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Article(id=1186982296730092118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1186982287943021298, articleNumber=1009-5438(2025)01-0009-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709222400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760928232604, onlineDateStr=2025-10-20, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760928232604, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760928232604, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760928232604, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1186982287943021298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2025', volume='51', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1760928230509, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760928585419, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1186983776602173865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1186982287943021298, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1186983776602173866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1186982287943021298, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=9, endPage=12, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187102806025584664, articleId=1186982296730092118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Optimizing Reasonable Delay Time of Deep Hole Blasting for Bench of An Iron Mine, columnId=1187100781414069182, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the paper, the theoretical inter-hole delay time and theoretical delay time between rows for such three types of lithology as iron ore, dolomite and slate in firing network are calculated by averaging as well as reasonable parameters are formulated to organize and launch bursting test through analyzing domestic and foreign rock breaking theory of millisecond blasting. The study showed that the reasonable inter-hole delay time of dolomite was 32 ms and that with blast block≤800 mm accounted for 98.17%; reasonable inter-hole delay time of slate was 40 ms and that with blast block≤800 mm accounted for 91.11%; reasonable inter-hole delay time of iron ore was 28 ms and that with blast block≤600 mm accounted for 82.16%. The proportions of qualified block corresponding to reasonable delay time of each lithology are increased.

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文章通过对国内外微差爆破破岩理论进行分析,计算求均值得出爆破网路中铁矿、白云岩和板岩三类岩性孔间和排间的理论延期时间,并制定合理的参数组织开展爆破试验。研究表明,白云岩合理孔间延期时间为32 ms,爆破块度≤800 mm占98.17%;板岩合理孔间延期时间为40 ms,爆破块度≤800 mm占91.11%;铁矿石合理孔间延期时间为28 ms,爆破块度≤600 mm占82.16%。各岩性合理延期时间对应下合格块度占比得到提高。

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郭一娜(1988-),女,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事采矿爆破技术研究工作。

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郭一娜(1988-),女,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事采矿爆破技术研究工作。

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郭一娜(1988-),女,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事采矿爆破技术研究工作。

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Controlled Blasting in a Limestone Mine Using Electronic Detonators: Case Study[J]. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 2017,89:87-90., articleTitle=Controlled Blasting in a Limestone Mine Using Electronic Detonators: Case Study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1187102904579146138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1186982296730092118, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=67, issue=7, pageStart=345, pageEnd=350, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Hemant A, Chitranjan P S, Arvind K M, journalName=Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hemant A, Chitranjan P S, Arvind K M, et al. Reducing Environmental Hazards of Blasting Using Electronic Detonators in a Large Opencast Coal Project:a Case Study[J]. Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, 2019, 67(7):345-350., articleTitle=Reducing Environmental Hazards of Blasting Using Electronic Detonators in a Large Opencast Coal Project:a Case Study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1187102904646255003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1186982296730092118, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=47, pageEnd=53, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=吴亮, 鲁帅, 许锋, journalName=金属矿山, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴亮, 鲁帅, 许锋, 等. 矿岩爆破破碎机理、块度分布与测量技术研究动态[J]. 金属矿山, 2016(7):47-53., articleTitle=矿岩爆破破碎机理、块度分布与测量技术研究动态, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1187102904717558172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1186982296730092118, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=47, pageEnd=53, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Wu Liang, Lu Shuai, Xu Feng, journalName=Metal Mine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu Liang, Lu Shuai, Xu Feng, et al. 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岩性 平均装药量
/kg		 排间延期
时间/ms		 孔间延期
时间/ms
铁矿 850 85 32
白云岩 780 80 32
板岩 800 82 35
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最佳理论延期时间

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岩性 平均装药量
/kg		 排间延期
时间/ms		 孔间延期
时间/ms
铁矿 850 85 32
白云岩 780 80 32
板岩 800 82 35
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岩性 排间延期时间 孔间延期时间
铁矿石 85 24,28,32
白云岩 80 20,25,32,35,40
板岩 82 30,35,40,45
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孔间延期时间优选试验方案 ms

