Article(id=1187027205344346347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187027204178326004, articleNumber=1009-5438(2024)06-0051-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715270400000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760938939653, onlineDateStr=2025-10-20, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760938939653, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760938939653, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760938939653, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1187027204178326004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2024', volume='50', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1760938939375, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760939191531, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1187028261868548309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187027204178326004, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1187028261868548310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1187027204178326004, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=51, endPage=54, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187100783586722165, articleId=1187027205344346347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Research and Improvement on Surface Quality of Beam Steel, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the process of flattening and straightening, the iron oxide scale of beam steel is broken, dropped out and pressed into surface of steel coils so that pockmarks of different sizes are formed on surface, which seriously affects the appearance quality of products. In this paper, the relatedness between such process parameters as the inlet temperature of finishing rolling, rolling speed, cooling rate and coiling temperature as well as thickness and structure of iron oxide scale is researched. The results showed that the thickness of iron oxide scale was increased with the increase of inlet temperature of finishing rolling when it was below 980 ℃; the faster the rolling speed, the thinner the iron oxide scale on surface of strip steel. The defect of pockmarks on surface of beam steel is effectively controlled by optimizing the heating schedule, increasing rolling speed as well as optimizing laminar cooling rate and coiling temperature.

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汽车大梁钢氧化铁皮在开平矫直过程中破碎、脱落,压入钢卷表面形成大小不一的表面麻坑,严重影响产品外观质量。文章对精轧入口温度、轧制速度、冷却速率和卷取温度等工艺参数与氧化铁皮厚度及结构关联性进行了研究。研究结果表明,精轧入口温度在980 ℃以下时,氧化铁皮厚度随精轧入口温度升高而增加;轧制速度越快,带钢表面氧化铁皮越薄。通过优化加热制度、提高轧制速度、优化层流冷却速率和卷取温度等措施,大梁钢表面麻坑缺陷得到有效控制。

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韩玉龙(1978-),男,满族,天津市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事钢轧生产管理工作。

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韩玉龙(1978-),男,满族,天津市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事钢轧生产管理工作。

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韩玉龙(1978-),男,满族,天津市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事钢轧生产管理工作。

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钢卷号 F7穿带速度
/(m·s-1)
F7运行速度
/(m·s-1)
氧化铁皮平均
厚度/μm
1 5.62 6.03 15.52
2 6.45 7.90 10.48
3 7.10 8.63 4.86
), ArticleFig(id=1187100949685355459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1187027205344346347, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同轧制速度对氧化铁皮厚度的影响

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钢卷号 F7穿带速度
/(m·s-1)
F7运行速度
/(m·s-1)
氧化铁皮平均
厚度/μm
1 5.62 6.03 15.52
2 6.45 7.90 10.48
3 7.10 8.63 4.86
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汽车大梁钢表面质量研究与改进
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韩玉龙 1 , 高军 1 , 刘广涛 1 , 周学刚 2 , 张智刚 3 , 胡所军 1 , 寇沙沙 3
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2024,50(6): 51-54
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2024, 50(6): 51-54
汽车大梁钢表面质量研究与改进
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韩玉龙1, 高军1, 刘广涛1, 周学刚2, 张智刚3, 胡所军1, 寇沙沙3
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2.内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司板材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 3.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 韩玉龙(1978-),男,满族,天津市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事钢轧生产管理工作。

Research and Improvement on Surface Quality of Beam Steel
Han Yu-long1, Gao Jun1, Liu Guang-tao1, Zhou Xue-gang2, Zhang Zhi-gang3, Hu Suo-jun1, Kou Sha-sha3
Affiliations
  • 1. Manufacturing Dept. of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2. Plate Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Steel Plate Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 3. Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25
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汽车大梁钢氧化铁皮在开平矫直过程中破碎、脱落,压入钢卷表面形成大小不一的表面麻坑,严重影响产品外观质量。文章对精轧入口温度、轧制速度、冷却速率和卷取温度等工艺参数与氧化铁皮厚度及结构关联性进行了研究。研究结果表明,精轧入口温度在980 ℃以下时,氧化铁皮厚度随精轧入口温度升高而增加;轧制速度越快,带钢表面氧化铁皮越薄。通过优化加热制度、提高轧制速度、优化层流冷却速率和卷取温度等措施,大梁钢表面麻坑缺陷得到有效控制。

