥氏体组织更加细小,降低了钢的淬透性,保证了其良好的冷镦性能,成功研发出了具有高强度、高耐腐蚀性能的冷镦钢。

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张晓晨(1996-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事特钢产品研发工作。

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张晓晨(1996-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事特钢产品研发工作。

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张晓晨(1996-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事特钢产品研发工作。

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ML20MnTiB-1合金冷镦钢螺栓镦头开裂原因分析[J]. 南方金属, 2023(3):40-42., articleTitle=ML20MnTiB-1合金冷镦钢螺栓镦头开裂原因分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1187100882115113061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027207382778118, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=21, issue=12, pageStart=42, pageEnd=44, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=成旭东, journalName=中国冶金, refType=null, unstructuredReference=成旭东. ML08Al冷镦钢生产实践[J]. 中国冶金, 2011, 21(12):42-44., articleTitle=ML08Al冷镦钢生产实践, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1187100882169639014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027207382778118, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1993, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=70, pageEnd=73, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Francisco B, Macedo D S, journalName=Wire Journal International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Francisco B, Macedo D S. Dual-Phase Steel for 8.8 Strength Class Fasteners[J]. Wire Journal International, 1993(9):70-73., articleTitle=Dual-Phase Steel for 8.8 Strength Class Fasteners, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1187100882224164967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027207382778118, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=6, pageStart=153, pageEnd=160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=陈继林, 马洪磊, 霍立伟, journalName=钢铁钒钛, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈继林, 马洪磊, 霍立伟. Cr-Mo-V系冷镦钢表面脱碳演变规律的研究[J]. 钢铁钒钛, 2022, 43(6):153-160., articleTitle=Cr-Mo-V系冷镦钢表面脱碳演变规律的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1187100882282885224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027207382778118, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=35, issue=2, pageStart=46, pageEnd=50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=黄宝, 何立波, 邢娜, journalName=上海金属, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄宝, 何立波, 邢娜. 日本生产高品质冷镦钢品种现状[J]. 上海金属, 2013, 35(2):46-50., articleTitle=日本生产高品质冷镦钢品种现状, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1187100882345799785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027207382778118, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=null, issue=22, pageStart=117, pageEnd=118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Cook W T, Williams R G, Albiston J N, journalName=Iron-Making and Steel-Making, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cook W T, Williams R G, Albiston J N. Cold Forging for High Strength Lower Cost Steel Fasteners[J]. Iron-Making and Steel-Making, 1995(22):117-118., articleTitle=Cold Forging for High Strength Lower Cost Steel Fasteners, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1187100882417102954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027207382778118, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1993, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=437, pageEnd=440, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Walper E, Kohler H, journalName=Steel Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Walper E, Kohler H. High-Tensile Bolts without Heat Treatment[J]. 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编号 C Si Mn P S V Nb Cr Ni Cu Mo
1# 0.41 0.75 0.74 0.013 0.008 0.091 0.006 0.94 0.22
2# 0.43 0.75 0.72 0.015 0.007 0.088 0.005 0.99 0.35 0.22
3# 0.43 0.77 0.74 0.013 0.007 0.090 0.006 0.97 0.61 0.34 0.24
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试验钢的化学成分(质量分数) %

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编号 C Si Mn P S V Nb Cr Ni Cu Mo
1# 0.41 0.75 0.74 0.013 0.008 0.091 0.006 0.94 0.22
2# 0.43 0.75 0.72 0.015 0.007 0.088 0.005 0.99 0.35 0.22
3# 0.43 0.77 0.74 0.013 0.007 0.090 0.006 0.97 0.61 0.34 0.24
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开轧温度 精轧终轧温度
1 020±20 880±20
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轧制工艺参数 ℃

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开轧温度 精轧终轧温度
1 020±20 880±20
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编号 试样号 屈服强度/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 延伸率/% 面缩率/% 屈强比
1# 1 987 1 210 16.0 30 0.82
2 909 1 198 16.8 29 0.76
3 941 1 201 16.5 33 0.78
4 875 1 165 17.1 31 0.75
2# 1 1 165 1 298 17.2 32 0.90
2 1 198 1 302 16.9 36 0.92
3 1 201 1 362 18.1 31 0.88
4 1 183 1 355 17.9 30 0.87
3# 1 1 483 1 604 18.5 38 0.92
2 1 478 1 645 18.5 40 0.90
3 1 595 1 677 20.0 41 0.95
4 1 540 1 716 19.0 36 0.90
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试验钢拉伸试验结果

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编号 试样号 屈服强度/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 延伸率/% 面缩率/% 屈强比
1# 1 987 1 210 16.0 30 0.82
2 909 1 198 16.8 29 0.76
3 941 1 201 16.5 33 0.78
4 875 1 165 17.1 31 0.75
2# 1 1 165 1 298 17.2 32 0.90
2 1 198 1 302 16.9 36 0.92
3 1 201 1 362 18.1 31 0.88
4 1 183 1 355 17.9 30 0.87
3# 1 1 483 1 604 18.5 38 0.92
2 1 478 1 645 18.5 40 0.90
3 1 595 1 677 20.0 41 0.95
4 1 540 1 716 19.0 36 0.90
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编号 KU2/J
1# 16.1 15.8 16.1
2# 18.5 18.2 17.9
3# 20.7 18.8 21.0
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试验钢冲击试验结果