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岩性 排间延期时间 孔间延期时间
铁矿石 85 24,28,32
白云岩 80 20,25,32,35,40
板岩 82 30,35,40,45
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岩性 孔间延期时间 排间延期时间
铁矿石 28 70,75,80,85,90,95,100
白云岩 32 70,75,80,85,90,95,100
板岩 40 70,76,82,88,94,100
), ArticleFig(id=1187102903069196690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1186982296730092118, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

排间延期时间优选试验方案 ms

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岩性 孔间延期时间 排间延期时间
铁矿石 28 70,75,80,85,90,95,100
白云岩 32 70,75,80,85,90,95,100
板岩 40 70,76,82,88,94,100
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爆区编号 岩性 排距
/m		 排间延期
时间/ms		 松散度 爆区编号 岩性 排距
/m		 排间延期
时间/ms		 松散度
爆区一 白云岩 6 70 1.424 爆区十一 板岩 6 88 1.448
爆区二 白云岩 6 75 1.435 爆区十二 板岩 6 94 1.439
爆区三 白云岩 6 80 1.453 爆区十三 板岩 6 100 1.437
爆区四 白云岩 6 85 1.464 爆区十四 铁矿石 6 70 1.393
爆区五 白云岩 6 90 1.458 爆区十五 铁矿石 6 75 1.406
爆区六 白云岩 6 95 1.456 爆区十六 铁矿石 6 80 1.412
爆区七 白云岩 6 100 1.457 爆区十七 铁矿石 6 85 1.426
爆区八 板岩 6 70 1.424 爆区十八 铁矿石 6 90 1.431
爆区九 板岩 6 76 1.436 爆区十九 铁矿石 6 95 1.437
爆区十 板岩 6 82 1.443 爆区二十 铁矿石 6 100 1.429
), ArticleFig(id=1187102903195025812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1186982296730092118, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

试验爆区参数汇总表

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爆区编号 岩性 排距
/m		 排间延期
时间/ms		 松散度 爆区编号 岩性 排距
/m		 排间延期
时间/ms		 松散度
爆区一 白云岩 6 70 1.424 爆区十一 板岩 6 88 1.448
爆区二 白云岩 6 75 1.435 爆区十二 板岩 6 94 1.439
爆区三 白云岩 6 80 1.453 爆区十三 板岩 6 100 1.437
爆区四 白云岩 6 85 1.464 爆区十四 铁矿石 6 70 1.393
爆区五 白云岩 6 90 1.458 爆区十五 铁矿石 6 75 1.406
爆区六 白云岩 6 95 1.456 爆区十六 铁矿石 6 80 1.412
爆区七 白云岩 6 100 1.457 爆区十七 铁矿石 6 85 1.426
爆区八 板岩 6 70 1.424 爆区十八 铁矿石 6 90 1.431
爆区九 板岩 6 76 1.436 爆区十九 铁矿石 6 95 1.437
爆区十 板岩 6 82 1.443 爆区二十 铁矿石 6 100 1.429
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爆区编号 岩性 实际孔间延期
时间/ms		 合格块度
/%		 爆区编号 岩性 实际孔间延期
时间/ms		 合格块度
/%
爆区一 铁矿石 42 68.20 爆区十一 白云岩 30 93.65
爆区二 铁矿石 32 75.10 爆区十二 白云岩 26 94.16
爆区三 铁矿石 30 75.70 爆区十三 白云岩 35 96.40
爆区四 铁矿石 18 77.70 爆区十四 白云岩 20 96.89
爆区五 铁矿石 24 78.48 爆区十五 白云岩 25 97.77
爆区六 铁矿石 23 80.64 爆区十六 白云岩 32 98.17
爆区七 铁矿石 28 82.16 爆区十七 板岩 45 83.29
爆区八 白云岩 40 88.07 爆区十八 板岩 30 84.71
爆区九 白云岩 22 88.24 爆区十九 板岩 35 90.01
爆区十 白云岩 42 88.96 爆区二十 板岩 40 91.11
), ArticleFig(id=1187102903337632150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1186982296730092118, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