表面麻坑  /  氧化铁皮厚度  /  汽车大梁钢  /  共析反应

In the process of flattening and straightening, the iron oxide scale of beam steel is broken, dropped out and pressed into surface of steel coils so that pockmarks of different sizes are formed on surface, which seriously affects the appearance quality of products. In this paper, the relatedness between such process parameters as the inlet temperature of finishing rolling, rolling speed, cooling rate and coiling temperature as well as thickness and structure of iron oxide scale is researched. The results showed that the thickness of iron oxide scale was increased with the increase of inlet temperature of finishing rolling when it was below 980 ℃; the faster the rolling speed, the thinner the iron oxide scale on surface of strip steel. The defect of pockmarks on surface of beam steel is effectively controlled by optimizing the heating schedule, increasing rolling speed as well as optimizing laminar cooling rate and coiling temperature.

pockmarks on surface  /  thickness of iron oxide scale  /  beam steel  /  eutectoid reaction
韩玉龙, 高军, 刘广涛, 周学刚, 张智刚, 胡所军, 寇沙沙. 汽车大梁钢表面质量研究与改进. 包钢科技, 2024 , 50 (6) : 51 -54 .
Han Yu-long, Gao Jun, Liu Guang-tao, Zhou Xue-gang, Zhang Zhi-gang, Hu Suo-jun, Kou Sha-sha. Research and Improvement on Surface Quality of Beam Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2024 , 50 (6) : 51 -54 .
随着钢铁工业迅速发展,环保政策逐步落实,市场竞争日益激烈,客户对钢材表面质量要求越来越高。氧化铁皮不仅影响热轧钢带后续酸洗、水洗难易程度及钢带表面质量,而且增加后续加工成本,氧化铁皮厚度及结构比例是衡量热轧带钢表面质量的重要指标。热轧带钢表面氧化铁皮控制技术已成为目前国内外各大钢厂关注的焦点。
汽车大梁钢氧化铁皮在冷加工过程中破碎、脱落,压入钢卷表面形成表面麻坑,严重影响产品外观质量,对公司汽车钢产品市场竞争力造成一定影响。EPS工艺深加工后,钢板表面光洁度要求更高,要求无划伤、无麻坑等表面质量缺陷。因此,研究热轧工艺参数对带钢氧化铁皮的生成及形貌至关重要。
