Article(id=1187027206929789438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187027204178326004, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)06-0070-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708185600000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760938940030, onlineDateStr=2025-10-20, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760938940030, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760938940030, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760938940030, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1187027204178326004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1760938939375, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760939191531, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1187028261868548309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187027204178326004, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1187028261868548310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187027204178326004, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=70, endPage=74, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187100781917385665, articleId=1187027206929789438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Study on Fixed Flash Welding Process of 380HB Grade High Strength Heat Treated Rare Earth Rail, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
In the paper, it is introduced the studies on fixed flash welding process of 380HB grade high strength heat treated rare earth rail and normalizing process of joints are carried out with the common fixed flash welder and heat treatment equipment for normalizing of joints at home and abroad. The optimal welding process and heat treatment process of joints are summarized through comparing and analyzing the qualified rate of drop weight tear test, area of grey-spots and Rockwell hardness of longitudinal section for joints with different processes. For the joints of fixed flash welding for obtained 380HB grade high strength heat treated rare earth rail, the mean values of tensile strength Rm, elongation after fracture A and impact energy at room temperature KU2 are 1 141 MPa, 12.5% and 16.0 J respectively, hardness ratios of joints HJ/HP is 0.92, HJ1/HP is 0.84 as well as width of softened zone for joints W≤15 mm so that the mechanical properties and microstructure of joints could all meet the standard requirements. As a result, the problems of lower hardness and drop hammer fracture of flash joint for high strength heat treated rail are solved so that the excellent performance matching of welded joints and rail could be achieved, which could meet the requirements of wear resistance and compliance for heavy-haul railway to joints of high strength heat treated rail.
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文章采用国内外通用的固定闪光焊机和接头正火热处理设备,开展了380HB级别稀土高强热处理钢轨固定闪光焊接工艺、接头正火工艺研究。通过对比分析不同工艺下接头落锤合格率、灰斑面积及纵断面洛氏硬度,总结了最优的焊接工艺及接头热处理工艺,得到的380HB级别稀土高强热处理钢轨固定闪光焊接头抗拉强度Rm平均值为1 141 MPa,断后伸长率A平均值为12.5%,常温冲击KU2平均值为16.0 J,接头硬度比值HJ/HP为0.92、HJ1/HP为0.84,接头软化区宽度W≤15 mm,接头力学性能及显微组织均满足标准要求。解决了高强热处理钢轨闪光焊接头硬度偏低及落锤断裂的难题,使焊接接头与钢轨达到优良的性能匹配,满足重载铁路对高强热处理钢轨接头耐磨性和平顺性的要求。
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张凤明(1987-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,高级工程师,现从事钢轨产品研发及焊接工艺研究工作。
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张凤明(1987-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,高级工程师,现从事钢轨产品研发及焊接工艺研究工作。
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张凤明(1987-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,高级工程师,现从事钢轨产品研发及焊接工艺研究工作。
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TB/T 1632.2—2014,钢轨焊接第2部分:闪光焊接[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1187100947751776805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027206929789438, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=TB/T 1632.1—2014,钢轨焊接第1部分:通用技术条件, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