试验爆区块度数据统计表

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爆区编号 岩性 实际孔间延期
时间/ms		 合格块度
/%		 爆区编号 岩性 实际孔间延期
时间/ms		 合格块度
/%
爆区一 铁矿石 42 68.20 爆区十一 白云岩 30 93.65
爆区二 铁矿石 32 75.10 爆区十二 白云岩 26 94.16
爆区三 铁矿石 30 75.70 爆区十三 白云岩 35 96.40
爆区四 铁矿石 18 77.70 爆区十四 白云岩 20 96.89
爆区五 铁矿石 24 78.48 爆区十五 白云岩 25 97.77
爆区六 铁矿石 23 80.64 爆区十六 白云岩 32 98.17
爆区七 铁矿石 28 82.16 爆区十七 板岩 45 83.29
爆区八 白云岩 40 88.07 爆区十八 板岩 30 84.71
爆区九 白云岩 22 88.24 爆区十九 板岩 35 90.01
爆区十 白云岩 42 88.96 爆区二十 板岩 40 91.11
), ArticleFig(id=1187102903413129623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1186982296730092118, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性 优化后孔间
延时/ms		 优化后排间
延时/ms		 块度/%
目标值 优化后
铁矿石 28 95 75 80.64
板岩 40 88 90 93.70
白云岩 32 85 93 95.16
), ArticleFig(id=1187102904373625240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1186982296730092118, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

各岩性爆破试验效果块度指标对比

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岩性 优化后孔间
延时/ms		 优化后排间
延时/ms		 块度/%
目标值 优化后
铁矿石 28 95 75 80.64
板岩 40 88 90 93.70
白云岩 32 85 93 95.16
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某铁矿台阶深孔爆破合理延期时间优选试验研究
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郭一娜 , 洪国敏
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025,51(1): 9-12
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025, 51(1): 9-12
某铁矿台阶深孔爆破合理延期时间优选试验研究
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郭一娜, 洪国敏
作者信息
  • 包钢集团矿山研究院(有限公司),内蒙古 包头 014030

    • 郭一娜(1988-),女,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事采矿爆破技术研究工作。

Experimental Study on Optimizing Reasonable Delay Time of Deep Hole Blasting for Bench of An Iron Mine
Yina Guo, Guomin Hong
Affiliations
  • Baotou Steel Group Mining Research Institute (Co., Ltd.), Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25
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摘要
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文章通过对国内外微差爆破破岩理论进行分析,计算求均值得出爆破网路中铁矿、白云岩和板岩三类岩性孔间和排间的理论延期时间,并制定合理的参数组织开展爆破试验。研究表明,白云岩合理孔间延期时间为32 ms,爆破块度≤800 mm占98.17%;板岩合理孔间延期时间为40 ms,爆破块度≤800 mm占91.11%;铁矿石合理孔间延期时间为28 ms,爆破块度≤600 mm占82.16%。各岩性合理延期时间对应下合格块度占比得到提高。

数码电子雷管  /  微差爆破  /  延期时间  /  块度

In the paper, the theoretical inter-hole delay time and theoretical delay time between rows for such three types of lithology as iron ore, dolomite and slate in firing network are calculated by averaging as well as reasonable parameters are formulated to organize and launch bursting test through analyzing domestic and foreign rock breaking theory of millisecond blasting. The study showed that the reasonable inter-hole delay time of dolomite was 32 ms and that with blast block≤800 mm accounted for 98.17%; reasonable inter-hole delay time of slate was 40 ms and that with blast block≤800 mm accounted for 91.11%; reasonable inter-hole delay time of iron ore was 28 ms and that with blast block≤600 mm accounted for 82.16%. The proportions of qualified block corresponding to reasonable delay time of each lithology are increased.

