Article(id=1187027205998653947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187027204178326004, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)06-0048-03, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720022400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760938939809, onlineDateStr=2025-10-20, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760938939809, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760938939809, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760938939809, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1187027204178326004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1760938939375, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760939191531, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1187028261868548309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187027204178326004, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1187028261868548310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187027204178326004, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=48, endPage=50, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187100785222497220, articleId=1187027205998653947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Analysis on Defect of Cold-lap on Surface of DC04 Cold Rolled Plate, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The research on the defect of cold-lap on surface of DC04 cold rolled plate is carried out. The defect parts of the sample taken from defective cold rolled plate are analyzed by the metalloscope, scanning electron microscope and energy spectrometer. The results showed that the defect of cold-lap on surface of cold rolled plate was caused by inclusions containing such elements as C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si and Ca as well as the inclusions are resulting from the compounds of casting powder in continuous casting process and inclusions in molten steel. The defect of cold-lap can be reduced by improving the cleanliness of molten steel, ensuring good conditions of continuous casting machine and constant casting speed as far as possible as well as reducing level fluctuation of crystallizer.

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针对DC04冷轧板表面出现的重皮缺陷展开研究。对缺陷冷轧板进行取样,对试样的缺陷部位采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪进行分析。分析结果表明,冷轧板表面重皮缺陷是由夹杂物引起的,夹杂物中有C、O、Na、Mg、Al、Si、Ca等元素,夹杂物来源于连铸过程中的保护渣和钢液中夹杂物形成的复合物。通过提高钢水洁净度、保证连铸机的良好状态、尽量保证恒拉速、减少结晶器液面波动等可以减少重皮缺陷。

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贾鹏霞(1987-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,工程师,现从事金属材料物理性能检测研究工作。

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贾鹏霞(1987-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,工程师,现从事金属材料物理性能检测研究工作。

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贾鹏霞(1987-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,工程师,现从事金属材料物理性能检测研究工作。

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DC04冷轧板表面重皮缺陷分析
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贾鹏霞 1 , 李培德 1 , 杨静 1 , 霍明 2 , 王婷 1 , 尹金霞 1
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2024,50(6): 48-50
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2024, 50(6): 48-50
DC04冷轧板表面重皮缺陷分析
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贾鹏霞1, 李培德1, 杨静1, 霍明2, 王婷1, 尹金霞1
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2.燕京啤酒(包头雪鹿)股份有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 贾鹏霞(1987-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,工程师,现从事金属材料物理性能检测研究工作。

Analysis on Defect of Cold-lap on Surface of DC04 Cold Rolled Plate
Jia Peng-xia1, Li Pei-de1, Yang Jing1, Huo Ming2, Wang Ting1, Yin Jin-xia1
Affiliations
  • 1. Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2. Yanjing Beer (Baotou Snow Deer) Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25
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针对DC04冷轧板表面出现的重皮缺陷展开研究。对缺陷冷轧板进行取样,对试样的缺陷部位采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪进行分析。分析结果表明,冷轧板表面重皮缺陷是由夹杂物引起的,夹杂物中有C、O、Na、Mg、Al、Si、Ca等元素,夹杂物来源于连铸过程中的保护渣和钢液中夹杂物形成的复合物。通过提高钢水洁净度、保证连铸机的良好状态、尽量保证恒拉速、减少结晶器液面波动等可以减少重皮缺陷。

DC04冷轧板  /  重皮缺陷  /  能谱分析

The research on the defect of cold-lap on surface of DC04 cold rolled plate is carried out. The defect parts of the sample taken from defective cold rolled plate are analyzed by the metalloscope, scanning electron microscope and energy spectrometer. The results showed that the defect of cold-lap on surface of cold rolled plate was caused by inclusions containing such elements as C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si and Ca as well as the inclusions are resulting from the compounds of casting powder in continuous casting process and inclusions in molten steel. The defect of cold-lap can be reduced by improving the cleanliness of molten steel, ensuring good conditions of continuous casting machine and constant casting speed as far as possible as well as reducing level fluctuation of crystallizer.