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同工艺下闪光焊接头落锤断口宏观照片, figureFileSmall=KOV262dr0TRK07lUVbKiAw==, figureFileBig=VM6XQMTeKIdN85eTWW71bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1187100944765432328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027206929789438, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=UK2aHE/EKrYESZyEp65aMw==, figureFileBig=zpjspBEeFXlxBHHh1BeHBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1187100944819958281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027206929789438, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
工艺1接头纵断面洛氏硬度曲线图, figureFileSmall=UK2aHE/EKrYESZyEp65aMw==, figureFileBig=zpjspBEeFXlxBHHh1BeHBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1187100944870289930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027206929789438, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ApxHNT4Fl4/UUzffW46zzA==, figureFileBig=GF4V7GEbMdbfNCyFiA19SQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1187100944912232971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027206929789438, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
工艺2接头纵断面洛氏硬度曲线图, figureFileSmall=ApxHNT4Fl4/UUzffW46zzA==, figureFileBig=GF4V7GEbMdbfNCyFiA19SQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1187100944966758924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027206929789438, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=KvTDJl77aqb0fPhM2EisPg==, figureFileBig=9riuWT6mzmenmiD4KvMHeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1187100945025479181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027206929789438, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
工艺3接头纵断面洛氏硬度曲线图, figureFileSmall=KvTDJl77aqb0fPhM2EisPg==, figureFileBig=9riuWT6mzmenmiD4KvMHeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1187100945080005134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027206929789438, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=3qRxd9Dqw7A5079ID1dJXg==, figureFileBig=X6jDFEUuuG3RsikyQLfPiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1187100945147113999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027206929789438, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
接头不同位置显微组织, figureFileSmall=3qRxd9Dqw7A5079ID1dJXg==, figureFileBig=X6jDFEUuuG3RsikyQLfPiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1187100945214222864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027206929789438, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 力学性能 | | 化学成分(质量分数)/% |
抗拉强度
Rm/MPa | 断后伸长率
A/% | 轨顶面硬度
(HBW) | C | Si | Mn | Cr+Nb+V+RE | P | S |
| 1 359 | 10.5 | 392 | | 0.80~0.82 | 0.70~0.80 | 0.95~1.10 | ≥0.55 | 0.008 | 0.003 |
), ArticleFig(id=1187100945293914641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027206929789438, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
试验用钢轨力学性能及化学成分
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| 力学性能 | | 化学成分(质量分数)/% |
抗拉强度
Rm/MPa | 断后伸长率
A/% | 轨顶面硬度
(HBW) | C | Si | Mn | Cr+Nb+V+RE | P | S |
| 1 359 | 10.5 | 392 | | 0.80~0.82 | 0.70~0.80 | 0.95~1.10 | ≥0.55 | 0.008 | 0.003 |
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| 焊接工艺 | 预热次数 | 预热电流
/kA | 顶锻量
/mm | 熔化末速度
/(mm·s-1) | 焊接时间
/s | 落锤断裂数
/支 | 缺陷形式 |
| 工艺1 | 8 | 62.0~64.5 | 8.0~11.0 | 1.6~1.9 | 101~107 | 4 | 灰斑 |
| 工艺2 | 10 | 62.0~63.5 | 11.0~13.5 | 2.1~2.4 | 109~115 | 2 | 灰斑 |
| 工艺3 | 12 | 60.5~62.0 | 14.0~16.0 | 2.6~2.8 | 116~121 | 0 | |
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钢轨闪光焊主要调整参数及落锤结果
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| 焊接工艺 | 预热次数 | 预热电流
/kA | 顶锻量
/mm | 熔化末速度
/(mm·s-1) | 焊接时间
/s | 落锤断裂数
/支 | 缺陷形式 |
| 工艺1 | 8 | 62.0~64.5 | 8.0~11.0 | 1.6~1.9 | 101~107 | 4 | 灰斑 |