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编号 KU2/J
1# 16.1 15.8 16.1
2# 18.5 18.2 17.9
3# 20.7 18.8 21.0
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编号 24 h 48 h 72 h
1# 2.16 2.02 1.98
2# 1.74 1.61 1.54
3# 1.27 1.19 1.12
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试验钢的腐蚀速率 g/(m2·h)

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编号 24 h 48 h 72 h
1# 2.16 2.02 1.98
2# 1.74 1.61 1.54
3# 1.27 1.19 1.12
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高强度螺栓用耐腐蚀冷镦钢的研究
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张晓晨 1 , 赵晓敏 1 , 宋振东 1 , 李学东 1 , 王刚 1 , 崔弘 2
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2024,50(6): 79-83
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2024, 50(6): 79-83
高强度螺栓用耐腐蚀冷镦钢的研究
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张晓晨1, 赵晓敏1, 宋振东1, 李学东1, 王刚1, 崔弘2
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼钢厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 张晓晨(1996-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事特钢产品研发工作。

Study on Corrosion-resistant Cold Heading Steel for High Strength Bolts
Zhang Xiao-chen1, Zhao Xiao-min1, Song Zhen-dong1, Li Xue-dong1, Wang Gang1, Cui Hong2
Affiliations
  • 1. Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2. Steel-making Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25
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随着轨道交通系统、桥梁和建筑工程等逐渐向大型化、大跨距发展,要求所用钢材的强度不断提高,螺栓类产品作为连接零件,其工作应力显著提高,工作环境更加恶劣,这就对所用螺栓类零件的强度以及耐腐蚀性能提出更高的要求。通过加入Cu和Ni元素来提高材料的耐腐蚀性能,加入细化晶粒元素V和Nb来使钢的奥氏体组织更加细小,降低了钢的淬透性,保证了其良好的冷镦性能,成功研发出了具有高强度、高耐腐蚀性能的冷镦钢。

螺栓类零件  /  耐腐蚀性能  /  细化晶粒  /  高强度冷镦钢

With the gradual development of rail transit system, bridges and building engineering to large scale and span, the strength of steel used is required to be continuously improved. As the union piece, working stress of bolt products is obviously improved and its working environment is worse so that the requirements of its strength and corrosion resistance are higher. The corrosion resistance of material is improved by adding elements of Cu and Ni as well as austenite structure of steel is finer by adding such elements of refining grain as V and Nb. As a result, the hardenability of steel is reduced and its good cold heading performance is ensured so that the cold heading steel with high strength and corrosion resistance is successfully researched and developed.