DC04 cold rolled plate  /  defect of cold-lap  /  energy spectrum analysis
贾鹏霞, 李培德, 杨静, 霍明, 王婷, 尹金霞. DC04冷轧板表面重皮缺陷分析. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (6) : 48 -50 .
Jia Peng-xia, Li Pei-de, Yang Jing, Huo Ming, Wang Ting, Yin Jin-xia. Analysis on Defect of Cold-lap on Surface of DC04 Cold Rolled Plate[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (6) : 48 -50 .
DC04钢板属于低碳冷轧钢板,它主要用作汽车零部件以及电器产品零部件的冲压件,因此对表面质量和成分要求比较严格[1]。DC04钢板强度和硬度较低,塑性、韧性、延展性较好,还具有良好的低温韧性。在生产过程中,DC04冷轧板表面出现重皮缺陷,导致冷轧成材率低,因此对缺陷产品进行取样,采用扫描电镜和能谱仪分析重皮缺陷的微观形貌和化学成分,找出DC04冷轧板出现重皮缺陷的原因。
冷轧板DC04表面重皮缺陷均沿轧制方向分布,起皮部位有的与基体一侧相连,相连基体起皮的表面呈现银白色,有的起皮已经完全脱落,起皮处肉眼可以看到条状凹下去的坑。
截取缺陷样品,如图1所示,样品表面有明显的重皮缺陷,且部分表层出现了脱落现象。
对重皮下的残留物进行了扫描电镜能谱分析,缺陷样品外观形貌及能谱图见图2。从图2中可以看出,缺陷处存在大量夹杂物,主要为氧化物类夹杂物和保护渣形成的复合物。能谱检测结果显示,残留物中主要有C、O、Na、Mg、Al、Si、Ca等元素,具体含量如图2所示。保护渣的构成元素主要包含Na、Mg、Al、Si、Ca,连铸保护渣中含有一定的Na元素,残留物中有Na元素,从而证明钢液在浇注过程中存在结晶器保护渣的卷入情况,这与一些钢厂通过使用示踪剂(SrO2)研究的结果一致[2],重皮缺陷中的夹杂物一部分来自结晶器的保护渣。
铸坯的皮下夹渣与保护渣的化学组成及结晶器中钢水液面波动的程度有关,除此之外,还与钢中Mn/Si的比值有关,当Mn/Si比值减小时[3],说明渣中的SiO2含量增加了,从而渣的黏度就增加了,在浸入式水口处不断聚集钢水中析出的Al2O3,慢慢在水口壁上形成瘤状物,结晶器保护渣的流动性受阻,结晶器内钢水表面的波动增大,从而造成结晶器保护渣的卷入。当轧制成薄的板卷时,夹杂物完全裸露在钢板表面,从而导致轧制后的表皮分层,产生重皮缺陷。
结晶器弯月面处由于温度低而首先凝固,当先凝固的坯壳未能到达结晶器壁时,未凝固的钢液将会从先凝固的坯壳上表面流过,将保护渣一起带入到坯壳上表面。当结晶器中钢水液面波动大,浸入式水口插入结晶器的状态不理想[3],都会将保护渣卷入到坯壳。文献[4]认为,不在恒拉速状态下浇注,铸坯表面夹杂物的分布随着铸坯深度的增加呈减少的趋势。所以卷渣形成的皮下夹渣主要存在于铸坯表面附近。
通常钢中非金属夹杂物是脱氧和钢液在凝固时生成的各种反应产物,主要是O、S、N的化合物。不同形态的夹杂物混杂在金属内部,破坏了金属的连续性和完整性,导致金属材料的塑性、韧性和疲劳性能降低,使钢的加工性能变差。钢带在轧制过程中[5],它的表层有夹杂物存在,在压力加工过程中发生较大的变形而产生“分层”现象,在后续轧制过程中会产生扩展和破裂。
对样品缺陷部位截面进行磨制、抛光,用4%的硝酸酒精溶液腐蚀,显微镜下对腐蚀试样进行组织观察,如图3所示。由图中金相照片可见,缺陷深入基体内部,钢板内部其他部位还存在多处未裸露缺陷,如果继续轧薄就会显现,并在钢板表面形成重皮。
综上所述,DC04冷轧板表面缺陷为重皮缺陷,重皮下夹杂物能谱分析均发现C、O、Na、Mg、Al、Si、Ca等元素,从化学元素分析结果能够看出,重皮缺陷由氧化物类夹杂物和保护渣形成的复合物造成,其主要来源于炼钢过中发生的各种化学反应生成的氧化物,如原材料带入的杂物,从冶炼、出钢到浇注整个生产过程中耐火材料的侵蚀,以及在浇注过程中保护渣的卷入等等。浇注过程中,夹杂物在钢液中上浮,钢液凝固后,铸坯上表面夹杂物的含量相对较高,从而使冷轧板轧制到较薄的时候,表面的夹杂物就裸露出来,形成重皮缺陷。
冷轧板的重皮缺陷主要来源于卷入保护渣形成的皮下夹渣、钢液二次氧化产生的非金属夹杂物和耐火材料的熔损,所以避免冷轧板表面重皮缺陷的产生,主要是控制好冷轧板的夹杂物。通过提高钢水的洁净度,防止浇注过程中钢水的二次氧化和耐火材料的熔损;采用熔点和黏度更低、流动性更好的保护渣,加入后可在结晶器壁与凝固坯壳间形成稳定厚度的渣膜,起到良好的润滑和吸附夹杂物的作用。应根据不同的钢种、连铸机的状态、铸坯浇注速度选择合适的保护渣,使用时保护渣应熔化均匀。
(1)冷轧板表面重皮缺陷由氧化物类夹杂物和保护渣形成的复合物造成。
(2)为避免这类重皮缺陷的产生,要保证钢水的洁净度,选择合适的保护渣,尽量保证恒拉速,减少结晶器液面的波动。
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2024年第50卷第6期
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  • 接收时间:2024-07-04
  • 首发时间:2025-10-20
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-04
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    1.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2.燕京啤酒(包头雪鹿)股份有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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