包钢汽车大梁钢表面氧化铁皮厚且疏松,在钢卷开平过程中,氧化铁皮容易破碎、脱落,形成黑灰色片状或粉末状小颗粒,粘附在夹送辊、矫直辊上造成辊面凸起。氧化铁皮硬度比基体高,在矫直过程中会压入钢卷表面,形成大小不一的麻坑[1],见图1。钢卷表面麻坑形状不同、大小不等,其外边缘平滑、发亮,带有明显被外物碾压、倾轧的痕迹。水洗表面处理后,氧化铁皮消失,钢卷表面留有凹坑,见图2。因此,带钢表面氧化铁皮结构疏松、整体偏厚是其在开平矫直过程中破碎、脱落,造成表面麻坑的主要原因。
热轧带钢表面氧化铁皮一般由最外层Fe2O3、中间层Fe3O4和最内层FeO组成,由于三者的结构、塑性以及与带钢基体粘附性的差异,不同比例FeO、Fe2O3、Fe3O4组成的氧化铁皮将会影响产品的表面质量,而不同热轧工艺参数将会直接影响带钢氧化铁皮的微观结构与厚度。因此,研究热轧工艺参数对带钢氧化铁皮的生成及形貌至关重要。本文以600 MPa级别汽车大梁钢为研究对象,分析轧制参数对其氧化铁皮厚度及微观结构的影响规律,为提高其产品表面质量提供思路。
该阶段氧化反应与加热温度、保温时间和出炉温度有关,形成的氧化铁皮厚度与这些因素成正比[2]。该阶段生成的氧化铁皮可以被高压水去除。但是,对于高硅钢,容易在金属基体和氧化铁皮之间形成液态Fe2SiO4渗入到氧化铁皮,轧制之前渗入到氧化铁皮的液态Fe2SiO4将FeO晶粒包围,形成FeO和Fe2SiO4的共析产物,凝固后,形成类似锚状形貌,将FeO层钉扎住,钉扎住的FeO很难在除鳞过程中被完全除掉。残余的FeO在随后的热轧过程中破碎,与空气中氧的接触面积加大,氧化反应生成红色的Fe2O3。该阶段产生的氧化铁皮应尽量去除,防止后续轧制时大量红色Fe2O3生成。
大梁钢板常规热连轧板坯厚度为230 mm,精轧入口温度设置在980~1 080 ℃。在保持其他条件不变的情况下,通过调整精轧入口温度,研究精轧入口温度对氧化铁皮厚度的影响[3]。当精轧入口温度在1 040 ℃以下时,氧化铁皮厚度随精轧入口温度的上升而缓慢增加;当精轧入口温度在1 040 ℃以上时,氧化铁皮厚度随入口温度的升高而急剧增加,精轧入口温度对氧化铁皮厚度的影响如图3(a)所示。这是由于精轧前机架入口温度高且轧制速度相对较慢,带钢在前机架轧制间隙停留时间较长,此时入口温度越高则带钢与空气、水之间发生的氧化反应越剧烈,生成的氧化铁皮也将越厚。
通过试验研究某低合金高强钢终轧温度与氧化铁皮厚度的对应关系。在常规热连轧生产线上,在保持其他条件不变的情况下,终轧温度从830 ℃提高至890 ℃时,氧化铁皮厚度仅增加3 μm,如图3(b)所示。试验结果表明终轧温度对氧化铁皮厚度的影响不明显。理论上终轧温度越高,带钢与空气、水发生的氧化反应越剧烈,生成的氧化铁皮也将越厚。但实际生产中终轧温度的提高往往伴随着轧制速度加快,使得轧制过程中带钢与空气、水接触时间缩短,导致带钢氧化铁皮厚度增加不明显。
为研究轧制速度对氧化铁皮厚度的影响,以8.0 mm厚汽车大梁钢600 L为试验对象,对比不同轧制速度对成品氧化铁皮厚度的影响。表1中3个600 L钢试验卷,精轧入口厚度、精轧入口温度、精轧压下率和轧后冷却方式、冷却速率均保持不变,通过调整精轧穿带速度和运行速度来评估轧制速度对表面氧化铁皮厚度的影响。试验结果表明,在其他条件不变的情况,当F7穿带速度为5.60 m/s时,成品氧化铁皮平均厚度为15.52 μm;当穿带速度为6.45 m/s时,氧化铁皮平均厚度为10.48 μm;当穿带速度提高至7.10 m/s时,氧化铁皮平均厚度减薄至4.86 μm。
提高穿带速度可以缩短带钢在精轧前机架高温阶段的停留时间,增加运行速度则可以提高稳定轧制阶段的轧制速度,缩短后机架轧制间隙时间,随着轧制速度加快,带钢在空气、水中暴露时间缩短,表面氧化量减少,生成的氧化铁皮更少。因此,在一定程度上,轧制速度越快,带钢表面生成的氧化铁皮越薄。
FeO在平衡状态下发生共析反应的温度为570 ℃,在570~1 371 ℃范围内,随着卷取温度降低,FeO会发生先共析反应,生成先共析Fe3O4。而当卷取温度降至570 ℃后,FeO会发生共析反应生成共析Fe3O4+α-Fe[4]图4为FeO的等温转变曲线,鼻尖位置温度大致为570 ℃,两个C形曲线围成先共析转变区和共析转变区,在相应区域内分别获得先共析Fe3O4和共析Fe3O4+α-Fe。当以不同冷却速率冷却至工艺规定温度时,将穿越一个或多个区域,获得不同相结构的氧化铁皮。由于不同成分的钢板表面组织不同,共析鼻温范围有差异。