bolt parts  /  corrosion resistance  /  refining grain  /  high strength cold heading steel
张晓晨, 赵晓敏, 宋振东, 李学东, 王刚, 崔弘. 高强度螺栓用耐腐蚀冷镦钢的研究. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (6) : 79 -83 .
Zhang Xiao-chen, Zhao Xiao-min, Song Zhen-dong, Li Xue-dong, Wang Gang, Cui Hong. Study on Corrosion-resistant Cold Heading Steel for High Strength Bolts[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (6) : 79 -83 .
钢材的腐蚀不仅在经济方面造成很大的损失,而且给钢结构带来安全隐患。数百年来,广大研究者对于钢材腐蚀做了大量的研究,提出了各式各样的金属防腐蚀策略,例如:通过电镀、热镀或者喷镀等方法在金属外壳加一层保护层,利用电化学或者外加电流的方法来减缓金属在自然界中由于各种因素产生的腐蚀。这些方法的工艺都比较繁琐,操作起来耗费大量的人力、物力,增加了成本,而且可能导致金属离子流入自然环境中,造成环境污染,破坏生态环境[1]。在市场需求及国家政策的推动下,耐腐蚀钢材成为首要选择。
耐腐蚀钢是通过在钢铁冶炼过程中加入Cu、Ni、Cr、Mn、P等元素,使钢材的表面在大气气氛下缓慢地形成一层极薄、非常致密而且结合牢固的氧化层(钝化层),氧化层覆盖在金属表面,通过隔绝空气中的氧气、水分子以及其他物质和钢材内部的元素产生化学反应,阻止造成进一步腐蚀,使得钢材自身就具备较强的耐大气腐蚀能力[2-3]。这样不仅降低了钢材的生产成本,而且很大程度上降低了后期的维护成本。
冷镦钢是一种在常温条件下通过冷镦成型工艺生产各种类型紧固件的钢种,其一般为合金结构钢或者低、中碳优质碳素结构钢。利用金属优良的塑性加工成型,材料内部的组织会非常致密,因此带来产品机械性能良好、成材率较高、能量消耗少、产品精度高、表面光洁度优良等优势[4-7]。另外,为了实现连接类零件轻量化,减小零件的尺寸和提高其质量,提高螺栓的强度是颇为有效的措施之一。只有螺栓强度不断提高,才可能带来更大的承载效率。本文借鉴以往耐腐蚀钢的开发经验,综合考虑了冷镦钢冷成型工艺,成功研发出了具有高强度、高耐腐蚀性能的冷镦钢。
试验使用25 kg真空中频感应炉,采用真空加入的方式,冶炼了3炉试验钢,并模拟现场生产工艺进行轧制。试验钢的化学成分见表1
在冶轧试验室经过11道次将铸锭轧制成板材,中间不待温,终轧厚度为12 mm,其工艺为:
(1)加热:加热温度为1 200±20 ℃。
(2)轧钢:轧钢分为两阶段,第一个阶段是预处理阶段,通过对钢坯粗轧使其形成一定的形状。第二个阶段是精轧阶段,在合适的温度下使钢坯截面变形直至满足产品的规格。轧制工艺参数见表2
拉伸试验按照GB/T 228.1—2021《金属材料拉伸试验 第1部分:室温试验方法》进行。试验钢加工成Φ10 mm的标准拉伸试样,每号进行了4组平行的拉伸试验,测试时室温为20 ℃。试验结果见表3
由试验结果可以看出,3#试验钢具有很高的屈服强度和抗拉强度,且其断后延伸率和面缩率较好,相比1#和2#试验钢,3#试验钢有更高的屈强比。
冲击试验按照GB/T 229—2020《金属材料夏比摆锤冲击试验方法》进行。试验钢的加工尺寸为10 mm×10 mm×55 mm,每号进行了3组平行的冲击试验,测试时室温为20 ℃。试验结果见表4
从以上试验结果可以看出,3#试验钢相比1#和2#试验钢,具有更好的冲击韧性。
金属材料晶粒尺寸的大小对材料的塑性、韧性以及抗拉强度等多种力学性能会产生很大的影响。一般来说,材料的晶粒尺寸大,材料的韧性、塑性和强度会降低[8]。通过对试样粗磨、细磨以及抛光,再使用4%的硝酸酒精溶液对试样侵蚀,得到原始奥氏体晶界,然后使用金相显微镜进行观察。图1为试验钢的金相组织照片。
图1金相组织可以看出,1#、2#和3#试验钢组织均为珠光体,且3#试验钢珠光体片层间距更小,间距越小,钢的强度和塑性越高。
周期浸润加速腐蚀试验是通过人工来模拟腐蚀环境进行的室内加速腐蚀试验。通常,在试验过程中,利用溶液浸润、干湿环境交替以及红外线灯光烘烤等手段实现试验材料的加速腐蚀过程,从而研究材料在自然界交替气候环境下的适应性和服役水平[9]
本试验按照铁标TB/T 2375—1993《铁路用耐候钢周期浸润腐蚀试验方法》进行。试样的加工尺寸为60 mm×40 mm×4 mm,并在两侧打孔,为了避免试验偶然性,每号准备了5个平行试样,进行了3组平行的周期浸润加速腐蚀试验。
试验选用NaHSO3溶液,试验时间分别为24 h、48 h和72 h,共三个周期。试验温度为45 ℃,轮子转速为120 r/min。腐蚀片试样用塑料绝缘绳绑好,悬挂于周期浸润腐蚀箱内的轮子上。试验过程中分别于24 h、48 h、72 h取出试样,然后经过丙酮清洗除油、无水乙醇除水等步骤后,对试样进行称重,并记录称重结果,进行相应的腐蚀分析。试验钢的腐蚀速率见表5
表5的腐蚀速率数据可以看出,3#试验钢相比1#和2#试验钢腐蚀速率低,具有很好的耐腐蚀性能。
使用Gamry Reference电化学工作站对试验钢在3.5%NaCl的腐蚀溶液中进行电位扫描极化曲线测试。电位范围为-0.25~0.25 V。图4(a)为1#试验钢腐蚀72 h后的极化曲线,图4(b)为2#试验钢腐蚀72 h后的极化曲线,图4(c)为3#试验钢腐蚀72 h后的极化曲线。
从试验钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀72 h后的极化曲线可以看出,1#、2#和3#试验钢的自腐蚀电位分别为-1.029 V、-0.921 V和-0.557 V,3#试验钢相比1#和2#试验钢自腐蚀电位向正向移动,因此其耐腐蚀性最好。
(1)通过在冶炼工艺中加入细化晶粒元素V和Nb,使得3#试验钢具有很高的屈服强度和抗拉强度,且其断后延伸率和面缩率较好。力学性能检验结果为:屈服强度大于1 450 MPa,抗拉强度大于1 600 MPa,延伸率大于18%,面缩率大于35%。
(2)试验钢组织为珠光体,且3#试验钢珠光体片层间距小,强度和塑性更优。
(3)通过在冶炼工艺中加入耐候元素Cu和Ni,周期浸润加速腐蚀试验结果以及电化学分析表明,3#试验钢具有很好的耐腐蚀性能。
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  • 接收时间:2024-08-12
  • 首发时间:2025-10-20
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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    1.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼钢厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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