digital electronic detonator  /  millisecond blasting  /  delay time  /  block
郭一娜, 洪国敏. 某铁矿台阶深孔爆破合理延期时间优选试验研究. 包钢科技, 2025 , 51 (1) : 9 -12 .
Yina Guo, Guomin Hong. Experimental Study on Optimizing Reasonable Delay Time of Deep Hole Blasting for Bench of An Iron Mine[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2025 , 51 (1) : 9 -12 .
正文
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大量研究表明,合理的微差爆破延期时间很大程度上决定能否达到预期的爆破效果。近年来随着爆破器材的不断发展,应用具有高精度延期时间和安全性的数码电子雷管越来越普遍[1]。2018年数码电子雷管在某大型铁矿逐步取代导爆管雷管,但爆破延期时间仍沿用以往使用导爆管雷管的经验进行设定,很难发挥数码电子雷管的优点来改善爆破效果,反而增加了起爆器材成本。因此,利用数码电子雷管探索最优的“微差延期时间”,来提高台阶爆破破碎效果成了新的研究课题[2]。
1 矿山爆破现状
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某大型铁矿台阶深孔爆破采用Φ310 mm牙轮钻机穿凿炮孔,台阶高度为14 m,采用三角形布孔,采用自有炸药厂生产的多孔粒状铵油炸药和乳化炸药进行爆破,起爆方式采用普通导爆管雷管排间起爆和高精度雷管逐孔起爆两种方式。共组织正常台阶深孔爆破133区,完成爆破总量2 960.48万t,其中矿石817.05万t,平均炸药单耗为340.17 g/t,平均延米爆破量为132.2 t/m。某大型铁矿经过长期的现场爆破优化,已基本形成一套爆破参数,但爆破质量仍存在一定问题,影响生产。该矿的矿物种类按岩性主要分为铁矿、白云岩、板岩三大类型,与国内其他同类型矿山相比,炸药单耗偏高,而爆破效果却不是十分理想,且爆堆形状时好时坏,没有规律,块度不均。
近年来,矿山开展了挤压爆破、间隔装药、爆破震动危害控制等大量的科研攻关项目,在一般爆区或岩石相对较软的岩石地区,爆破能够达到预期效果,但在难爆区或岩层复杂地区,爆破效果较差,严重影响后续铲装效率,增加后续工序成本,亟需对难爆区进行爆破技术攻关,满足高效、安全生产要求。
2 理论延期时间计算
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理论延期时间的计算是一个复杂的过程,需要综合考虑多种因素。随着数码电子雷管技术的发展,可以更精确地控制延期时间,从而提高爆破效率和安全性。在实际应用中,理论计算结果通常需要结合现场试验结果和经验进行调整,以达到最佳爆破效果。
国内外合理的露天微差爆破延期时间计算的理论有增加自由面假说、岩石相互碰撞假说和最小抵抗线假说。而影响爆破延期时间选取的物理和动力学因素主要有岩石和炸药密度、炮孔平均装药量、孔内炸药爆速、冲击波传播速度和威力、爆生气体作用方式、二次破碎作用以及反拉伸波作用等。三种假说理论公式见公式(1)、公式(2)、公式(3)。
增加自由面假说理论公式:
Δt=(K1+K2) Q 3+S/V
式中:Δt为延期时间,ms;K1,K2分别为正波传播系数,K1为1.25~1.80,K2=9(Φ-0.18),其中Φ为炸药与岩石的波阻抗比值;Q为炮孔平均装药量,kg;S为孔后部裂槽宽度,一般取10 mm;V为岩石移动平均速度,m/s。
最小抵抗线假说理论公式:
t= W C PQ-3+3.843×10-5 W 2 r 0 Φ
式中:t为延期时间,ms;W为爆区前排孔平均抵抗线,m;CP为矿岩纵波传播速度,m/s;Q为折合药量,kg;r0为矿岩容重,kg/cm3;Φ为炮孔直径,m。
岩石相互碰撞假说理论公式:
Δt=1000b(ρ-1) 2 ℎ 1 / g/S
式中:Δt为排间延期时间,ms;b为排间距,m;ρ为爆堆松散系数;h1底板上装药高度,m;S为前冲距离,m。
进一步收集并整理了该矿上半年的全部爆破资料,从中筛选出岩性相对单一、炸药种类相对单一的爆区,通过对全部爆区数据统计分析,采用增加自由面假说、岩石相互碰撞假说及最小抵抗线假说,分别计算理论孔间延期时间,进而求取平均值,可以得到各岩性在不同炸药种类爆破中的理论孔间延期时间。结合现行爆破参数以及爆破效果目标值,采用岩石相互碰撞假说,对理论排间延期时间进行计算,最终得到各岩性理论延期时间,见表1。