试验结果表明,在530~650 ℃范围内,卷取温度越高,残留的FeO比例越高,随着卷取温度的升高,先共析Fe3O4比例增加,共析Fe3O4+α-Fe比例相应减少。共析Fe3O4+α-Fe结构致密,与钢基体结合好,在冷加工过程中不易脱落。为了解决钢板表面麻坑问题,一方面要控制整体氧化铁皮厚度,另一方面要通过工艺改进获得较高比例的共析Fe3O4+α-Fe。但同时也要考虑到高强汽车大梁钢中含有较高比例的Ti、Nb微合金元素,对卷取温度比较敏感,温度设置过低时不利于TiC、Nb(C,N)的充分析出,影响产品力学性能。因此,为改善钢板表面质量同时避免产品性能出现较大波动,需制定合适的层流冷却速率和卷取温度。
(1)优化出炉温度,严格控制板坯在高温段停留时间,出炉温度控制在1 200 ℃左右,严格控制精轧入口温度,精轧入口温度不得高于980 ℃。
(2)提高精轧穿带速度和精轧运行速度,减少带钢在高温轧制间隙停留时间,有利于减小氧化铁皮厚度,精轧穿带速度不得低于7.0 m/s。
(3)在层流冷却中优先采用前段快冷工艺,冷却速率不低于20 ℃/s,以抑制先共析Fe3O4的析出,同时防止氧化铁皮长大、增厚。优化卷取温度,根据成品厚度的不同制定合适的卷取温度,通过工艺调整获得较高比例的共析Fe3O4+α-Fe氧化铁皮结构,卷取温度控制在570~630 ℃之间较为理想。
经过攻关,汽车大梁钢600 L表面氧化铁皮结构明显改善,氧化铁皮相结构以共析Fe3O4+α-Fe为主,其比例占表面相结构的60%以上。氧化铁皮平均厚度在9.4~9.8 μm,见图5。经过用户验证,大梁钢表面质量良好,可达到产品供货要求。
(1)控制板坯在加热期间的氧化铁皮厚度需要较低的出炉温度,并严格控制板坯在加热炉高温段停留时间。提高穿带速度可以缩短带钢在精轧前机架高温阶段的停留时间,提高运行速度可以缩短精轧后机架轧制间隙时间。在一定程度上,轧制速度越快,带钢表面生成的氧化铁皮越薄。
(2)为了解决钢板表面麻坑问题,一方面要控制整体氧化铁皮厚度,在层冷模式上优先采用前段快冷以抑制先共析Fe3O4的析出,同时防止氧化铁皮长大、增厚;另一方面要控制氧化铁皮相结构,通过工艺优化获得较高比例的共析Fe3O4+α-Fe,卷取温度控制在570~630 ℃较为适宜。
参考文献 引证文献
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曹光明, 石发才, 孙彬, 等. 汽车大梁钢的氧化铁皮结构控制与剥落行为[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2014, 35(11):161-167.
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张春花, 田秀刚, 藏振东, 等. 用显微镜观察氧化铁皮分层结构的方法[J]. 特钢技术, 2023, 29(2):51-58.
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  • 接收时间:2024-05-10
  • 首发时间:2025-10-20
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-10
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    1.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2.内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司板材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
    3.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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