| 工艺2 | 10 | 62.0~63.5 | 11.0~13.5 | 2.1~2.4 | 109~115 | 2 | 灰斑 |
| 工艺3 | 12 | 60.5~62.0 | 14.0~16.0 | 2.6~2.8 | 116~121 | 0 | |
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| 工艺 | 接头正火加热工艺 | | 接头喷风工艺 |
| 低频加热温度/℃ | 高频加热温度/℃ | 加热时间/s | 喷风压力/MPa | 喷风时间/s | 终冷温度/℃ |
| 工艺1 | 800~810 | 880~900 | 145~160 | | 0.20~0.28 | 130~140 | 450~500 |
| 工艺2 | 840~850 | 900~920 | 145~160 | | 0.25~0.30 | 130~140 | 450~500 |
| 工艺3 | 840~850 | 890~910 | 145~160 | | 0.35~0.40 | 120~130 | 350~400 |
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380HB级别稀土高强热处理钢轨接头正火热处理工艺
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| 工艺 | 接头正火加热工艺 | | 接头喷风工艺 |
| 低频加热温度/℃ | 高频加热温度/℃ | 加热时间/s | 喷风压力/MPa | 喷风时间/s | 终冷温度/℃ |
| 工艺1 | 800~810 | 880~900 | 145~160 | | 0.20~0.28 | 130~140 | 450~500 |
| 工艺2 | 840~850 | 900~920 | 145~160 | | 0.25~0.30 | 130~140 | 450~500 |
| 工艺3 | 840~850 | 890~910 | 145~160 | | 0.35~0.40 | 120~130 | 350~400 |
), ArticleFig(id=1187100946518651414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027206929789438, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 工艺 | 母材硬度平均值HP
(HRC) | 焊接接头硬度
平均值HJ(HRC) | 焊接接头软点硬度
平均值HJ1(HRC) | HJ/HP | HJ1/HP | 软化区宽度W
/mm |
| 工艺1 | 40.60 | 35.70 | 32.20 | 0.88 | 0.79 | 25,26 |
| 工艺2 | 39.80 | 34.50 | 31.50 | 0.87 | 0.79 | 33,35 |
| 工艺3 | 39.50 | 36.30 | 33.10 | 0.92 | 0.84 | 13,15 |
), ArticleFig(id=1187100946619314711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027206929789438, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
不同正火工艺下接头纵断面洛氏硬度试验结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 工艺 | 母材硬度平均值HP
(HRC) | 焊接接头硬度
平均值HJ(HRC) | 焊接接头软点硬度
平均值HJ1(HRC) | HJ/HP | HJ1/HP | 软化区宽度W
/mm |
| 工艺1 | 40.60 | 35.70 | 32.20 | 0.88 | 0.79 | 25,26 |
| 工艺2 | 39.80 | 34.50 | 31.50 | 0.87 | 0.79 | 33,35 |
| 工艺3 | 39.50 | 36.30 | 33.10 | 0.92 | 0.84 | 13,15 |
), ArticleFig(id=1187100946694812184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027206929789438, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 性能 | 拉伸试样位置 | 平均值 | 标准要求 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
抗拉强度
Rm/MPa | 1 137 | 1 122 | 1 151 | 1 117 | 1 120 | 1 111 | 1 188 | 1 160 | 1 159 | 1 141 | ≥980 |
断后伸长
率A/% | 13.5 | 13.0 | 12.5 | 11.0 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 11.5 | 12.5 | 13.5 | 12.5 | ≥6.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1187100946791281177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027206929789438, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
热处理工艺3接头拉伸性能及标准要求
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 性能 | 拉伸试样位置 | 平均值 | 标准要求 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
抗拉强度
Rm/MPa | 1 137 | 1 122 | 1 151 | 1 117 | 1 120 | 1 111 | 1 188 | 1 160 | 1 159 | 1 141 | ≥980 |
断后伸长
率A/% | 13.5 | 13.0 | 12.5 | 11.0 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 11.5 | 12.5 | 13.5 | 12.5 | ≥6.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1187100946845807130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027206929789438, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 性能 | 冲击试样位置 | 平均值 | 标准要求 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
常温冲击
KU2/J | 20.2 | 16.4 | 14.0 | 22.8 | 12.3 | 13.9 | 11.5 | 10.6 | 12.8 | 10.0 | 11.4 | 14.7 | 27.9 | 25.3 | 16.0 | ≥6.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1187100946921304603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027206929789438, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
热处理工艺3接头冲击性能及标准要求
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 性能 | 冲击试样位置 | 平均值 | 标准要求 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
常温冲击
KU2/J | 20.2 | 16.4 | 14.0 | 22.8 | 12.3 | 13.9 | 11.5 | 10.6 | 12.8 | 10.0 | 11.4 | 14.7 | 27.9 | 25.3 | 16.0 | ≥6.5 |
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