3 合理延期时间优选试验
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3.1 试验方案
理论延期时间需通过现场试验来验证和调整,以更好地适应实际条件。通过现场踏勘,结合采场生产实际,考虑炸药种类不同,延期时间略有不同。目前该矿爆破超标大块率仍然偏高,爆区前冲过大。据此结合矿山爆破要求,爆区设定爆破效果块度目标值[3]:铁矿石≤600 mm占比为75%;板岩≤800 mm占比为80%;白云岩≤800 mm占比为93%。
现场试验拟定在1 210~1 222 m台阶进行,爆区均采用电子雷管逐孔起爆方法,炮孔起爆网络布孔方式见图1。选定27个爆区进行试验,炮孔直径与平均装药量不变,排间距铁矿为6 m×7 m,白云岩为6 m×8 m,板岩为6 m×9 m。结合理论延期时间,制定不同的延期时间方案进行爆破[4],具体参数见表2、表3。
3.2 试验结果统计
按照设计参数组织爆破,采用三维激光扫描仪现场测定爆堆形状,计算其松散度、块度,分析爆堆参数统计结果见表4、表5。
3.3 试验结果分析
结合表4数据,将松散度与排间延期时间关联分析,见图2。
通过以上图表分析可知,白云岩、板岩和铁矿石的松散度,随着排间延期时间的加大发生了变化[5]。
白云岩排间延期时间由70 ms增加至100 ms过程中,爆堆松散度先明显增大,85 ms时达到最大,再增加排间延期时间松散度有下降趋势,对应前冲距离为49 m;板岩排间延期时间由70 ms增加至100 ms过程中,爆堆松散度先明显增大,88 ms时达到最大,再增加排间延期时间松散度有下降趋势,对应前冲距离为47 m;铁矿石排间延期时间由70 ms增加至100 ms过程中,爆堆松散度先明显增大,95 ms时达到最大,再增加排间延期时间松散度有下降趋势,对应前冲距离为45 m。
研究结果表明,白云岩合理排间延期时间为85 ms,爆堆松散度为1.464,前冲距离为49 m;板岩合理排间延期时间为88 ms,爆堆松散度为1.448,前冲距离为47 m;铁矿石合理排间延期时间为95 ms,爆堆松散度为1.437,前冲距离为45 m。
结合表5数据,将各爆区爆破块度与孔间延期时间关联分析,见图3。
由图3可知,各岩性的块度随着孔间延期时间的加大发生了变化。铁矿石孔间延期时间从32 ms调整至24 ms,块度先改善后劣化,块度合理时孔间延期时间为28 ms;白云岩孔间延期时间从40 ms调整至20 ms,块度先改善后劣化,块度合理的孔间延期时间为32 ms;板岩孔间延期时间从45 ms调整至30 ms,块度先改善后劣化,块度合理的孔间延期时间为40 ms。
最终确定在使用乳化炸药条件下,白云岩合理孔间延期时间为32 ms,爆破块度≤800 mm占98.17%;板岩合理孔间延期时间为40 ms,爆破块度≤800 mm占91.11%;铁矿石合理孔间延期时间为28 ms,爆破块度≤600 mm占82.16%。在各岩性合理延期时间对应下合格块度占比提高2%以上,无根底,其他爆破效果指标也得到改善。与原参数指标进行对比,结果见表6。
4 结束语
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本文通过采用目前国内外先进的理论数学计算模型,与某铁矿现场条件相结合,确定计算所需参数。结合分区结果,依据确定的各岩性合理延期时间,在采场开展爆破试验。通过测定,分析爆破后的效果,与目标值进行对比,最终确定各岩性的合理延期时间。现场爆破试验结果表明,白云岩合理孔间延期时间为32 ms,板岩合理孔间延期时间为40 ms,铁矿石合理孔间延期时间为28 ms,能够取得较好的块度分布,同时试验结果验证了理论计算公式的准确性,优化了现场爆破延期时间,改善了矿山的爆破效果。今后应当建立“一爆一分析”档案,根据不同地质条件选取不同的爆破方案,以达到最好的爆破效果。
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参考文献 引证文献
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  • 接收时间：2024-03-01
  • 首发时间：2025-10-20
  • 出版时间：2025-02-25
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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